Learning about Language教学设计思路

Book8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Learning about language Ⅰ. 教材分析

Learning about Language分词汇和语法两部分。

Discovering useful words and expressions中第一题要求学生运用所给词汇的适当形式填空；第二题要求所给短语完成句子。通过这两个练习使学生掌握本单元的描述性语言。

Discovering useful structures 在引导学生体验、探究、归纳现在完成进行时的基础上进行任务型巩固训练。第一题要求学生在Reading中找出含有现在完成进行时态的句子；第二题要求学生通过合作学习，练习现在完成进行时态的用法；第三题要求学生在特定的语境下灵活运用现在完成进行时态。

Ⅱ.教案

Learning about Language Teaching goals 教学目标

1. Target language目标语言

功

能

句

式

Practice giving opinions I think that we should... because... I suggest we... If ..., then maybe we ought to... Perhaps we should /could... We must ask for help from... What if...? Describe objects It seems likely / unlikely that... It looks like... It could be... because... How large do you think it is?

Is there any... on the...? It may/might have been used as/for..

1．

四会词汇

Alternative, starvation, tentative, accuracy, interrupt, acute, assume, regardless, mat, quilt, beast, centimeter, sharpen, ample, messy, primitive, botany, analysis, seashell, ripen, category, significance, somehow, 词

systematic, spit, delete, album, scratch, academy, receptionist, onion, 汇

kindergarten, skateboard, yogurt, radioactive, division, melon, wrinkle, pulse, applaud, howl, accelerate, spear, arrest, dizzy, hammer, gay, skilful, punctuation 2．认读词汇

household, Pharaoh, archaeology, archaeological, archaeologist, ornament, centimeter, scraper, bead, botany, botanical, analysis, seashell, category, systematic, yogurt, radioactive, chronological, punctuation, artifact 3．词组

regardless of, cut up, look ahead, be similar to, look ahead, date back 4．重点词汇

identify, tentative, interrupt, assume, ample, preserve, specific, applaud, accelerate 结

现在完成进行时的用法

构

重

点

句

子

1. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? P38 2. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. P38 3. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. P39 4. That’s why they are called hunters and gatherers. P39 5. Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melon and other fruit. P43

6. If only she had looked ahead and planned better! P43 7. Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. P43

8. He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening. P43

2. Ability goals 能力目标

Enable the students to express using new words and expressions 3. Learning ability goals 学能目标

Help the students learn how to use use new words and expressions

Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点

Words and expressions Teaching methods 教学方法

Explanation and practice.

Teaching aids 教具准备

A projector and a computer. Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式

Step Ⅰ Revision Check the homework. Let some students read their work. A sample version:

A brief introduction to the Zhoukoudian Caves Zhoukoudian is a small village situated about 50 km southwest of Beijing In 1928, Dr C. C. Young, a famous Chinese paleontologist, and Wenzhong Pei, a young Chinese geologist joined the excavation. Two lower jaws of Peking Man were unearthed in this year. To make the excavation more successful, Dr Weng and Dr Black established “Cenozoic Research Laboratory” in 1929. The Peking Man Site also provides the more precise scientific data for the study of the evolution, behaviour. On the western side of Zhoukoudian Village, there are two parallel hills. The one on the east is lower

and called Dragon-bone Hill. Zhoukoudian is a relic of primitive culture, 48 kilometers southwest of downtown Beijing, where Longgushan(dragon skeleton mountain) is standing. Several decades ago, local farmers mined limestone in Zhoukoudian, came upon some bone fossils and called them “the Dragon Bones”. Zhoukoudian became known as “Dragon Bone Mountain”. Drugstores purchased the bones as a medical ingredient. The news about the “magic bones” drew attention of scientists. In 1929 these limestone caves became world famous with the discovery of a skull and two teeth dating back 200,000 to 500,000 years. They were named Peking man. The historical and cultural value of the Zhoukoudian site has been acknowledged by its listing as a World Heritage Site in December 1987 at the eleventh session of UNESCO. Step Ⅱ Lead-in Ask the students to point out the sentences that contain the structure as in “We have been excavating here for many years...”

Sample sentences: 1. We have been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.

2. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 3. Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have been specifically showing us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. T: What is the same structure in these sentences? S: “have/ has been doing...”

T: Yes, in this unit, we will learn “have/has been doing sth.” That is the present perfect continuous tense. Step Ⅲ Explanation

Present Perfect Continuous [HAS / HAVE] + [BEEN] + [V+ing] Examples:

I have been waiting here for two hours. She has only been studying English for two years. Note: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Present Perfect Continuous (has been studying), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (has only been studying).

Use 1 Duration from the Past until Now

T: We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. “for five minutes”, “for two weeks”, and “since Tuesday” are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous. Look at the following examples.

Show the following.

They have been talking for the last hour. She has been working at that company for three years. James has been teaching at the University since June. Use 2 Recently, Lately

T: You can use the Present Perfect Continuous without a duration such as “for five minutes”, “for two weeks”, and “since Tuesday”. Without the durations, the tense gives a more general meaning of “lately”. We often use the words “lately” or “recently” in the sentence to strengthen this meaning. Now read these examples.

Show the following.

Recently, I have been feeling really tired. She has been watching too much television lately.

Mary has been feeling a little depressed. Important

T: Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of “lately” or “recently.” If the Present Perfect Continuous is used in a question such as “Have you been feeling alright?”, it suggests that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as “Have you been smoking?” suggests that you can smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear, or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly. Important: Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs T: It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. To express the idea of Present Perfect Continuous with these exception verbs, you must use Present Perfect. Here are some examples.

Show the following.

Sam has been having his car for two years. (Not Correct) Sam has had his car for two years. (Correct) Active / Passive Present Perfect Continuous Examples: Recently, John has been doing the work. (Active)

Recently, work has been being done by John. (Passive) Note: Present Perfect Continuous is rarely used in its passive form.

Step Ⅳ Consolidation Show these exercises on the screen. 1. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I’m tired. I ____ in the living room all day. A. painted

B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 2. There is so much snow these days, isn’t there? Yes, it ____ for a few days. A. was snowing

B. has been snowing

C. had been snowing D. snowed 3. Although these scientists ____ on the project for nearly four years, I don’t know how long it will last. A. have been working C. were working

B. had worked D. are working 4. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered

C. considered

B. has been considering

D. is going to consider 5. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he ____in the mud all morning. A. has played

B.

is playing C. has been playing D. was playing Key: 1. C

2. B

3. A

4. B

5.C Step Ⅴ Practice Ask the students to work in pairs, and take turns to read the statement and turn it into a question using the present perfect continuous tense.

1. S1: Sam has just finished learning to fly an airplane on six-month course. (How long)

S2: How long have you been learning to fly an airplane, Sam? 2. S1: He swam till he felt very tired.

He has just stepped out of the swimming pool. (How along)

S2: How long has he been swimming in the swimming pool? 3. S1: Sally and Zhou Xin have been busy all day. (What)

S2: What have Sally and Zhou Xin been doing all day? 4. S1: They have argued each other for years about the best way to grow potatoes.

(What)

S2: About what have you been arguing with each other for years? 5. S1: Jail Yang uses a particular kind of washing powder and his clothes have always been clean and soft.

(What)

S2: What kind of washing powder have you been using to make your clothes clean

and soft, Jail Yang? Step Ⅵ Homework Word study exercises are assigned as homework. Students are asked to finish them after class. And ask the students to learn useful words and expressions by heart and practice them. Finish exercises 1 and 2 on pages 40 and 79.