Grammar教学设计(第二课时)

Grammar

学习目标

1.语法

who (whom)，which，that，whose引导的定语从句

2.写作

Grammar

关系代词引导的定语从句

观察体验

1．But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night. 2．It was felt in Beijing，which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 3．The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 4．Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 5．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 自我归纳

在复合句中，用以修饰、限定某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有三重作用：(1)连接主句和从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在从句中充当句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，as，whose。

语法精析

关系代词的用法

关系代词

who whom whose which that 指代的先行词

指人

指人

指人或物

指物

指人或物

在从句中所作的成分

主语、宾语、表语

宾语

定语

主语、宾语、表语

主语、宾语、表语

Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

新闻报道

1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

The number of people who lost their homes reached as many as 250,000. 丧失家园的人数多达25万。

2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。

The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。

注意：(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。

The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was John’s brother. 昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。

(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。

He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn. 他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。

3．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school. 她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。

4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 我在报上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。

The report (that) Mr.Turner handed in was about the motor race. 特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。

5．whose的用法

whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。

注意：whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替：

whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，即whose＋名词＝the＋n.＋of which＝of which＋the＋n. The classroom whose_door is broken can hold 40 students. ＝The classroom of_which_the_door is broken can hold 40 students. ＝The classroom

the_door_of_which is broken can hold 40 students. 那间门被弄坏了的教室能容纳40个学生。

This is the person whose_story surprised everybody. 这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。

6．介词＋关系代词

介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择。

方法1：根据定语从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配；

方法2：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。

The man about_whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 在会上和我交谈的那个人来自北京大学。

The man with_whom_you shook hands just now is our headmaster.

刚才和你握手的那个人是我们的校长。

The room in_which my family live used to be a garage. 我们家住得那个房子曾经是个车库。

特别提示

1．关系代词只用that的情况：

(1)先行词为all，little，much，some，everything，nothing，something，anything等不定代词。

(2)先行词被all，little，much，every，no，some 等修饰时。

(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或被the last，the very，the only等修饰时。

(4)先行词为人和物的组合。

(5)若主句是who 或者which引导的疑问句，为了避免重复，关系代词不要再用who，which，而用that。

Music is the_only_thing_that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。

This is the_most_interesting_story_that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的故事。

She described in her composition the_people_and_places_that impressed her most. 她在作文中描述了给她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。

2．关系代词只用which的情况：

(1)关系代词前有介词时。

The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。

(2)在非限制性定语从句中。

Have you ever read the book The

Three

Musketeers，which was written by Alexandre Dumas? 你读过大仲马写的《三个火枪手》吗？

3．用who不用that的情况：

(1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。

Anyone who does that must be mad. 谁那样做都一定是疯了。

(2)当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。

(3)当先行词为指人的those时。

Those who have good manners will be highly respected.

那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。

(4)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。

There is a young man who wants to see you. 有一个年轻人想见你。

使用定语从句的注意事项：

1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。

This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。

He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。

注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况，这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。

He said he was a Frenchman，which was not true. 他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。

2．关系代词的省略。

(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。

(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。

(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。

实践应用

Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或介词＋关系代词填空

1．This is the very novel about_which we’ve talked so much. 2．This is the way that/in_which/不填

he did it. 3．Who is the student that_was late for school today? 4．Who that knows him wants to make friends with him. 5．He lives in the room，whose window faces to the south. 6．Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．The man which I met today told me to come back.which→whom/who/that 2．Some of the girls I invited them did not come.them\__ 3．Children eat much sugar often get bad teeth.在Children和eat中间加上关系词who 4．This is who everyone respects.在who前加上the_person/man等名词

5．Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.has→have Ⅲ.完成句子

1．你知道现在正和你爸爸交谈的那个人是谁吗？

Do you know the man who_was_talking_with_your_father just now? 2．那个眼睛是蓝色的女孩来自英国。

The girl whose_eyes_are_blue is from England. 3．可以做的都已经做好了。

All that can be done has_been_done_. 4．他是这个学校里唯一一个懂法语的老师。

He is the only one of the teachers who_knows_French in our school. 5．大门的两侧坐落着两头石狮子。

There are two stone lions that_are_sitting on each side of the gate.