Grammar教学设计方案

高三英语定语从句复习教学方案设计

定语从句复习的总体目标

1.

复习总结定语从句的基本语法规则。

2.

掌握定语从句的特殊用法及其应用。

一.

定语从句复习的重点：

1．定语从句连接词的基本用法。

2．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。

3．关系代词that的特殊用法。

二.

定语从句复习的难点：

1．

关系副词的用法。

2．

定语从句与其它从句的区别。

3．

定语从句的应用。

三.

定语从句的复习思路

(一)

定语从句的基本语法规则

1．定语从句的功能。

riddles 1. It’s a kind of animal , which is our national treasure.

2. It is a kind of household appliances that can keep food fresh. 3. It’s a kind of red flowers, which can represent love. 4. It’s a country, where there is the largest population in the world. 5. It’s a festival, when people can play jokes on each other. Summary：定语从句的功能是描述人和物

2.连接词的基本用法

Examples: The e-mail that / which

Michael sent to me was about the schedule for tomorrow’s meeting. The parcel which / that arrived just now was for Professor Smith. Do you know Jack’s father who / that happens to be working in your company. David is a student who / whom / that you can safely depend on. The tourist wanted to book a room whose / of which the window faces south.

These photos reminded the old man of the past when / in which he served in the army. This is a lab where

/

in which

the famous scientist spent most of his life doing experiments. No one knows the reason why the professor got so angry this morning. I will never forget the day

on which we met. I don’t know the person to whom he is speaking. Summaries：

1>

关系代词：

主格

宾格

所有格

指代人

Who

that

Whom

who

that

Whose

指代物

Which

that

Which

that

Whose / of which

注：1. 关系代词为宾语时可以省略。

2. 关系代词紧跟在介词后，只能使用whom或which。

2>关系副词：在从句中充当状语

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When（时间）:in which, on which 等

where（地点）: in which , on which等

why（原因）: for which

3> whose 的用法

a. 在从句中充当定语，既可指人也可指物

b. 指物，可以用of which代替

Consolidation: Mozart was a famous musician whose childhood was miserable. The lonely man lived in a house whose /

of which the windows/ the windows of which

faced south. 3. 非限制性定语从句与定语从句的区别

Examples: A Tale of Two Cities,

which I borrowed from the library yesterday, is a very touching novel. David, who is one of my best friends, comes from New York. Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be. (职业后用which )

Summaries：

1>. 非限制性定语从句不作限定性描述，只是作为补充说明，即使省略不会使该名词意义产生歧义。

2>. 非限制性定语从句与被说明的名词之间有逗号隔开.

3>. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词如下：

主格

宾格

所有格

指代人

who Whom

who

whose 指代物

Which

Which

Whose

of which

4>. 非限制性定语从句可以指代整个主句,

连接词只可用which或as

Which与as的区别

Examples: As we all know, he studies very hard.

The bridge is really wonderful , as is shown in the picture.

He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. As is known /reported/ expected/ mentioned / accepted

/ often the case Summaries: a. as: 翻译为“正如”;用于句首或句中;主动或被动，

b. which: 翻译为“这”；用于句中；主动，

4. that的特殊用法

Example: I will tell you something that happened one night. I felt lonely at home, so the only thing that I could do was to see a film, which is very meaningful. Although this is not the first English film that I have ever seen, this is the most moving film that has been shown in the cinema. The things and persons that I saw in the film will be unforgettable. I can remember almost every scene that appeared in the film. After seeing the film, I have learned a lot. I feel that I am not the person that I used to be. The film is very famous, which is known to us. Do you want to know the name of the film about which I told you just now? Which is the film that you like most ? Summaries：

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1>

先行词前有形容词最高级，序数词（last）或表示强调的词(only/ very/ just/ right) 2>

先行词为不定代词

（all、

much、little、

few、none、some、

something、anything、

everything、nothing）

3>

先行词被every、each、all、any、little 、few、no、some等修饰时

4>

先行词为人和物的词组

5>

引导词在从句中做表语。

6>

句中有which、

who、

注：当先行词是代词he、they或不定代词anyone、those等时,关系代词用who. Consolidation：

Which of his songs that he sang did you like most? Titanic is the best film that I have ever seen. The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. A notebook is the very thing that I’m looking for. All that you want will be yours. He who plays with fire will get burnt in the end. Anybody who can solve the problem will be praised. He remembered every place that he had been to in China. They talked about persons and things that hey remembered in the school. That’s the only step that we can take at the moment. My home village is no longer the place that it used to be .

(二)、定语从句的特殊用法

1.特殊的关系代词

as、than、but Examples: He never hesitates to make

such

criticisms as are considered helpful to others. He bought more English reference books than were needed. There is no mother but loves her child. Summaries: a. such/the same/ +先行词+ as

比较the same ….as 和the same… that的区别

I bought the same coat as he presented to you. （同样的

）

He is the same person that you are looking for. （同一个）

b.比较级+先行词+than c. 否定词+先行词+but (but本身具有否定含义) 2. 特殊的先行词

1>. Way +that/in which/省略

Reading is a good way that we learn English. 2>. case/situation / system+ 关系副词where We need an education system where the roles of teachers should be changed.. We need an education system that is helpful to children. 3>. Occasion + 关系副词when

He was a born sailor and I can’t remember any occasion when

he had any sort of accident with the boat. 3．特殊的句型

He worked till midnight by which time all of his colleagues had left. He arrived at 7, at which time we were having dinner. He worked all day, during which time he didn’t eat anything.

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He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. （三）

难点突破

1.关系副词的用法：

Examples: The day when / on which I met him first was May 1st. I’ll never forget the time which we spent together. He left the city where / in which he lived. America is the country which he has never been to . There are some places in Asia where / in which people are in poverty. Jiaotong University is the school where /to which he was admitted. He put the umbrella in the classroom where he took it.

This is the place where he lived / worked / stayed /went. This is my hometown where / in which people are kind.

Shanghai is the place where/ in which I was born. Summary: 1．将先行词带入从句中，如果先行词前需要介词，连接词就应该使用关系副词。

2．关系副词可用介词加关系代词取代，带介词的选择应根据先行词或从句动词的搭配。

2．不同从句的区别

1>．定语从句与同位语从句的区别

Examples: You’ll tell me the news that you’ve been admitted to key universities.（同位语从句）

You’ll tell me the news that can make me excited. （定语从句）

Summary: 同位语从句：表示先行词的内容；that不可换成which 定语从句：表示先行词的特征；that可换成which 2>.定语从句与状语从句的区别

Example: She kept everything where she could find it. （状语从句）

Shanghai is the place where you spent your childhood. （定语从句）

Summary: 状语从句：没有先行词；where不可换成in which 定语从句：有先行词；where可以换成in which 比较such…as 和such… that 的区别：

Examples: They talked in such simple English that children could understand it . They talked in such simple English as children could understand. Summaries: a. as在从句中充当成分，意思为“这样的……如/像”

b. that在从句中不充当成分,意思为“如此……以至于”

Consolidation：

Children like such books as have lots of illustrations. These books have such beautiful illustrations that children like them very much. 3>. 定语从句与强调结构的区别

It is Shanghai where you were born. It is in Shanghai that you were born.

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It was 1949 when new China was founded. It was in 1949 that new China was founded. It is in Shanghai where you were born that the Expo will be held in 2008. （四）定语从句的应用

1．常考选择题分析

1)．Jane came to settle down in New York in 1995, ______, some time later, she became a middle school teacher. A. where

B. when

C. at which

D. that 2). He has lots of friends, but none of _____ are reliable. A. whom

B. them

C. who

D. which

3). Can you solve such problems ___raised by the audience? A. what were

B. as were

C. that were

D. which were 4). Meeting with my uncle was an unforgettable moment, ____ I’ll never forget.

A. in which

B. that

C. who

D. one 5). I shall never forget those days ______ I lived in the army with the soldiers, ______ has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which

B. when; which

C. when; that

D. which; that 6). It is in the very factory __________ we worked last year _____we will work for two days next month. A. that ; that

B. where ;which C. which; where

D. where; that

2.定语从句在中译英中的应用。

Examples: 1)

乐于助人的人有责任心。

Those who are ready to help others have responsibility . 2)

他迟到的原因是他起晚了。

The reason why he was late was that he got up late. 3)

去年他回到了自己出生和成长的地方。

Last year he returned to the place where he was born and brought up. More practice: 1). 她当时没有意识到自己犯了一个多么严重的错误。（aware）

She was not aware of what a serious mistake she had made at that time. 2). 不愿听取别人建议的人一定会以失败告终。（end）

Those who are unwilling to take / follow others’ advice / suggestions are sure to end up in failure. 3). 你无论给他哪一本书都会使他满意，

这一点很清楚。(which) Whichever book you will give him will satisfy him, which is very clear. 4). 对于学过三四年英语的人来说, 与别人交谈时出些差错是很自然的. (It is natural) It is natural for those who have learned English for three or four years to make some mistakes while talking with others. 5). 使他兴奋的是, 他在山顶上看到了他一生中从未看到过的奇妙景象. (To his…) To his excitement, on the top of the mountain he saw the wonderful view which he had never seen in his life. 6). 他从来没有想到被拒绝的原因是他不会使用电脑. (occur) It never occurred to him that the reason why he was turned down was that he could not use a computer.

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3. 定语从句在作文中的应用。

Example: My colleagues and I went the Moon Lake last Sunday, which is the largest man-made lake in Shanghai. We sat on the lawn by the lake, where the birthday party of a foreign girl was held. After a while, she walked to us to invite us to join in the party, which pleased us greatly. The foreign girl, whose name was Mary, was a lovely girl . We sang and danced together. That was the most pleasant moment that I will never forget. Practice: 1> paragraph writing 描述自己一次难忘的经历。

2> Write a composition. 几乎所有的学生都想上大学，请描述你理想中的大学。

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