Listening and vocabulary课堂实录及点评

Module 5

Great People and Great Invention of Ancient China 教学设计说明

话题介绍

本模块主题是”Great People and Great Invention of Ancient China”，介绍了中国古代哲人孔子、孟子和墨子的生平及其思想主旨。

大思想家、大教育家孔子

孔子（公元前551年──公元前479年），名丘，字仲尼，鲁国人。

孟子(约公元前372～公元前289)，名轲，邹(今山东邹县)人。战国时期伟大的思想家，儒家的主要代表之一。

墨子，姓墨，名翟，鲁国人，后代习惯上尊称为墨子。大约生活在公元前468年至388年间。

Period 1 Reading INTRODUCTION Vocabulary and speaking 和READING AND VOCABULARY合并为第一课时”阅读课。”课文”Philosophers of Ancient China”前两篇属说明文体，介绍了中国古代哲人孔子、孟子和墨子的生平及其思想主旨。

Period 2 Grammar

Period 3 FUNCTION Period 4 Speaking 课本43和47页合并为第二课时”语法课”，学习Relative clauses: of whom, in which。

课本27页为”功能课”，学习如何Giving reasons。

课本46页”Speaking”为

“口语课”，学习how to Discuss the importance of invention。

Period 5 Writing 课本47页是”写作课”，阅读有关”advantages and disadvantages”方面的文章，然后学习写作The advantages and disadvantages of television。

Period 6 CULTURAL 课本49页的CULTURE CORNER 是”文化阅读课”，The Industrial CORNER Revolution，介绍了工业革命，又称产业革命。工业革命指资本主义工业化的早期历程，即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。是以机器取代人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技革命。

Period 7 TASK 课本50页的TASK 是”任务课”，学习用英文Writing about a famous person from ancient China。

Part One Teaching Design 第一部分

教学设计

Period 1

Reading—Philosophers of Ancient China

■Goals

●To learn to read passages with defining relative clauses about Philosophers of Ancient China

To learn to read with strategies ■Procedures

Step 1: Warming up by defining philosopher A philosopher is a person devoted to studying and producing results in philosophy. The word, “philosopher,” literally means “lover of wisdom.”

Warming up by discussing some philosophical sentences from the Analects of Confucius 子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”

The Master said: “Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance ([] 坚定不移)and application? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure ([] 心乱, 狼狈, 不安)

though men

may take no note of him?”

子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”

The Master said: “If a man keeps cherishing

([]怀念；怀有（感情）；抱有（希望）)

his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.”

知之为知之，不知为不知。

When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it.

子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”

The Master said, “Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous ([] 危险的).”

Warming up by learning about Confucianism Scholarly tradition and way of life propagated ([] 繁殖, 传播, 宣传) by Confucius in the 6th–5th century BC and followed by the Chinese for more than two millennia ([] 太平盛世, 千年) (millennium的复数). Though not organized as a religion, it has deeply influenced East Asian spiritual and political life in a comparable manner. The core idea is ren (“humaneness

([]) ,” “benevolence ([])”), signifying excellent character in accord with li (ritual norms), zhong (loyalty to one's true nature), shu (reciprocity ([] 互惠)), and xiao (filial piety). Together these constitute de (virtue). Mencius, Xunzi, and others sustained Confucianism, but it was not influential until Dong Zhongshu emerged in the 2nd century BC. Confucianism was then recognized as the Han state cult ( [] 礼拜, 祭仪, 一群信徒, 礼拜式), and the Five Classics became the core of education. In spite of the influence of Daoism and Buddhism, Confucian ethics have had the strongest influence on the moral fabric of Chinese society. A revival of Confucian thought in the 11th century produced Neo-Confucianism, a major influence in Korea during the Choson dynasty (朝鲜王朝

(1392～1910))

and in Japan during the Tokugawa ([] 德川(创建日本德川幕府的德川家族)) period.

Step 2: Before you read Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling. Step 3: While you read

1. Type of writing and summaries of Philosophers of Ancient China Philosophers of Ancient China (an exposition writing) Confucius Mencius Mozi Confucius(551 BC－

479 BC) Mencius was a thinker whose Mozi was another teacher who is the philosopher whose teachings were very similar to was very influential. that of Confucius. influence has been the greatest. 2. A diagram of Sandstorms in Asia Philosophers of Ancient China Confucius

stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.

Mencius

believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. Mozi

taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.

3. Complete the article with one word in each blank In ancient China states were often at _1_ with each other. But ancient China has also produced many great philosophers. Confucius stressed the _2_ of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these _3_ for more than 2,000 years. Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to _4_ of Confucius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is _5_. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people _6_ more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly. Mozi founded the _7_

called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. Mozi _8_ that all men were equal. He hated the idea of war.

Keys: 1 war

2 importance

3 ideas

4 that

5 good

6 were

7 philosophy

8 believed 4. Answer the reading comprehension questions according to the text

1. _____ (551 BC－

479 BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.

A. Mencius

B. Mozi

C. Confucius

D. Laozi 2. _____ was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to that of _____.

A. Confucius, Laozi

B. Mencius , Confucius

C. Mencius, Mozi

D. Mozi, Confucius 3. Why did Mencius resign?

A. Because the ruler was not following his advice.

B. Because he was preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.

C. Because he became an adviser to another ruler.

D. Because he hated the state. 4. Mozi became famous for _____his unusual clothes and behaviour.

A. his old age

B. his unusual clothes and behaviour

C. Mohism

D. behaviour Keys: 1-4 CBAB Step 4: After you read 1. Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book. If possible, make your own sentences with these expressions.

Useful expressions from Philosophers of Ancient China ancient China, at war with…, stress the importance of…, in society, for more than 2,000 years, be very similar to…, be born in, be brought up by…, Confucius’ ideas, be given an important position, in the government of a state, follow one’s advice, teach the principles of …, spend one’s last years preparing a book of one’s teachings, treat people badly, come from a family of, unusual clothes and behavior, find the philosophy, in some ways, one’s idea of love, look after

Sentences made with expressions from Module 5 .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

0.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1. Ancient China is a great country.

2. Japan was at war with China then. 3. My teacher stresses the importance of reading aloud in learning English. 4. There are always some things bad in society. 5. For more than 2,000 years this country was ruled under a foreign ruler. 6.

Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.

7. He was born in 500 BC. 8. She was brought up by her grandmother.

9. Confucius’ ideas

are useful to China’s present development. 10. He wants to be given an important position in the school. 11. There are some good workers in the government of this state.

12. If you follow my advice, you will be successful in your English learning. 13. Mr. Wang teaches the principles of governing a nation. 14. I spent an hour at the station waiting for the train.

15. The government treats its people badly. 16. He came from a family of eight people. 17. His unusual clothes and behavior made it difficult for him to get married. 18. We find the philosophy of the East is in some ways similar to that of the West.

9.

0.

19. I believe in his idea of love. 20. Look after yourself while you’re away. 2. Read to transfer information You are next to draw a diagram of the text. You may retell the text with the help of the diagram. Para.1

Confucius Para. 2 Para. 3 (551 BC－

479 BC) is the Mencius (born in 372 BC)was Mozi

(born in 476 BC) was philosopher whose influence a thinker whose teachings another teacher who was very has been the greatest. were very similar to that of influential. Confucius.

Period 2

Grammar-Defining relative clauses ■Goals

●

To learn about defining relative clauses

■Procedures Step 1: Understanding relative clause A subordinate clause which is introduced by a relative pronoun is often referred to as a relative clause. Defining relative clauses When a relative clause has the function of defining or identifying the object being referred to, the clause is not placed between commas. Such a clause can be called a defining or limiting relative clause.(

限定性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面修饰、限定先行词，它与先行词之间没有逗号，去掉后会影响全句意思的完整性。)

Step 2: Giving examples of relative clauses The people that were here yesterday will return in a month. The newspaper that was on the steps belongs to our neighbor. The books (that) we bought are heavy. The town (that) this road leads to is five miles away. The suitcase which we purchased last week is very strong.

The child who runs the fastest will receive a prize. The boy whom we visited is her nephew. The girl to whom you sold your skis lives in the next block. The woman whose house was sold will retire to the country. The boy (whom) / (that) we saw is her brother. The hat (which)/

(that) you are wearing is rather large. The boy to whom we sent the message was excited. The room to which you will be conducted has beautiful furniture. The room that you will be conducted to has beautiful furniture.

Resources 1. Students may want to know more clearly about the usage of relative pronouns. A table can be used to explain as below: Relative pronouns used in attributive clauses Antecedent persons Subject who/that Object Possessive Note A relative pronoun can be omitted when it is used as things which/that which/that whose/of which the object in an attributive clause 2. To understand attributive clauses better and use them correctly, students should be able to identify which word is the antecedent and know what it functions as in an attributive clause, so they can use a proper relative pronoun to introduce an attributive clause. Here are more examples: The girl who/that is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. The girl (whom/who/that) our teacher is talking with is her daughter. The girl whose mother is from Britain can speak English very well. I can’t find the book which/that is borrowed from the library. I can’t find the book (which/that) you lent to me. Have you read the book whose author/the author of which is a high school student? I used to study in a classroom whose windows/the windows of which were all broken. Sometimes the antecedent can be a pronoun, such as someone/sb., anyone/anybody, everyone/everybody, no one/nobody, sth., anything, everything, nothing, all, those, etc. Step 3: Absorb information concerning National College Entrance Examination 1. Women ____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___ don’t. (2006北京)

A. who; /

B. /; who

C. who; who

D. /; / 2. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (2005 江苏) A. which; where

B. at which; which whom/who/that whose

C. at which; where

D. which; in which 3. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006天津)

A. that

B. which

C. until

D. if 4. In an hour, we can travel to places ____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上海)

A. where

B. when

C. which

D. what 5. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ____ roof is under repair. (2006福建)

A. whose

B. which

C. of which

D. that 6. ---Do you have anything to say for yourselves? (2006江西)

---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on.

A. why

B. where

C. how

D. / 7. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东)

A. where

B. that

C. when

D. which 8. We are living in an age ___ many things are done on computer.

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. when

9. Frank's dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. (2005湖南)

A. that

B. in which

C. by which

D. how

10. Do you still remember the chicken farm ___ we visited three months ago? (2005北京春)

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. what Keys: 1-5CCACA

6-10 DADBC

Period 3

Function—Giving reasons ■Goals

●

To learn to give reasons

■Procedures Step 1: Understanding the difference in use between because, as, since and for

Because is used when the reason is the most important part of the sentence or utterance. The because

clause usually comes at the end: “I went to China last week because

I wanted to learn Chinese.”

As and since are used when the reason is already well known and is therefore usually less important. The

as or since clause is usually placed at the beginning of the sentence:

“As the lesson had already started, we went down to the back of the room and occupied some empty seats there.”

“Since John had already eaten, I made do with a piece of bread.”

For suggests that the reason is given as an afterthought. It is never placed at the beginning of the sentence and is more characteristic of written, rather than spoken English: “I decided to stop reading —

for it was very late and I wanted to go to sleep.”

高考链接

1. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)

A. and

B. for

C. but

D. or 2. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ____ this was a memory she especially treasured. (2006广东)

A. when

B. where

C. as

D. if 3. A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006湖南)

A. so

B. but

C. and

D. for 答案：1-3 BCD Step 2: Understanding the use of where, why and when —relative clauses and preposition use Where, referring to a place, why, referring to a reason, and when, referring to a time, can be used instead of a relative pronoun after a noun：

I'd like to know the reason (why) he decided not to come. February is the month (when) many of my colleagues take skiing holidays. BUT! She always had wanted to go to a place where she could speak her native tongue.

When, where and why are not omitted in non-defining relative clauses：

I come from the universities area, where

many successful universities such as Beida and Qinghua are located, and I often go home during the summer. He likes shopping between one and three, when most people are at home, because of the relative calm. Step 3: Giving reasons using “the reason why…”and “because…”

I didn’t go, because I was afraid.

We must not idle about because it is hot. A mountain is not famous because it is high. I walk to school because I live close to it. Don’t tell me we lost because we are too kind. Don’t hate me because I’m wrong.

Chloe died because we all failed her. You benefit from these offerings just because you belong to our school. Should this school be shut down because it encourages traditional ways of learning? The phone still exists because

it’s a valuable tool.

I vote because I care. The law treats kids differently because kids are different. He intended not to fast because he was going to travel the next week. It is so because it is so. Read this page just because it is fun! I love you because

with you in my life I’m never alone.

Can an employer deny a worker a job because it is pretty sure that the job will be a serious danger to him? The reason why he is ill is that he works too hard. The reason why I like English is that it makes it possible for me to travel around the world. I believe that the reason why English is difficult to learn is that it is pronounced differently from Chinese.

Period 4

Speaking—Discussing the importance of invention ■Goals

●

●

To discuss the importance of invention To talk about philosophers of ancient China ■Procedures Step 1: Listing top ten inventions of the world Here are the most popular inventions researched by our readers.

1) The Telephone

In 1875, Alexander Graham Bell built the first telephone that transmitted electrically the human voice.

2) The History of Computers In 1936 Konrad Zuse built the first freely programmable computer. 3) Television

In 1884, Paul Nipkow sent images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology with 18 lines of resolution.

4) The Automobile In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was invented by French mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot.

5) The Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin on March 14, 1794.

6) The Camera Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre is considered the inventor of the first practical process of photography in 1837. 7) The Steam Engine James Watt improved Newcomen’s design and invented what is considered the first modern steam engine in 1765. 8) The Sewing Machine The first functional sewing machine was invented by the French tailor, Barthelemy Thimonnier, in 1830.

9) The Light Bulb In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison invented a carbon filament that burned for forty hours. 10) Penicillin

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

Inventions of the Millennium, a Top Ten List 10 The Telescope. (1608); 9 The Microscope. (1590’s or early 1600’s); 8 The PET scan. (Improved over many years from 1938-1975); 7 The Laser (1960); 6 The Computer. (1822); 5 The Transistors (Bell Labs, 1947); 4 The World Wide Web (Berners-Lee 1991); 3 The Steam Engine (Savery, 1698; Newcomen, 1712; Watt, 1765); 2 The mechanical clock (13th Century); 1 The Gregorian Calendar (1582)

Transportation Inventions----

The Locomotive (1804); The Car (1885); The Airplane (1903); Radar (1935)

Communication Inventions--- Radio (1896); Motion pictures (1891); Movable Type Printing (1450); TV (1923) Medicine---- Vaccination (1796); Anesthetics (1844, 1846); Syringe (1646); Stethoscope (1816) Farming, Food and Daily Life--- Cotton Gin (1793); Electric Light (1878); Telephone (1876); Fax Machine (1902, 1913); Air Conditioning (1902); Electric Hair Dryer (1902)

Step 2: Discussing the importance of each of the invention I think penicillin is more useful than the light bulb because penicillin saves lives. I think the light bulb is more useful than the Sewing Machine

because the light bulb gives light to the world. I think the Sewing Machine is more useful than the Steam Engine because the Sewing Machine makes clothing which dresses man. I think the Steam Engine is more useful than the Camera because the Steam Engine makes the ships go around the world. I think the Camera is more useful than the Cotton Gin because the Camera takes pictures of all that are in the world. I think the Cotton Gin is more useful than the Automobile because the Cotton Gin makes cloth out of cotton. I think the automobile is more useful than television because the automobile takes people and things to all the places they are expected to go. I think television is more useful than computers because television brings what is happening in the world to you at home. I think computer is more useful than the telephone because computer makes it possible for man to do almost anything he wants to do. Step 3: Talking about philosophers of ancient China A: I am Confucius. I was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC. B: I am Mencius. I was born in 372 BC.

C: And I am Mozi, another teacher who is said to be influential, too. I was born in 476 BC. A: People say that my philosopher has exercised the greatest influence towards Chinese civilization. B: I am a thinker, and my teachings are very similar to that of Confucius. C: I founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, my beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. A: I think the importance of kindness, duty and order in society can never be stressed enough.

B: I believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. C: My idea of love is different from the Confucian idea of kindness. I teach that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. A: People say that Chinese society has been influenced by my ideas for more than 2,000 years. B: I believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly. C: I believed that all men were equal. I hated the idea of war. I died in 390 BC.

Period 5

Writing—The advantages and disadvantages of television ■Goals

●To read the essay The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cars ●To write an essay The advantages and disadvantages of television

■Procedures Step 1: Reading the essay The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cars You are to read the short essay The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cars, and find out its organization. …were first used at… Today…

…have great advantages…

But…have great disadvantages…

In conclusion, I think…

Step 2: Writing an essay

Sample essay 1: The advantages and disadvantages of television In 1930, Charles Jenkins broadcasts the first TV commercial. In the same year, the BBC begins regular TV transmissions. In 1933 Iowa State University starts broadcasting twice weekly television programs in cooperation with radio station WSUI. Televisions have three great advantages: 1. Most people watch television. 2. “A picture is worth a thousand words.” 3. Events can be shown as they really happen.

But televisions have great disadvantages. It cost lots of money to buy the TV set, and also lots of money to pay for the watching. Watching TV takes much time. Many students spend so much time watching TV that their schooling is affected. In conclusion, I think that televisions are useful because keeping pace with the world happening is so easy with a television set. But the time spent on watching TV is too much to cause troubles to our studies and communication among family members.

Sample essay 2: Advantages and disadvantages of watching TV Television is very popular nowadays. It is the most common source of getting information from the world. Nearly every human have access to a TV. There are a lot of both advantages and disadvantages of watching TV. Beginning from the first one, we know what is going on all over the world. We know the weather forecast. We can see important events “live”, especially sports events, for example: football matches, ski jumps, tennis matches etc. TV also presents lots of scientific programs and nature movies as well. Thus people can increase their knowledge about the surrounding us world. Educational programs are also watched by a lot of people, because they teach us how to do different useful things. And that is all for advantages of watching TV. For me a TV-set it is useless thing and definitely it should be subsided with a computer. It is also a device that wastes our time. Lots of young women watch soap operas which is really pointless. On TV there are also other movies, which present violence and should not be watched by children and some of them even by adults. TV is also harmful for our eyesight and I think that is the main reason that people should reduce watching TV.

All examples have given above are important, but the most important is our health and everybody should agree with this opinion.

Sample essay 3: Television— advantages and disadvantages In our days many people speak about television: some said it's doing a lot of harm; other said that nobody makes you watch TV. But television is a great amount of information and has got its advantages and disadvantages. I think we must watch TV to be well informed. It gives wonderful possibilities for education. Besides, there is a considerable variety of programs. We can choose what we want to see. Television brings the world to our living room. We see people in our country and in other lands, and learn of their customs, occupations, opinions and problems. We become better informed by watching documentaries, science programs, discussions and by learning about the most important economic, social and political issues of the day. We see great events, which will pass into history. We can see famous people. We become more cultured people by learning more of the arts. So television has many advantages, but there are bad sides too. Some pupils do their homework in front of the television screen. Others rush their homework so they can watch television. In either case, the quality of the work is affected. Some pupils are so attracted by television that they do not do their homework at all. Some children have made watching TV their main leisure activity and they are not enriching their personalities by developing hobbies and belonging to clubs. Television may lead to poor health, through rushed meals, lack of sleep, lack of exercise and eyestrain. Many children no longer read books. This will seriously affect their performance in higher forms, for reading is the key to all higher study, and needs constant practice. As for me, television enriches our intellect, gives us opportunities to see the best actors and performances, to hear the latest news, to listen to political discussions. And in my opinion TV is a great force in the world.

Sample essay 4: Advantages and Disadvantages of Watching TV From my point of view, television is a great source of various news and knowledge showing aspects

of our lives.

I think we can divide watching TV to situations when it is useful and helpful for us and unfortunately harmful. I will start from good points. I can only say that I usually get useful information from this kind of mass media. Some programs really deserve our attention. The good point of TV is its constant expansion of possibilities of showing programs. Within a space of year digital TV has appeared. It brought more interactive functions, so we are capable of interfering in action (for instance, maybe in a future we will be able to move a camera in the movie), doesn’t it sound good?

Now you do not have to be a passive viewer – at last. Of course, only in a specific dimension, now. It is clear that we have to pay for these extra options, but it should not be a hindrance. We ought not to forget that TV has an extraordinary level. For example: If you dream of journey around the world to see many countries with a lot of attractions, I suggest taking your remote control and press an appropriate button. After this you move into exotic beauty. You can watch animals and the greatest monuments; let’s see…National Geographic Channel? It will take you wherever you want to go. But if you have enough money, throw away your TV-SET, and take a plane to visit these places.

I do not want to write it (As far as I am concerned TV is my ally), but I have to speak about bad points of TV. It is really necessary, even though a few people worry about it. So what do we have here?

To begin with, we should mention problems caused by unsuitable programs especially for children (also X-rated, huh, huh). I think that parents have to supervise children’s TV watching, because when they grow up, they are incredibly susceptible to everything which surrounds them. As a result of that, they can get into addiction (by the way, do you remember Robert Palmer’s song “You are addicted to Love”? I am sure it is a good addiction. Instead of having eyes glued to the TV screen, they should play in the open air.

In conclusion, I would like to add, that nowadays TV is indispensable. I foresee that by the year 2010 there will be a new kind of TV which can be used to watch programs and to communicate with people.

Working from home: advantages and disadvantages

Working from home can have many advantages. You may find it helps you to: ●

●

●

●

●

●

●

save on start up costs, as you do not need premises save time that would be spent on looking for suitable property

avoid becoming tied into long tenancy agreements

arrange work around family commitments

get help from family, e.g. they may help you with filing or general administration tasks

save on time and money spent traveling to work

avoid noise and distractions of the workplace

However, there are disadvantages too. You may find you have trouble with: ●

●

●

●

separating home and work life

the initial expense of setting up

domestic distractions and interruptions

isolation/loneliness

Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Work Disadvantages Active Participation--you must interact with members; Decreased Individual Accountability--decisions based upon group consensus; Continuous Communication--to prevent domineering or “free ride” members

Advantages Self-esteem; Social Skills; Appreciation of Subject Matter; Multi-ethnic Relationships; Higher Order Thinking Skills; Information Processing; Student Satisfaction with the Course; Student Retention; Student Achievement

Period 6

CULTURE CORNER—The Industrial Revolution ■

Goals ●To read to know about the industrial revolution

■Procedures

Step 1: Before you read Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the

relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling. Step 2: While you read Cut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives. Step 3: After you read Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book. You may make sentences with these expressions. Useful expressions from The Industrial Revolution In Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, an important change, in society, until then, a farming society, with the Industrial Revolution, mass production, for the first time, in towns, as a result, the population of towns and cities, the main energy source, during the Industrial Revolution, be used in mines, be used in factories and on the railways, become more powerful, leave the countryside, work in the city, lived in poor and crowded conditions, from 1830 to the early 20th century, spread through Europe and the US

Step 4: Talking about the Industrial Revolution

A: Do you know that, in Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, there was an important change in society? B: Yes, I do. That change is called the “Industrial Revolution”.

A: Could you tell me more about that? B: I am glad to. Until the second half of the eighteenth century Europe had been a farming society.

A: How did factories appear? B: With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.

A: Where were factories built? B: They were built in towns. A: Did the population of towns and cities greatly increase? Greatly? B: Yes, it did. A: How did these changes become possible? B: They became possible because of inventions such as the steam engine.

A: When was it invented? B: It was invented in 1769. A: Who was it invented by? B: It was invented by James Watt.

A: Was it the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution, wasn’t it?

B: Yes, it was. A: Where was the steam engine first used? B: It was first used in mines, but it was soon used in factories and on the railways. A: I guess during the Industrial Revolution, factory owners became more powerful than land owners, didn’t they?

B: Yes, they did. A: Where did the factory workers come? B: Thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city. A: What were their lives like? B: Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.

A: When and how was the Industrial Revolution developed? B: From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan.

Period 7

TASK—Writing about a famous person from ancient China ■Goals

●

To learn to write about famous persons ■Procedures

Step 1: Surfing the internet for related information about Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) Qin Shi Huang

Ancestral name (姓): Ying (嬴)

Clan name (氏): Zhao (赵),or Qin (秦) Given name (名): Zheng (政) King of the State of Qin Dates of reign: July 247 BC–221 BC Official title: King of Qin (秦王) Emperor of Qin Dynasty Dates of reign: 221 BC–Sept. 10, 210 BC Official name: First Emperor (始皇帝) Step 2: Writing about Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇) Youth and King of Qin: the conqueror （走向皇位的秦始皇）

At the time of the young Zheng's birth, China was divided into warring feudal states. This period of Chinese history is referred to as the Warring States Period. The competition was extremely fierce and by 260 BC there were only a handful of states left (the others having been conquered and annexed), but Zheng's state, Qin, was most powerful. It was governed by Legalist philosophy and focused earnestly military matters.

Zheng ascended the throne in 247 BC at the age of 12 and a half, and was king under a regent(摄政者) until 238 BC when at the age of 21 and a half he staged(筹备) a palace coup(政变) and assumed full power. He continued the tradition of tenaciously(顽强地) attacking and defeating the feudal states and finally took control of the whole of China in 221 BC by defeating the last independent Chinese state, the State of Qi.

Then in that same year, at the age of 38, the king of Qin proclaimed himself First Emperor. Step 3: Surfing the internet for related information about Emperor Taizu of Song 宋太祖

赵匡赢

Emperor Taizu of Song China

Birth and death: Mar. 21, 927–Nov. 14, 976 Family name: Zhao (赵) Given name: Kuangyin (匡胤) the on

Courtesy name (字): Yuanlang (元朗) Dates of reign: Feb. 4, 960¹–Nov. 14, 976 Dynasty: Song (宋) Temple name: Taizu (太祖) Step 4: Writing about Emperor Taizu of Song 宋太祖

赵匡赢

Emperor Taizu of Song 宋太祖

赵匡赢

Emperor Taizu (March 21, 927 - November 14, 976), born Zhao Kuangyin, was the founder of the Song Dynasty of China, reigning from 960 to 976.

His family was of fairly modest origins and cannot be traced back certainty further than the late Tang dynasty. Zhao Kuangyin had little interest in a Classical education and joined the military eventually rising to be the commander of the Palace Army in Later Zhou empire. was this post that enabled him to rise to power. The last competent Later Zhou Emperor, Shizong (r. 954-960) died leaving an infant boy on It with the throne. Zhao Kuangyin, as the commander of the Emperor's guard, allegedly reluctantly and only at the urging of his soldiers, took power in a coup.

Song Taizu reunited China after years of fragmentation（分裂）

and rebellion after the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907. He was remembered for, but not limited to, his reform of the examination system whereby entry to the bureaucracy favoured individuals who demonstrated academic ability rather than by birth. He also created political institutions that allowed a great deal of freedom of discussion and thought, which faciliated the growth of scientific advance, economic reforms as well as achievements in arts and literature. He is perhaps best known for weakening the military and so preventing anyone else rising to power as he did.

He reigned for 16 years and died in 976 at the age of 49.