Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehendingppt课件教学实录

Unit 5 Enjoying novels Jane Austen (1775～1817) She was born in a Steventon，Hampshire，where her father was a rector.She was the sixth child in a family of eight.She never received formal education but only had been sent to a boarding school with her sister at the age of 9.Her elder sister Cassandra was her best friend in her life，whereas her foundation education was more attributed to her father.Austen was fond of reading and writing，and had begun to take writing as joy since she was 11 or 12.Her heroines are determined to marry wisely and well.Virginia Wolf called her “the most perfect artist among women.”

The Brontes

The Brontes，Charlotte，Emily and Anne lived most of their life in an isolated parsonage in Yorkshire.From these quiet surroundings the three

sisters spun passionate，romantic novels of powerful emotional energy that are still popular today.They began writing under the pen names of Cuter，Ellis，and Acton Bell，and after their work on publishing poems failed，they began working on novels. Charlotte was the only one of the three to become a successful novelist in her own lifetime.Her famous works：Jane Eyre.Emily Bronte，perhaps the greatest writer of the three sisters，published only one novel，Wuthering Heights (1847)，a story of the doomed love and revenge.The novel didn’t gain immediate success as Charlotte’s Jane Eyre.But it has acclaimed later fame as one of the most intense novels written in the English language.

1

True (T) or False (F) 1．Jane Austen received formal education when she was young.(

) 2．Jane Austen was called “the most perfect woman artist”because that the heroines in her books was determined to marry wisely and well.(

) 3．The Brontes were all famous for their novels.(

) 答案：1.F 2.T 3.T

Section_Ⅰ

Warming_Up_&_Reading

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．literary_ (adj.)文学的→literature (n.)文学，文学作品

2．genre_ (n.)类型，体裁

3．recount (n.&v.) 叙述，描述

4．consensus (n.)共识；共同意见

5．equality (n.)同等；平等→equal (adj.)相等的；平等的 (v.)等于

6．twist (n.)扭曲；歪曲 (vt.&vi.)拧；缠绕；扭曲→twisty (adj.)扭曲的

7．contradiction (n.)反驳；矛盾→contradictory (adj.)相矛盾的；相抵触的

8．limitation (n.)限制；局限性→limit (n.&v.) 限制；限定→limited (adj.)有限的；受限的

9．heroine (n.)女英雄；女主人公→hero (n.)男英雄，男主人公

10．obstacle (n.)障碍；阻碍

11．ironic (adj.)具有讽刺意味的；讽刺的→irony (n.)讽刺→ironical (adj.)讽刺的，用反语的

12．deception (n.)欺骗；诡计→deceive (v.)欺骗

13．explicit (adj.)直率的；明确的；清楚的→explicitly (adv.)清楚地；明白地→explicitness (n.)清楚；明白

14．hail (vt.)向……欢呼；大声招呼；呼喊

15．revelation (n.)启示；揭示→reveal (v.)揭露；启示

16．premier (adj.)第一的；首要的 (n.)总理；首相

2

17．ambiguous (adj.)含糊的；模糊的→ambiguously (adv.)暧昧地；不明确地→ambiguousness (n.)暧昧；含糊

18．concession (n.)让步；让于某人之物

19．injustice (n.)不公平；非正义→unjust (adj.)不公平的；非正义的

20．eccentric (adj.)古怪的 (n.)怪人→eccentrically (adv.)古怪地；反常地

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．in force

2．get round 3．under the name of... 4．see through 5．struggle against 6．stand out Ⅲ.常用句型必备

1．Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses? 2．Clearly this restriction must_have_operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women. 3．It is making fun of those mothers whose only wish is to marry their daughters well. 4．These_women_having_produced_works_of_the_highest_quality，any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them. Ⅳ.课文大意理解

1．Which is wrong according to the first paragraph? A．There was no equality of opportunity for women in the 19th century. B．The discrimination of this kind was not in force for a very long time. C．There was a twist to this consensus. D．In a contradiction，there were five authoresses getting round this ban. 答案：B 2．Jane Austen’s novels mainly deal with ________. A．the problems and limitations of women’s choices B．revealing the women’s inner feelings C．the morally ambiguous concessions D．the hardships of poor people 答案：A

3 有效的；在实施中

顺利应付；克服

用……的名字，在……的名字下

看穿；识破

与……作斗争

杰出

3．How many authoresses are referred in this passage? A．Three.

C．Five. 答案：C 4．Why did Mary Ann Evans use the name of George Eliot to publish her works? A．Because she liked the name of George Eliot. B．Because her book could be sold well under the name of George Eliot. C．Because the publish house asked her to use the name. D．Because it is hopeless to publish novels under their own names. 答案：D 5．What is the purpose of the writer? A．To tell us some writers and some works of theirs. B．To arouse the readers’ sympathy to these writers. C．To let us know the social background of that society. D．To tell us not to read any English novels of that period. 答案：A Ⅴ.课文缩写填空

There __1__ to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses.__2__ so there is another twist to this story.In a strange __3__，this period produced five of the most courageous and gifted authoresses who got __4__ this ban.Jane Austen was the first of these great women writers.Her novels deal with the problems and __5__ of women’s choices.Charlotte Brontё was the most famous of the three Brontё

sisters.Her novels described women __6__ against their restricted roles in society.Jane Eyre was a __7__ after the more reserved feelings expressed in Jane Austen’s novels.George Eliot’s novels examined the morally __8__ concessions people make in their lives in order to succeed.Among some excellent male authors，Charles Dickens __9__ out as a literary critic of the injustices of his society.His novels describe the hardships of poor people who did not __10__ money or a sponsor to smooth their path. 答案：1.used 2.Even 3.contradiction 4.round 5.limitations 6.struggling 7.revelation 8.ambiguous 9.stands 10.possess

B．Four. D．Six.

[单词点击]

4

1．literary adj.文学的；从事写作的

AhQ is a literary figure.阿Q是一个文学形象。

Our professor is a literary authority. 我们的教授是一位文学权威。

literature n．

literally adv. 文学；文学作品；文献，著作

字面上，按字面，逐字地；真正地

Newspapers are not literature；you usually read them only once. 报纸不是文学作品，你通常看一遍就不再看了。

[即境活用1]

翻译句子

(1)Dickens’

A

Tale

of

Two

Cities is a literary classic. ________________________________________________________________________ (2)他热衷于中国古典文学。

________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)狄更斯的《双城记》是文学名著。

(2)He is crazy about Chinese classical literature. 2．recount

(1)n.[C]叙述；描述；重新计算

His recount of the accident is not accurate. 他对那次事故的叙述不准确。

The defeated president candidate demanded a recount of the votes.被击败的总统候选人要求重新计算选票。

(2)vt.详述，叙述；重新计算

He recounted to us all his experiences of adventure to the South Pole. 他给我们详细讲述了他到南极探险的所有经历。

Let’s recount the ducks and make sure they are all here.我们再来重新数一下鸭子以保证没有丢失。

recount sth.(to sb.)

recount that clause (向某人)讲故事

讲述……

He recounted his experiences to the pupils. 他向学生讲述自己的经历。

recount，describe

(1)recount作描述讲时强调“详细讲”，重在讲发生过的事情或把讲过的事再讲一遍。另外，它还有“重新计算”之意。

5

He recounted all the happenings of the day. 他详细叙述那天发生的一切事情。

(2)describe是描述，描写，描绘，多指描绘“物”的外形特征。

Could you describe your handbag? 您能描绘一下您的包吗？

[即境活用2]

完成句子

(1)She ________ (讲述了) her adventures to that small island. (2)Can you ________ (描述) your baggage in detail? 答案：(1)recounted (2)describe 3. consensus n．共识；共同意见

There is a growing consensus of opinion on this issue. 对这个问题的看法日趋一致。

reach a consensus on在……方面达成共识 The two parties have reached a consensus on a new national pensions system. 这两个政党就新的养老金制度达成了一致意见。

[即境活用3] The government is also undertaking important educational work based on the ________ of the members that the best form of conservation is the prevention of damage. A．consequence

C．scene

B．sense D．consensus 解析：选D 句意：政府也正在各方形成共识的基础上开展工作，那就是保留预防破坏这一最佳方式。

4. equality n．平等；【数】相等，等式

Women are still struggling for true equality with men. 妇女仍在争取与男人真正平等。

Today，we are going to learn equality and inequality. 今天我们将学习等式与不等式。

be on an equality (with)

equal adj. be equal to All men are equal before the law. 法律面前人人平等。

Let the line AB be equal to the line CD.

6 与……平等

平等的

与……相等；胜任

设AB等于CD。

[即境活用4] Bill and Bob shared the work ________ between them. A．equally C．equality B．equal D．equaling 解析：选A 句意：比尔和鲍勃两人把工作平分了。equally同等地，相等地。

5．twist

(1)n.拧，扭曲；弯曲；转折

With a violent twist，he wrenched off the handle. 他猛力一拧，将那把手拧了下来。

There’s an unusual twist to the plot at the end of the book.在这本书的末尾，情节发生了不寻常的转折。

(2)vt.拧；搓；缠绕

She twisted the long scarf round her head. 她把那条长围巾围在头上。

[即境活用5]

翻译句子

(1)The story has a strange twist in chapter 15. ________________________________________________________________________ (2)He fell and twisted his ankle. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)故事情节在第15章出现了转折。

(2)他摔了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。

6．contradiction n．矛盾，不一致；否认，反驳

To deny contradiction is to deny everything. 否认事物的矛盾，就是否认了一切。

in contradiction with in contradiction to

contradictory adj. contradict vt. 与……相抵触

反之，与……相反，

同……矛盾

互相矛盾的；抵触的；反驳的

反驳；否认；相矛盾

Is it a contradiction to love animals and yet wear furs? 又爱护动物又穿皮毛服装是矛盾的吗？

What a contradictory theory！多么矛盾的理论呀！

The two statements contradict each other.

7

这两种说法互相矛盾。

[即境活用6]

翻译句子

你今天的声明与你昨天所说的话相互矛盾。

________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Your statements today are in contradiction with/to what you said yesterday. 7．limitation

(1)n.[C]限制；限度，局限；局限性，不足之处，不利之处

One should realize one’s limitations. 一个人应该明白自己的不足之处。

(2)n.[U]限制(指限制的动作或过程) Age is no limitation to this kind of job. 做这种工作没有年龄限制。

limit，limitation

(1)limit作名词时表示界限，界线，极限，限量。指最大限量的点，线，量等，具体一些。

Our life has a limit，but knowledge is without limit. 生命有限，知识无涯。

(2)limitation表示抽象的概念，限制，局限。

We shall continue to work for the limitation of nuclear arms.我们将继续为限制核武器而努力。

[即境活用7]

翻译句子

Darwinism also has it’s own historical and scientific limitation. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：达尔文主义也有它自身的历史和科学局限性。

8．obstacle n．障碍，障碍物，妨碍，阻碍

We must remove obstacles from our path. 我们必须移开我们路上的障碍物。

obstacle to

……的障碍 You should overcome all obstacles to your study. 你应该克服学习上的一切障碍。

[即境活用8] A lack of qualifications can be a major ________ to finding a job. A．limitation

B．stop 8

C．obstacle D．restrict 解析：选C 句意：学历不足可能成为谋职的主要障碍。obstacle障碍，阻碍。

9．ironic＝ironical adj.反语的；讽刺的；有讽刺意味的

What an ironic cartoon it is! 多么具有讽刺意味的一幅漫画呀！

Can you appreciate ironic arts of Lu Xun and Kafka? 你能欣赏鲁迅和卡夫卡的讽刺艺术吗？

irony n．

ironically adv. Her apology was shot with irony. 她的道歉中夹杂着讽刺。

And yet，ironically，we need our friends as much as ever in adulthood.然而有讽刺意义的是，我们在成年时和儿童时代一样需要友谊。

[即境活用9] The New Yorker is well known for publishing outstanding short fiction and cartoons with an ________ twist. A．ironly C．ironically B．ironic D．iron 反讽，讽刺，讽刺之事

讽刺地；嘲讽地

解析：选B 句意：这位纽约人以出版带有扭曲的讽刺意味的杰出短篇小说和漫画而闻名。ironic讽刺的，有讽刺意味的。

10．deception

(1)n.[U]欺骗

He often practises deception on his relatives. 他经常欺骗他的亲戚。

(2)n.[C]诡计

Your deception won’t fool us. 你的诡计愚弄不了我们。 deceive v．

欺骗，哄骗，行骗 It is no use your trying to deceive me.你别想欺骗我。

[即境活用10]

翻译句子

她没有勇气承认她的欺骗行为。

________________________________________________________________________ 答案：She didn’t have the courage to admit her deception. 11．explicit adj.直率的；明确的；清楚的

9

They were explicit in their criticism. 他们直截了当地表达了他们的批评。

The doctor gave me explicit instructions on when and how to take the medicine. 大夫详细地告诉我该何时服药以及如何服药。

to be explicit about sth. 对某事直言不讳；对某事态度鲜明

反义词implicit＝暗示的，含蓄的，固有的

She was quite explicit about why she left. 她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。

Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。

[即境活用11]

完成句子

(1)We should have some ________________________(明确的学习目标) in a short time. (2)He gave me ________________(详细的指导) on how to operate the household robot. 答案：(1)explicit learning aims (2)explicit directions 12．hail

(1)n.冰雹，致敬，招呼

We drove through hail and snow. 我们顶着冰雹和大雪开车。

I wait for your hail.我等你招呼我。

(2)v.向……欢呼，致敬，招呼

We hailed her as our heroine. 我们拥护她为我们的女英雄。

An old friend hailed me from the other side of the street. 一个老朋友从街的对面给我打招呼。

Let’s hail a taxi，shall we？咱们叫辆出租车好吗？

a hail of...

hail from... hail to... hail...as... (冰雹般的)一阵

来自……

向……致敬

热情地承认/拥护……为……

There was a hail of applause when the speaker stepped onto the platform. 演讲人走上讲台时爆发出一阵掌声。

10

He hails from Shanghai.他来自上海。

Hail to the President！向总统致敬！(总统万岁！) [即境活用12]

翻译句子

Lang’s first film was immediately hailed as a masterpiece. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：朗的第一部电影立即成了他的代表作。

13．revelation n．揭露，泄露，发觉，展示，启示，揭示，表白

The revelation of his past scandal led to his resignation.对他过去丑闻的揭露导致了他的辞职。

The novel Jane

Eyre is a psychological revelation to everyone. 小说《简·爱》对每一个人来说都是一部心理启示录。

reveal vt. 泄露；显露；揭露，揭发；显示出；展现出 She refused to reveal her identity. 她拒绝透露自己的身份。

[即境活用13]

用reveal的适当形式填空

(1)I promised never to ________ his secret. (2)My computer monitor has a high ________. 答案：(1)reveal (2)revelation 14．ambiguous adj.含糊的；模糊的

This is an ambiguous sentence. 这是一个含意不清的句子。

Your statement of purpose is ambiguous，so we don’t understand what you intend to do. 你的目的陈述得不够清楚，因此我们不明白你想干什么。

vague，ambiguous

(1)vague adj.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

She is so vague that I can never understand what she is trying to say. 她说话含含糊糊，我怎么也听不明白她想说些什么。

(2)ambiguous adj.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。

His ambiguous directions confused us；we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。

11

[即境活用14] Jane is not honest and tends to hide her opinion.She would give you a(n)________ suggestion about it. A．clear C．straightforward B．ambiguous D．explicit 解析：选B clear“清楚的”，ambiguous“含糊的”，straightforward“坦率的；直截了当的”，explicit“明确的，清楚的”。句意为：简不诚实，容易隐瞒她的想法。对这事，她可能会给你一个含糊的建议。

15．concession n．让步，让于某人之物；承认，特许

We will make some concession in price. 我们将在价格上做些让步。

The matter was settled because they made mutual concessions.他们互相作了让步，事情因此解决了。

At last，their company obtained the mining concession.他们的公司最终获得了采矿权。

make a concession to

对……让步 We were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands. 我们对他的不合理的要求不准备做出任何让步。

[即境活用15]

翻译句子

Employers made concessions to the workers in negotiations. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：雇主们在谈判上对工人做了让步。

16．injustice n．不公平，非正义(反义词justice)

We must fight against injustice.我们必须维护正义。

With justice on your side，you can go anywhere；without it，you can’t take a step. 有理走遍天下，无理寸步难行。

do sb.an injustice

unjust adj. justice n. The system is corrupt and unjust. 这个体制腐败而无意义。

[即境活用16]

翻译句子

He is bold enough to attack social injustices.

12 使某人受屈，冤枉某人

不公平的

正义，公平

________________________________________________________________________ 答案：他敢于抨击社会上的不公正现象。

17．eccentric

(1)n.怪人，行为古怪的人

The old lady is a bit of an eccentric. 这位老太太是个有点古怪的人。

(2)adj.(人、行为、举止等)古怪的，反常的

My uncle is an eccentric person. 我的舅舅是个古怪的人。

I can’t get on well with him，because he is eccentric. 我不能和他友好相处，因为他很古怪。

strange，eccentric，odd

(1)strange词义最广。指非一般的、不平常的、费解的或与预期不同的，还强调陌生，不熟悉。

With so many strange faces around her，she felt a bit nervous.身边尽是陌生的面孔，她感到有点紧张。

(2)eccentric指行为偏离常规，特别是显得古怪或可笑。

You’ll be considered eccentric if you go to the banquet in your tennis shoes. 如果穿着网球鞋去参加宴会，别人会认为你很古怪。

(3)odd强调有异于正常，表示不标准、不正规、不符合规律等，暗示这种奇异令人困惑不解。

Einstein was considered an odd man by the neighbours’ kids.邻居的孩子们认为爱因斯坦是个古怪的人。

[即境活用17]

翻译句子/单项填空

(1)我的新邻居是个古怪的小说家。

________________________________________________________________________ 答案：My new neighbor is an eccentric novelist. (2)It seems somewhat ________ to expect anyone to drive 3 hours just for a 20­minute meeting.

A．unique C．eccentric B．impossible D．absurd 解析：选D unique独特的；impossible不可能的；eccentric古怪的；absurd荒谬的。根据常识可以判断，开车从很远的地方赶来参加一个很短的会议很得不偿失，因此人们

13

认为有点儿荒谬很正常。

[短语精析] 1．in force有效的；在实施中；大规模地；大批地

The new safety regulations are now in force. 新的安全规则现已生效。

On the day the school was opened to visitors，and all the parents turned out in force. 学校对来访者开放的那一天，所有的家长成群地去了。

put/carry/bring sth.into force

come into force by force 使……开始生效；实施

开始生效

靠武力，强行

A new law will be brought into force next year. 一项新法律将于明年开始实施。

When do the new class rules come into force? 新的班规何时生效？

The police seized that murder by force. 警察用武力抓住了那个杀人犯。

[即境活用18]

用force的相关短语填空

(1)In the history of America，people moved to the west _______________(强行) to open it up. (2)When will the new regulations ________________(实施，生效)? (3)The new agreement will be ________________(有效) next month. 答案：(1)by force (2)be put/carried/brought into force (3)in force 2．get round(＝get around)顺利应付；克服；传播出去；说服，劝说

Let’s try to get round the difficulty. 咱们设法克服困难。

How can we get round that regulation? 我们如何能绕过那条规则呢？

Do not let him get round you.不要让他说服你。

get round to sth./doing sth.

抽出时间做某事 I can’t find time to get round to this matter. 我腾不出时间来处理这件事。

[即境活用19] (1)He thinks he is clever and he can ________ the tax laws.

14

A．get out C．get round B．get down D．get on 解析：选C get out“出来”，get down“下来”，get round“逃避”，get on“上车”。

(2)I meant to do the ironing this morning but I didn’t ________ it. A．get around C．sit around B．get round to D．got round to 解析：选B 句意：今天早晨我本打算熨衣服，可是我没时间。sit around“闲坐”，get round to sth.“处理，做某事”。

3．under the name of...在……的名字下，用……的名字

Samuel Clemens wrote a lot of novels under the name of Mark Twain. 塞缪尔·克莱门斯用马克·吐温的名字写了很多小说。

name after

以……的名字命名

call one’s name(s)＝call one by name(s)点名

call sb.names 辱骂某人；用各种难听的话骂(某人) John was named after his uncle.约翰与他叔父同名。

by the name of，in the name of

(1)by the name of的意思是“名叫……的”，通常放在句末作后置定语。

Do you know a person by the name of Maggie? 你认识一个叫Maggie的人吗？

(2)in the name of＝in one’s name的意思是“以……名义”，在句中通常作状语。

I arrest you in the name of law(in law’s name)．

我以法律的名义逮捕你。

[即境活用20] My friend，________ Johnson，always has a prejudice against the fashion show.Which is WRONG? A．named C．in the name of B．by the name of D．who is called 解析：选C 本题要求选出“错误”的一项，从句子结构看，此处需要填一个状语成分，in the name of以……的名义；其余选项均意为“名叫……的”。

4．see through看穿；识破；帮助……渡过(困难等)；干到底，干完

I can see through you；don’t think you can fool me. 我能看透你，别以为你能愚弄我。

15

We will see you through the difficulty. 我们会帮助你渡过难关。

She’s determined to see the job through. 她决心把这项工作干到底。

I could see him through the window. 我能透过窗户看见他。

see sb.off

see to sth. 为某人送行

负责，留意，照料

Her aunt was at the airport to see her off. 她姑姑在机场为她送行。

He promised me to see to my pet when I was away. 他答应我当我不在时照看我的宠物。

[即境活用21] Suspecting the traveler of carrying drugs, the Customs official stopped him and ________ his suitcase, but found nothing at all. A．broke through C．saw through B．went through D．got through 解析：选B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为怀疑旅行者携带毒品，海关官员让他停下来，仔细地检查他的箱子，结果一无所获。go through“搜遍；仔细地检查”，符合句意。

5．struggle against(＝struggle with)与……作斗争，和……斗争

He struggled against cancer for two years. 他同癌症抗争了两年。

We had to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties.我们必须与各种困难作斗争。

struggle for...＝struggle to do sth. 为……而奋斗/努力/争取

struggle with/against... 同……斗争

We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。

John struggled to pass the final exam. 约翰为通过期末考试而努力着。

struggle，fight

(1)struggle奋斗，努力；打斗，此时可与fight换用；指“挣扎，奋力前进”只能用struggle。

16

(2)fight打架，打斗；奋斗，指“战争，作战”只能用fight。

[即境活用22] Not all are adaptable in the ________ of life：some are successful and become the “luckies”，and others fails and are swallowed by it. A．fight C．war B．struggle D．movement 解析：选B 句意：并非所有的人在一生的奋斗之中都能生存下来，一些人成功了便成了“幸运儿”，另一些失败了就要被埋没。fight打架，war战争，movement活动，struggle奋斗，努力。人与人之间是相互竞争的、不断奋斗努力向前的，所以选struggle。

6．stand out站出来，突出；坚持抵抗；显眼，引人注目

They stood out till victory.他们坚持到胜利。

Don’t stand out there：you’ll get wet through. 你别站在外边，要不全身都要湿透了。

stand out (from/against sth.) stand out for sth. stand for stand by 显眼；突出

坚决要求

代表；主张；支持；容忍；忍受

袖手旁观，无动于衷

The five­star red flag stands out brightly against the blue sky.五星红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。

They were standing out for higher wages. 他们坚持要增加工资。

What do the letters UN stand for? 字母UN代表什么？

We cannot stand by and allow such a thing. 这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。

[即境活用23] (1)She is the sort of person who ________ in a crowd.You can recognize her at first sight. A．stands for C．stands aside B．stands out D．stands up 解析：选B 句意，她是那种站在人群中特别显眼的人，你一眼就能认出她来。stand out突出，显眼。

(2)The new road sign is easy to read，because the words ________ well. A．read out

B．look out 17

C．figure out D．stand out 解析：选D read out读出来；look out小心；figure out计算出；stand out显眼，突出。句意：新路标容易辨认，因为上面的字很醒目。

[句型归纳] 1．Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses? 你能相信从前社会上存在着反对女子写小说的舆论吗？

(1)句中含有两个that引导的从句。第一个从句是believe的宾语从句；第二个从句是先行词consensus的定语从句。

Everyone knows that a single man with a fortune must be in want of a wife. 众所周知，凡是有财产的单身汉必须要娶一位太太。

Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.(宾语从句)伽俐略坚持地球绕太阳运行的说法。

The bag that lies on the ground is hers.(定语从句) 地上的那个包是她的。

(2)there used to be...是there be句型的一种变式

类似句型还有：

There happened to be nobody in the room. 碰巧房间里没有人。

There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for. 他们可能会遇到比他们已经预想到的更大的困难。

There seems to be no need to wait longer. 似乎没有必要再等了。

There must be something wrong here. 一定是哪个地方出了故障。

There lives a family of five in the village. 村子里住着一家五口人。

There stands the Monument to the People’s Heroes at the center of the Tian’

anmen Square. 天安门广场正中心矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。

There goes the bell for the class！上课铃响了！

There is no doubt that he is qualified for the job. 毫无疑问他适合这份工作。

[即境活用24]

18

(1)It is the education ________ he received when studying abroad ________ has made him such an excellent manager. A．that；that C．that；which B．which；which D．where；that 解析：选A 第一个空为that引导的定语从句，先行词为the education；第二个空为强调句型，被强调部分为the education that ... abroad。

(2)I have found out ________ all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. A．what C．that B．which D．where 解析：选C 本题考查宾语从句。此处只少一个连词，并且这个连词无实在意义。只有that合适，其余三项均有意义。

(3)________ is no possibility ________ Jack will win the first place in the competition. A．There；that C．There；whether B．It；that D．It；whether 解析：选A 本题考查there be句型和that引导的同位语从句。从句子结构上看，possibility和Jack will win the first place in the competition指的是同一个意思。

2．Clearly this restriction must_have_operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women. 很显然，这种限制在妇女没有平等权利的时期肯定会起作用的。

must have operated此处must表示推测，表示“肯定，一定”，must表推测是用于肯定句，若对现在和将来情况进行推测，用must＋动词原形；若对过去情况推测，则用must＋have done。

Look at her new car.She must have earned a lot of money.看她的新车。她一定赚了不少钱。

情态动词must，could，might和can’t分别表示不同程度的推测

(1)must表示说话人对事物的肯定的推测，用于肯定句中。四个词中must表示的可能性最大，意思是“一定；准是”。

(2)can表示推测主要用于否定句和疑问句中。can’t表示有把握的否定推测，意思是“不可能”。can用在肯定句中时，常指理论上的可能性。

(3)may，might，could这三个词都可以表示说话人对事物的推测，但可能性较小，意思是“有可能；也许”。might/could比may较为委婉和更加不肯定。may not/might not/could not表示不太有把握的否定推测，意思是“可能不会”。

(4)表示“一定/可能正在做某事”用must/may/could/might＋be＋doing sth.；

19

表示“一定不/不可能正在做某事”用can’t/may not/might not/could not＋be＋doing sth.；

表示对过去“一定/可能已经完成的事情”的推测用must/may/could/might＋have done sth.。

(5)mustn’t表示禁止，是“一定不要，不能，不应该”之意。

You could have come 10 minutes earlier. 你本应该早来10分钟的。

He might not have settled the problem. 他可能尚未解决那个问题。

Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 这样的雨天可能会发生事故。

[即境活用25] (1)When I was young，I was told that I ________ play with matches. A．wouldn’t C．mustn’t B．needn’t D．couldn’t 解析：选C 句意：小时候，我被告知一定不能玩火柴。mustn’t禁止。

(2)What a pity.Considering his ability and experience，he ________ better. A．need have done C．can have done B．must have done D．might have done 解析：选D 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。表示对过去事实的推测，可能性较小，might have done相当于could have done sth.。

(3)She ________ have left school，for her bike is still here. A．can’t C．shouldn’t B．wouldn’t D．needn’t 解析：选A 该题考查情态动词表推测用法。句意：“她不可能离开学校了，因为她的车还在这儿。”本题为否定的推测，故正确答案应为A。

3．It is making fun of those mothers whose only wish is to_marry their daughters well. 这句话就是在调侃那些一心只想把女儿嫁个好人家的妈妈们。

whose引导的定语从句为主系表结构，不定式to marry their daughters well作表语。

不定式用表语常表示具体的、特定的、将来的、或有待于实现的行为。

动名词作表语常表示主语的内容，表示抽象的一般性的行为；不表示动作。

My work this afternoon is to_teach_you_English. 我今天下午的工作就是教你英语。(教英语是暂时的活) My work is teaching_English.我的工作是教英语。(教英语是我的职业)

20

[即境活用26] (1)What I would suggest is ________ off the meeting. A．put C．putting B．to put D．to be put 解析：选B 句意：我要提的建议是推迟会议。题意表推迟会议是将来的事，所以要用不定式。

(2)What he likes was ________ a walk after supper when he was in his thirties. A．to take C．taking B．taken D．takes 解析：选C 句意：他30多岁时所喜欢的事就是晚饭后去散步。题意表明晚饭后散步是他经常的行为，所以要用动名词。

4．After Jane Austen，authoresses found_it an even more hopeless task to_publish_novels under their own names.在简·奥斯汀之后，女作家们发现用她们自己的名字发表小说更加无望。

句中it是形式宾语，不定式“to publish ...”是真正的宾语。“an even ... task”是宾语补足语。

“found it an even ... task”是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式to be等来充当。

You will find it a_very_difficult_book.(名词) 你会发现这是本很难懂得书。

The youth found it a_hard_problem to think about.(名词)这个年轻人发现它是个很难思考的问题。

When he came to himself，he found himself surrounded by a group of boys.(过去分词) 当他苏醒时，他发现自己被一群男孩包围着。

I hope to find you in_better_spirits when we meet again.(介词短语) 我希望我们再见面的时候你能有更好的精神状态。

[即境活用27] (1)When I found all the guests ________，I began my speech. A．seated C．sitting down B．taken their seats D．seating 解析：选A 该题考查的是find的复合结构，即find＋sb./sth.＋分词。本题中seated (坐好了)作宾语补足语。

21

(2)—We didn’t find the Blacks ________ the lecture. —No one had told him about ________ a lecture the following day. A．to attend；there to be C．attended；there be B．attending；there being D．attend；there was 解析：选B 第一空动词attend为及物动词，表主动，故attending现在分词为最佳选项；第二空介词about后应使用动名词形式there being。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．They r________ what had happened during those years. 答案：recounted 2．The two sides have been making an attempt to reach a (n) c________ that Taiwan is part of ChinA．

答案：consensus 3．Don’t you believe in e________ between men and women. 答案：equality 4．This fairy tale has a sudden t________ in the last chapter. 答案：twist 5．Your reply today is in direct c________ to what you said last week. 答案：contradiction 6．The doctor said the old man’s condition was ________(无望的)．

答案：hopeless 7．It is ________(讽刺) that she became a teacher—she used to hate school. 答案：ironic 8．He is studying ________(文学) in Beijing University now. 答案：literary 9．He knows his ________(短处)．

答案：limitation 10．The ________(事实的披露) that he bribed the police once surprised people. 答案：revelation Ⅱ.选词填空

错误!

1．Frankly speaking，your friend has already __________________ you! 答案：seen through

22

2．He booked an air ticket ________________ Mr.Smith. 答案：under the name of 3．I ______________ in a group interview. 答案：stand out 4．The old rules are still ______________. 答案：in force 5．People can sometimes ______________ the tax laws. 答案：get round 6．They had to ________________ weather and wild animals. 答案：struggle against Ⅲ.完成句子

1．Can you believe that __________________________(过去有) a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses? 答案：there used to be 2．Perhaps you think that discrimination of this kind was in force a very long time ago because，________________ (毕竟)，it is a very old fashioned ideA．

答案：after all 3．Charles Dickens ________ today ________________(被认为) one of the great writers of the 19th century. 答案：is；confirmed as 4．The three Brontё sisters ________(采用) this practice，Mary Ann Evens did the same and wrote under the name of George Eliot. 答案：adopting 5．The firm will be forced to ________________(作出让步) if it wants to avoid a strike. 答案：make concessions Ⅳ.句型转换

1．Perhaps you think that discrimination of this kind was in force a very long time ago. Perhaps you think that discrimination of this kind was ________ a very long time ago. 答案：effective 2．She produced six completed novels，all of which deal with the problems and limitations of women’s choices.

23

She produced six completed novels，all of which ________________________ the problems and limitations of women’s choices. 答案：are concerned with 3．He has been struggling against illness for many years. He has been __________________illness for many years. 答案：struggling with 4．Everyone knows that a single man with a fortune must be in want of a wife. Everyone knows that a single man with a fortune must be ____________________ a wife. 答案：in need of 5．It is making fun of those mothers whose only wish is to marry their daughters well. It is ________________ those mothers whose only wish is to marry their daughters well. 答案：laughing at Ⅴ.单项填空

1．My sister，an inexperienced rider，was found sitting on the bicycle ________ to balance it. A．having tried

C．to try

B．trying D．tried 解析：选B 本题考查现在分词作状语的用法。trying to balance it正试图保持平衡。

2．The news ________ is spreading around the airport is ________ a big snowstorm will come attacking. A．which；which C．that；which B．不填；that D．that；that 解析：选D 本题考查that引导的名词性从句的用法。第一空填that引导同位语从句；第二空填that引导表语从句。

3．________ is known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games ________ in London. A．What；will be held C．As；is held B．It；will hold D．Which；holds 解析：选A 第一空需要填一个可作主语的词，并且它引导的句子作主语从句；第二个空需要填hold的被动式，即奥运会将被举行。

4．The teacher told us not to speak all at once but ________. A．each at one time

B．one by one time 24

C．one for each time D．one at a time 解析：选D 句意：老师告诉我们不要一齐说，而是一个个的说。one at a time一次一个。

5．Last month，our city was struck by floods，from ________ effects the people are still suffering. A．that C．those B．whose D．what 解析：选B 定语从句的先行词为floods，因其与从句中的effects之间为所属关系，故用whose；从句中的from为suffer from中的介词，此处提前了。

6．Many factors influence a student in his/her study，_______________________________ I think are out of a teacher’s control. A．most of them C．most of what B．most of which D．most of that 解析：选B 考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是influence，关系词应用which。

7．The newspaper was accused of ________ the facts. A．changing C．twisting B．winding D．turning 解析：选C 句意：这家报纸被指控歪曲事实。be accused of(doing)sth.被指控(做)某事；twist歪曲，扭曲。

8．They published the science fiction ________ the name of Isaac Asimov. A．of C．at B．under D．in 解析：选B under the name of“以……的名字”。

Ⅵ.阅读理解

Science is a major topic in our culture. Since it touches almost every field of our life, educated people need at least some knowledge with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the scientific_subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific ideas is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and discourage the scientist. This book is written for the person whose knowledge with science is not complete; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty (发霉的) storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the

25

production of tricks; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to add to a course in any science, to come with any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader view on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an idea and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. Besides, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies (哲学) that are deep in our culture. We have tried to present in this book a correct and up­to­date picture of the scientific world and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to include more and more women. This increasing role of women is not just the only event but, rather, part of the trend obvious in all parts of society, as more women enter traditionally male­controlled fields and make influential contributions. We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our method is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a cruel and unpleasant way to earn a living. 1．According to the passage，“scientific subculture” means ________.

A．complex situation C．technical groups B．scientific society D．knowledge system 解析：选B 推理判断题。从第一段第三句“in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are”及下文的叙述可得出答案。

2．We need to know something about science because ________. A．it is easier to understand general characteristics of science B．scientists have specific scientific ideas C．it is not easy to understand the things that excite and discourage scientists D．science affects almost every field of our life 解析：选D 细节理解题。从文中第一段的第二句可知答案。

3．The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ________. A．have a misunderstanding about science B．are scientists making influential contributions

26

C．want to break the male­controlled world

D．want to have a little understanding of science 解析：选A 细节理解题。从文中第二段第一句“This book is written for the person whose knowledge with science is not complete.”可知。

4．This passage most probably is ________. A．the introduction of a book B．the information added to a book C．the concluding part of a book D．the review of a book 解析：选A 推理判断题。从内容来看，本文是一本书的序言。本文主要对一本书及其内容及作者写此书的主要意图作了叙述。

5．According to the passage，we can infer that the book probably is ________. A．serious C．interesting B．humorous D．realistic 解析：选C 推理判断题。根据对这本书的介绍可知它有可能很有趣。

27