Learning about Language教案和课堂实录

Section_Ⅱ

Learning_about_Language

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．freezing (adj.)冰冻的，严寒的→freeze (v.)使冻结，冷冻→frozen (adj.)冷冻的→freezer (n.)冷冻箱

2．stool (n.)凳子，大便

3．gratitude (n.)感激；感恩→grateful (adj.)感激的

4．punishment (n.)惩罚，惩处→punish(v.)惩罚，惩处

Ⅱ.常用句型必备

It_was_no_wonder_that Frank Wild，the kindest of

men，describes“crying like a baby”when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party. Ⅲ.单元语法聚焦

The Attribute (定语)

[单词点击] 1．freezing

(1)adj.冻结的；冰冻的；极冷的

freezing point冰点

Shut the window；I’m freezing！关上窗户，我冷极了！

Don’t go out; it’s freezing outside! 别出去，外面冷极了！

(2)adv.冰冻一样地

It’s freezing cold outside. 外面极为寒冷。

(3)n.结冰，冰结

In the summer，large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling. 夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存。

(4)freeze v．酷寒，使冻结，冻僵，毛骨悚然

Please freeze the fish and meat in order to prevent it from going rotten.

请把鱼和肉冷冻起来以防止它们腐烂。

It froze hard last night.昨晚冷得厉害。

The story he told us froze me with terror.

他给我们讲的故事把我吓得毛骨悚然。

freezer n．

frozen adj.

freezing，frozen

(1)freezing表示天气，态度等极冷的，冷淡的。

(2)frozen表示食品的冷冻或人的冷淡无情，如a frozen heart冷酷的心，frozen fish冷冻鱼，常用来修饰名词。

[即境活用1]

用freeze的适当形式填空

(1)What________ weather it is. (2)The match girl was ________ dead at night. (3)The smile________ on her face at the bad news. 答案：(1)freezing

(2)frozen

(3)froze 2．gratitude n．感激；感谢

out of gratitude

with gratitude

in gratitude for

He accepted her help with gratitude. 他心怀感激地接受了她的帮助。

He gave them a lovely bookcase in gratitude for their kindness. 他送给他们一个精致的书橱以答谢他们的好意。

grateful adj.

be grateful to sb.for sth.

I’m really grateful to you for your kind offer. 对于您善意的帮助，我深表感激。

[即境活用2]

完成句子

(1)我感谢所有老师的帮助。

I am________________ all the teachers________their help. (2)他感激地朝他们笑了笑。

感激的

因某事而感激某人

出于感激，报恩地

感谢地，感激地

为答谢……

冰箱；冰库；冷冻库

冷冻的

He smiled at them________________. 答案：(1)grateful to；for

(2)with gratitude 3．punishment n．惩罚，惩处

He was sent to his room as a punishment. 他被罚回到他的房间。

The punishment is too much for such a child. 对这样一个孩子来说处罚太重了。

punish vt.

punish sb.with/by sth.

punish sb.for sth.

She was punished for telling a lie. 她因说谎而被处罚了。

[即境活用3]

用punish的适当形式填空

(1)The court should make the ________ fit the crime. (2)They have been ________ by law. 答案：(1)punishment

(2)punished [句型归纳]

It_was_no_wonder_that Frank Wild，the kindest of men，describes“crying like a baby”when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party.

难怪弗兰克·怀尔德——最友善的船员描述到，当他看到沙克尔顿最终带着救援队返回时，他当时“哭得像个孩子”。

It is

no wonder/No wonder (that)＋句子这一结构意为：难怪，并不奇怪，当然

It is no wonder (that) he has passed the examination.难怪他考试及格了。

No wonder he is not hungry；he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。

wonder n．

do/work wonders

wonder at/about (doing) sth.

We all wondered at his rudeness. 我们没想到他那么粗鲁。

[即境活用4]

翻译句子

(1)难怪他总是考第一。

________________________________________________________________________ (2)我想知道他在做什么。

奇迹，惊讶的事，v.想知道；使惊讶

创造奇迹

对……感到惊讶

惩罚；粗鲁地对待；大量消耗

通过某事惩罚某人

因为某事惩罚某人

________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)It’s no wonder that he always gets the first in the exams.

(2)I wonder what he is doing.

定

语

定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。可用来作定语的词有形容词、名词或名词所有格、代词、数词、副词、词组或合成词、不定式(短语)、v.-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等。

1．形容词作定语

He

is an honest and hardworking boy. 他是一个诚实、勤勉的男孩。

(1)表语形容词作定语时须后置，如alive，asleep，awake等。

people alive活着的人

the man awake醒着的那个人

(2)多个形容词的排序为：

限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。

颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。

a big old stone bridge一座大而老的石桥

(3)present，proper，left作定语时后置。

all the people present所有在场的人

(4)形容词修饰不定代词时须后置。

something necessary必要的东西

(5)复合形容词作定语时，连字符连接的名词必须是单数。

a twenty-meter-long bridge一座20米长的桥

2．名词作定语

They are women pilots.她们是女飞行员。

(1)woman，man作定语时，当所修饰词为单数时，它们用单数；当所修饰词为复数时，它们用复数，但boy，girl一律用单数。

(2)名词作定语时，一般用单数，但某些常用复数的词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数。如：arms production武器生产；clothes shop服装商店；sales department营业部。

3．代词作定语

His proposal is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑。

Whose book is this？这是谁的书？

4．数词作定语

The sun is 93,000,000 miles away.

太阳离我们九千三百万公里。

基数词作定语可以后置。

the year 2008,2008年

Room 315,315房间。

5．副词作定语

She met me on her way home.她在回家的路上碰到我。

副词作定语通常后置。

the window above上面的窗户

the helicopter outside外面的直升飞机

6．介词短语作定语

We’ll have a report on current affairs on Sunday morning.我们周日上午要听形势报告。

7．不定式(短语)作定语

That’s the teaching plan for you to discuss. 这就是供你讨论的那份教学计划。

不定式作定语表示将来的动作，且不定式作定语要后置；或者修饰其前有序数词的名词。

Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese to walk in space. 翟志刚是第一个在太空行走的中国人。

There are many problems to deal with. 有许多问题要解决。

8．v.-ing形式作定语

a rising sun一颗冉冉升起的太阳

(1)v.-ing作定语，一个词时放在名词前，短语作定语要后置。

the woman living in the next door住在隔壁的女人

(2)v.-ing式作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作。

a crying child一个在哭泣的孩子

(3)v.-ing式作定语表示名词的功能。

a walking stick拐杖

9．过去分词(短语)作定语

fallen leaves落叶

the stolen car那辆被盗汽车

过去分词作定语表被动或已经完成的动作。

boiled water开水

10．从句作定语

引导定语从句的词有关系代词who，whom，whose，that，as，which及关系副词when，

where，why。

The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.无家可归的人数达到25万。

This is the girl whose father is a professor. 这就是那个女孩，她父亲是个教授。

China is a developing country，as is known to all. 众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 那就是他为什么那么早就离开的原因。

1．(福建高考)With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n) ________way of reaching target customers. A．temporary

C．accurate

B．complex

D．efficient 解析：选D

考查形容词辨析。句意：随着网上购物变得越来越流行，网络被看作是一种吸引目标顾客的有效方法。temporary“暂时的”；complex“复杂的”；accurate“准确的”；efficient“有效的，效率高的”。由increasingly popular“越来越受欢迎”可知，网络是一种吸引目标顾客有效的(efficient)方法。

2．(山东高考)There’s a note pinned to the door ________ when the shop will open again.

A．saying C．said

B．says

D．having said 解析：选A

考查非谓语动词。句意：钉在门上的一张便条上写着商店何时再开张。根据语境可知所填词要作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看，note与say之间是主动关系，所以选A项，在此用现在分词作后置定语。

3．(浙江高考)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her. A．to appoint C．appointed

B．appointing

D．having appointed 解析：选C

考查非谓语动词。句意：身残的阿米·萨蒙，在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appointed在此充当后置定语，修饰前面的nurse, appoint与nurse之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。

4．(重庆高考)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year. A．which

B．where

C．when

D．what 解析：选A

考查定语从句。因为先行词指物，又因为从句的动词set缺少必要的宾语，所以只能选A项；D项在从句中虽然可以作宾语但是不能引导定语从句。

5．(江苏高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must. A．which C．as

B．when

D．where 解析：选D

考查定语从句。本题的先行词是work，使用关系副词where 引导定语从句，在从句中充当状语，相当于in which。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．The doctor did all ________he could to save the wounded soldier. A．which C．不填

B．what

D．about 解析：选C

定语从句为he could，省去了动词do。其先行词为all，应用关系代词that，不能用which。由于是作he could do的宾语，that被省略。

2．Many students signed up for the ________race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A．800-metre-long C．800 metre length

B．800-metres-long

D．800 metres length 解析：选A

题意为：许多学生都报名参加下周运动会中的800米赛跑。“数词－单数名词－形容词”构成复合形容词，可用来作定语修饰名词。

3．He hasn’t slept at all for three days.________he is tired out. A．There is no point C．It is no wonder

B．There is no need

D．It is no way 解析：选C

it is no wonder...难怪……；不奇怪……；there is no way...不可能……，……没门儿；there is no point...……没用，……无用的；there is no need...……没有必要。

4．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers. A．to solving；making C．to solve；making

B．to solving；made

D．to solve；made 解析：选B

本题考查介词和分词短语作定语。

5．My wife has planted some________ roses in our garden. A．little red beautiful

B．beautiful red little

C．red little beautiful

D．beautiful little red 解析：选D

根据形容词作定语的排列顺序，限定→描绘→大长高→形状→年龄和新老→颜色→国籍→材料→作用→类别，可知三词的排列顺序应为beautiful(描绘)→little(大小)→red(颜色)。

6．The actress had never experienced such a situation，________she was surrounded and questioned by many reporters. A．when C．which

B．where

D．that 解析：选B

situation作“情形，形势”讲时，是表地点的抽象名词，且后面定语从句中缺状语，因此应选能用作地点状语的关系副词where。

7．There are 500________in my shoe factory. A．woman workers C．women workers

B．women worker

D．women’s workers 解析：选C

man与woman作定语时比较特殊，若修饰复数名词时，man与woman也变为复数。

8．He accepted the money given by the government with great________. A．gratitude C．gratefully 解析：选A

with gratitude感激地。

9．(北京高考)There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A．solving C．being solved

B．solved

D．to be solved

B．grateful

D．thankful 解析：选D

考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前仍旧有很多问题需要解决。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事，应用不定式形式，同时solve和problems之间为动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选D项。

10．Close the window，please.It is ________ cold. A．freeze C．freezing

B．frozen

D．froze 解析：选C

freezing用作副词，freezing cold非常冷。

Ⅱ.完形填空

Growing up is not always easy.When facing difficulties，courage and a spirit of independence can be more useful than crying for __1__！That’s what Hong Zhanhui’s story of __2__boy to man

with family hardships tells us. Hong was born in 1982 in a poor family in Xihua County，Henan Province.When he was __3__11，his father became mentally ill and one day came back with an abandoned baby girl.A year later，Hong’s mother and younger brother both __4__home because of poverty and pressure from his sick father. Their burdens fell onto the 12-year-old’s shoulders：to treat his father’s illness，to __5__the adopted sister Chenchen，and to go on to study. Hong didn’t __6__.Since a young age，he has worked in part-time jobs to feed his family.At the same time，he has studied at college.To take care of Chenchen，he worked hard to __7__ a room near his campus for her，and send her to school. After Hong’s story went public，people were __8__to tears by his unselfishness.Hard __9__his life was，Hong didn’t abandon his father and the adopted __10__，because they needed his help.With his hard-won money，he even aided other students __11__against misfortunes. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness，Hong’s deeds __12__us of what we usually neglect：love and care for others.Without these，__13__of us could survive. Hong __14__ donations from others.He said he felt encouraged by kind offers，but he could __15__ his own work.Short of money to buy food，the boy climbed tall trees to get birds’

eggs for his baby sister.He walked two hours at weekends to buy different things to __16__ around his school to earn money.Through his hard life，the boy developed __17__against misfortune that made him a hero in people’s eyes. Hong’s story shows that with love and willpower，no hardship can __18__a person but himself.So when facing difficulties，don’t __19__ about bad luck.Consider what more you could do for your family and society __20__ you’ll find the world smiling back. 1．A．money

C．clothes

B．food

D．help 解析：选D

一面对困难当然是哭着寻求帮助了。

2．A．caring C．moving

B．growing

D．turning 解析：选B

由后文的to man可知这里指的是洪战辉从一个成长中的男孩到一个男子汉的经历。

3．A．only C．ever

B．already

D．still 解析：选A

only说明他的年龄小，只有12岁。

4．A．stayed

B．went

C．sold

D．left 解析：选D

由下文的生活重担落在了洪战辉的肩上可知，母亲带着弟弟离开了贫穷的家。

5．A．bring up C．stick to

B．turn to

D．devote to 解析：选A

bring up“养育，抚育”，洪战辉担起了抚养妹妹的任务。

6．A．give away C．run out

B．give up

D．turn down 解析：选B

尽管困难，但是不放弃(give up)。

7．A．build C．buy

B．rent

D．paint 解析：选B

为了照顾妹妹，他租了学校附近的一间房子。rent租用，租借。

8．A．encouraged C．inspired

B．moved

D．made 解析：选B

moved to tears“感动地流泪了”。

9．A．as C．unless

B．because

D．while 解析：选A

as“尽管”引导让步状语从句，而且倒装。

10．A．brother C．sister

B．daughter

D．uncle 解析：选C

由上文可知是他的养妹。

11．A．struggling C．standing

B．leaning

D．turning 解析：选A

struggle against“与……抗争”，帮助其他同学与misfortune抗争。

12．A．left C．reminded

B．remembered

D．told 解析：选C

remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事。而tell sb.of sth.给某人讲述某事，显然是C符合语境。

13．A．any one C．none

B．every one

D．no one 解析：选C

没有关心和爱护，任何人都不可能生存下去。no one不和of连用。

14．A．threw away C．gave off

B．turned out

D．turned down 解析：选D

turned down“拒绝”；threw away“扔掉”；turned out“结果是；生产”；

gave off“发出”，由下文没有钱可知他拒绝了捐款。

15．A．depend on C．refer to

B．stick to

D．turn to 解析：选A

depend on依靠自己的工作。

16．A．show C．sell

B．eat

D．share 解析：选C

为了挣点钱，他周末去很远的地方买来东西，在校园里卖。

17．A．a chance C．a spirit

B．an ability

D．a belief 解析：选B

developed an ability against misfortune培养了抵抗不幸的能力。

18．A．bury C．win

B．defeat

D．knock 解析：选B

拥有爱和意志力，没有任何事情能把自己打倒。

19．A．worry C．complain

B．care

D．joke 解析：选C

complain about“抱怨”。

20．A．and C．while

B．when

D．until 解析：选A

祈使句加and句型，表示顺承关系。