Using LanguageⅠ优秀教学设计

Unit 5 Enjoy novels-语法篇

独立主格结构

1. 构成: 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词, 不定式, 名词, 代词, 形容词, 副词或介词短语)构成, 在语法上是一个独立的短语, 不是句子, 在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下: (1) 名词(代词) + 现在分词, 过去分词

(2) 名词(代词) + 形容词

(3) 名词(代词) + 副词

(4) 名词(代词) + 不定式

(5) 名词(代词) + 介词短语

2. 独立主格结构的特点: (1) 独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句, 可表示时间, 原因, 条件, 行为方式或伴随情况; (2) 独立主格结构可置于句首, 也可以放在句尾; (3) 独立主格结构主要用于书面语; (4) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中的语法主语不同, 不指同一个人或同一事物; (5) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; (6) 名词或代词与后面的分词, 形容词, 副词, 不定式, 介词等是主谓关系; (7) 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开

(8) 过去分词表示被动，逻辑主语承受动作；分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。

e.g. 1) The test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

2) The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

3) Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

4) He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

5) He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

3. with 的复合结构作独立主格

表伴随时, 既可用分词的独立结构, 也可用with的复合结构。其结构如下:

(1) with + 名词/代词宾格

+ 介词短语

(2) with + 名词/代词宾格

+ 分词

(3) with + 名词/代词宾格

+ 不定式

(4) with + 名词/代词宾格

+ 形容词/副词

(5) with + 名词/代词宾格

+ 名词

e.g. 1) The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.

2) The classroom is very bright with all the lights turned on.

3) I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do.

4) Don’t talk with your mouth full.

5) He fought the tiger with a stick as his only weapon.

4. 独立主格结构的句法功能

(1) 作时间状语

e.g. The meeting over, they left the hall. (2) 作原因状语

e.g. My watch having been lost, I didn’t know what time it was. (3) 作条件状语

e.g. Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you. (4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明

e.g. Mary entered the room, with a big apple in her hand.

He stood there, with his hands in his pockets.

1.

____________ her father, the little girl ran to him, her schoolbag ________ behind her. A. Seeing; flying

B. Seen; flown

C. To see; to fly

D. Seeing; was flying 解析: 第一空相当于when the little girl saw her father, 其可改为seeing her father;第二空考查独立主格结构做伴随状语。

答案: A 2. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________ them.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows 解析: 句意“这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们”。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除D。在with复合结构中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语their pet dog与follow是主动关系，排除C。A项不定式表示将要发生的事情，不符合题意。

答案: B

3. All his time________ the local people out of poverty, he has no time for his sick mother. A. devoting to helping

B. devoted to helping C. devoting to help

D. devoted to help 解析: devote 和time是被动关系，所以要用过去分词作逻辑谓语构成独立主格结构。devote…to doing sth.把、、、、、、投入到做某事上。句意“他把所有的时间都投入到了帮助当地人摆脱贫困上面了，没有时间顾及他生病的母亲。

答案: B 4. The party will be held in the garden, weather ____________ (permit). 解析: 句意“如果天气允许，派对将会在花园里举行”。考查非谓语动词作状语。逗号前为一个完整的句子，逗号之后应该为，分析句子结构可知此处为独立主格结构。名词weather 与permit之间

为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。

答案: permitting 5. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some __________(have) a life span of around 20 years. 解析：句意“蝙蝠是一种寿命长得惊人的生物，一些蝙蝠的寿命可长达约20年”。题干中并没有从属连词或并列连词，设空处应为非谓语动词，

some having a life span of around 20 years 位独立主格结构作状语。

答案: having 6. We ________(arrive)there, the sun was rising in the east. 解析：考查独立主格结构。根据句子结构可知逗号前应是状语，不能是句子。故用独立主格结构。

答案：

arriving 7. All things _________(consider), her suggestion is of greater value than yours. 解析：考查独立主格结构。此处all things 是逻辑主语，considered是过去分词，意为“被考虑”。

答案：

considered 8. He got up late and hurried to his office, _________(leave) the breakfast untouched. 解析：句意“他起晚了，然后匆忙赶到办公室，早饭根本没动”。考查非谓语动词作状语。根据句子结构可知此处用现在分词leaving作结果状语。

答案：

leaving

基础演练

一. 单选

1. The thief stood before the policeman，__________ admitting what he had done．

A. with his drooping head

B. drooping his head

C. raising his head

D. with his head down

2. __________，he can't go out for a walk as usual．

A. With so much work to do

B. With so much work doing

C. With so much work done

D. Without so much work to do

3. It's quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth __________ and his eyes __________．

A. closed；open

B. closed；opened

C. closing；open

D. closing；opening

4. All things __________，the plan trip will have to be called off．

A. be considered

B. considered

C. considering

D. having considering

5. __________，we have to get down to business right away．

A. As there was no time left

B. There is no time left

C. There being no time left

D. There to be no time left

6. __________ yesterday，we went out for a walk．

A. As a fine day

B. It was a fine day

C. It being a fine day

D. For it was a fine day

7. The old man stood there，__________．

A. with back against the wall

B. with his back against the wall

C. with back against wall

D. his back against wall

二. 用独立主格结构改写下列句子。

1. The girl left the office and there were tears in her eyes.

2. Since there was no bus, we had to walk home. 3. The soldier entered the room and his nose was red with cold. 4. If all things are considered, I think we ought to give the job to Mike. 5. The thief was brought to the police station and his hands were tied to the back. 6. We set out for the cave and a native villager acted as our guide. Keys：

一. 1—5 DAABC 6—7 CB 二. 1. The girl left the office, tears in her eyes.

2. There being no bus, we had to walk home. 3. The soldier entered the room, his nose red with cold. 4. All things considered, I think we ought to give the job to Mike. 5. The thief was brought to the police station, his hands tied to the back. 6. We set out for the cave, a native villager acting as our guide.

巩固提高

1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There was

B. There being

C. Because there being 2. ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.

A. Time permits

B. If time permitting

C. Time permitting

D. Time's permitting 3. _____, we all went home happily.

A. Goodbye was said

B. Goodbye had been said

C. Goodbye said

D. When goodbye said

4. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.

A. It being fine weather

B. It fine weather

C. It was fine weather

D. It being a fine weather

5. ____, the bus started at once.

A. The signal was given

B. The signal giving

C. The signal given

D. When the signal given

6. She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.

A. tears' rolling down

B. tears rolled down

C. with tears rolled down

D. tears rolling down

7. ____, the leaves are turning green.

A. When spring coming on

B. Spring coming on

C. Spring came on

D. Spring being come on 8. _____, I had to buy a new one.

A. My dictionary losing

B. My dictionary having been lost C. My dictionary had been lost

D. Because my dictionary lost 9. I used to sleep with the window _____.

A. opened

B. open

C. opening

D

to open 10. ____, the hunter went into the forest.

A. A gun on shoulder

B. A gun was on his shoulder

C. Gun on shoulder

D. A gun being on shoulder 11. ____ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Through 12. With a lot of work ____, I have to sit up tonight.

A. do

B. doing

C. done

D. to do

13. He stood there silently, his lips_____.

A. trembling

B. trembled

C. were trembling

D. were trembling

14. _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.

A. All things considering

B. All things considered C. All things were considered

D. With all things were considered 15. ______, we will surely succeed.

A. The teacher helping us

B. The teacher to help us

C. The teacher will help us

D. With the teacher helping Keys：

1-5 BCCAC

6-10 DBBBC

11-15 CDABB

1. ____ I attended the meeting instead of him last Monday.

A. He was ill

B. His being ill

C. Him being ill

D. He being ill 2. ____, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.

A. If time permit will

B. Time permits

C. If time permitted

D. Time permitting 3. _____, he drew a conclusion.

A. The experiment

B. The experiment making

C. The experiment having been done

D. The experiment made 4. _____ tomorrow, I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight. A. The exam to be held

B. The exam will hold C. The exam holds

D. The exam holding 5. ______, her paper is of greater value than yours.

A. All things be considered

B. All things considered

C. All things having considering

D. All things considering

6. A new technique ___, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

A. working out

B. having worked out

C. having been worked out

D. to have been worked out

7. The decision ____, the next problem was how to make a good a good plan.

A. having made

B. having been making

C. having been made

D. been made 8. The teacher walked into the classroom ____.

A. with a book in hand

B. hand with a book

C. being with a book in hand

D. to have a book in hand 9. ____ no homework left, the pupils could do whatever they liked.

A. There being

B. There had

C. There to be

D. There having

10. They first came to an agreement on the basic principle, the details ______ later. A. to work it out

B. having been worked out

D. being worked out

C. to be worked out

11. The purse _______, the young man went to the police for help.

A. not yet found

B. hasn’t been found

D. not having yet found

C. being not found

12. _______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A. Other things being equal

B. Were other things equal

C. To be equal to other thing

D. Other things to be equal

13. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.

A. filled

B. filling

C. to fill

D. being filled 14. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.

A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished 15. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ for a meal to be cooked.

A. laid

Keys: 1-5

DDCAB

6-10

CCCAC

11-15

AABBA

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

一. 完型（2015丰台一模）

Though she had been in a coma(昏迷) for nearly six months, it was still a

1

when my grandmother passed away. I was not yet thirteen when she

2

. I’d understood that death awaited her,

B. laying

C. to lay

D. being laid

but in those first moments of knowing, I could not

3

that “eventually” had finally come to pass.

Friends came to the funeral home to pay their last respects to my grandmother and to show their support for my mother. Not

4

where to be or what to do, I stayed off to the side. The

5

finally ended with the arrival of my friend Kelly.

Kelly and I had been friends ever since she was three and I was four. We were “home” friends, the kind who rode bikes together after school, went

6

to a KFC a few blocks away, even though we weren’t allowed to leave the block.

At the funeral home, Kelly came right to me. In her hands were two packages of M&M’s. Kelly knew that was one of my

7

. We had often taken long trips to the store for

8

. We sat in the back, eating M&M’s and talking quietly. A

9

experience had suddenly become easier to bear, with a childhood offering of chocolates and the

10

of a devoted friend. Trying to come up with something to offer a heartbroken person is

11

. Kelly had understood, even at twelve, that there wasn’t much she could do to reduce my

pain _12

be there with me and bring something that just might make me

13

.

Now, whenever Kelly and I find ourselves at a funeral home for a family member of ours, the other has always shown up

14

M&M’s, a small offering of

15

to take the edge off the hovering sorrow. We’ve

16

that when we’re old, the one who dies first will have a crazy old lady throwing M&M’s into her grave. M&M’s will

17

be significant to me. They will

18

me that even when something as painful and powerful as

19

comes to claim what’s most important to me, there will always be Kelly… and her chocolate. M&M’s, melt (溶解) in your 20

, not in your hand. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A. shock A. returned A. tell A. knowing A. activity A. directly A. collections A. dolls A. valuable A. duty A. strange A. but

A. think A. for A. cheer B. topic B. died B. pretend B. seeing B. introduction B. separately B. favorites B. pens B. familiar B. dream B. clever B. or B. wonder B. with B. excitement C. story C. cried C. find C. guessing C. ceremony C. secretly C. presents C. dresses C. painful C. company C. difficult C. so C. smile C. at C. reward D. custom D. recovered D. believe D. planning D. awkwardness D. hurriedly D. choices D. chocolates D. previous D. greeting D. reasonable D. and D. jump D. by D. patience

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. A. worried A. even A. warn A. darkness A. mouth B. remembered B. always B. promise B. pressure B. heart C. suspected C. also C. require C. death C. arms D. joked D. merely D. remind D. failure D. eyes 二. 书面表达

第一节

假如你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，你将参加学校举行的英语口语，请根据以下提示写一篇竞选稿。

1.

担任班长，深受好评；

2.

组织和沟通能力强；

3.

英语口语好，乐于助人；

4.

当选后的打算。

注意：

1.

词数不少于50；

2.

可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.

开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Hi everyone! I’m Li Hua from Class One, Grade Three. Today I’m very glad to run for Chairman of the Oral English Club._____________________________________________________________

_______________________. I sincerely hope you will give me a chance and vote for me. Thank you. 第二节

(20分) 假如你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华，最近你校开展了诚信教育（Honesty Education）系列活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文，记述你和同学们参与活动的全过程。

注意：1. 词数不少于60；

2. 短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。

宣誓：take an oath

无人监考：no-invigilation exam

Recently

to carry forward the value of honesty. A variety of activities have been held in our school.___________

Keys: 一. 完型

1-5

ABDAD

二. 书面表达

第一节

Hi everyone！I’m Li Hua from Class One，Grade Three. Today I am very glad to run for Chairman of the Oral English Club. I think I’m competent for the position. As monitor of my class，I often get thumbs up from my classmates and teachers. My experience counts a lot for my good organization skills. And I’m a good communicator. Most importantly，my English is fluent. If you want to improve your English，I’m always ready to help you. If I’m lucky enough to be elected as chainman，I will arrange some activities for you，such as English Comer，English parties and so on. I sincerely hope you will give me a chance and vote for me. Thank you. 1. 诚信主题班会；

2. 诚信宣誓；

3. 参加无人监考考试；

4. 获得表彰。

6-10

CBDCC

11-15

CACBA

16-20 DBDCB

第二节

Recently, to carry forward the value of honesty, a variety of activities have been held in our school. Our class also got involved in it. We held an honesty-themed class meeting.

All the students discussed what honesty meant to us and brought forward various ideas about how to encourage honest behaviors. Finally we agreed on trying no-invigilation exams. Then led by our monitor, we took an oath that we would take any test honestly without invigilators. In the following exams, we did as that we had promised. The result was amazing: no one cheated and we felt a stronger self-respect and responsibility.

A good deed speaks for itself and we got an award as an Honest Class. Honesty in the best policy. How true it is!

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