Grammar第二课时教学设计

Grammar

Present perfect tense 现在完成时

教学目标

知识与技能

1.学生理解语法规则并正确运用现在完成时的表达；

2.学生能够区分现在完成时与一般过去时。

过程与方法

学生积极参与问答活动，归纳、理解现在完成时的用法，尝试在语境中灵活运用，通过练习比较现在完成时与一般现在时的异同。

情感态度价值观

学生在共同交流，合作学习中培养良好的英语学习方法以及合作意识。

教学重点与难点

重点：学生理解并能正确运用现在完成时。

难点：学生在语境中比较现在完成时与一般现在时的异同点。

教学方法与手段

方法：观察法，发现法，任务教学法。

手段：多媒体课件，黑板。

使用教材的构思

学生通过学习各种现在完成时的表达，理解并归纳时态的不同用法，通过练习理解现在完成时与一般现在时的异同点，在练习中进一步加强对知识的灵活运用。

教学流程

Step 1

构成：have / has done 用法1：

表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。也可以表示经历或经验。常与just, recently / lately (最近), already, yet, ever,never 等词连用。

Then the students read and translate the following sentences. 1.They have built many high-rise buildings in the city. 2.They haven’t completed that experiment yet.

3.The traffic in the city has got much worse recently. 4.He has already returned that book. 5.Have you ever seen the film Harry Potter? 6.I have never had any problems with my car.

Step 2 用法2：

表示过去已经开始、持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：for＋时间段，since ＋时间点，so far / up to now / till now (到目前为止), in / over / during the last / past few days / years, these days, this year等。

Then the students read and translate the following sentences. 1. I have studied English for three years. 2. He has worked in the company since he came to the city. 3.So far he has done very well at school.

4.Up to now, I have understood everything the teacher has said. 5.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past few years.

6.How many words have you learned this year?

Step 3

现在完成时的其它用法

1.

have been to 表示“到过某地（已经回来了）”

have gone to 表示“去了某地（现在不在这里）”

eg. 1) He has been to Shanghai.

他去过上海。（已经回来了）

2) He has gone to Shanghai.

他去了上海。（现在不在这里）

2.瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中不能接表示一段时间的状语，若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。

eg. 1) He has come to Beijing since last year. (

×

)

He has lived in Beijing since last year.

(

√

)

2) I have bought the new car for a month.

(

×

)

I have kept / had the new car for a month.

(

√

)

部分非延续动词和延续性动词的转换

买

buy -- have / keep

借

borrow -- keep 到达

arrive -- stay

穿

put on -- have on / wear 放置

put -- lay

结婚

marry -- be married 离开

leave -- be away

回来

come back -- be back 生病

fall ill -- be ill

死亡

die -- be dead 变成

become --be

开始

start -- be on 结束

end -- be over

参加

join -- be a member of 打开

turn on -- be on

关闭

turn off -- be off 起床

get up -- be up

Step4 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响, 强调的是现在的情况, 所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用; 而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态, 与现在不发生联系, 可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。

eg. I have seen the film.

我已经看过这部电影了。

(表示我现在了解这部电影的内容)

I saw the film last week. 上周我看了这部电影。

(只说明我上周看了这部电影，并不涉及现在的情况。) Underline the correct form of the verb A: My parents bought / have bought a new flat.

B: Oh really? When (1) did they buy / have they bought it? A: Last month. B: (2) Have you seen / did you see it yet? A: Yes, (3) I have seen / I saw it last week. It's great. B: Is there a lot of work to do on it? A: Not a lot. (4) We have repainted /

We repainted the kitchen and the bathroom. B: (5) Did you move / Have you moved your things there? A: (6) We have just started / We just started moving the furniture. In fact, (7) I have just come back / I came back from there. I (8) took / have taken some new furniture over. We are going to move in next week. B: Lucky you! 参考答案：

（1）did they buy

（2）have you seen

（3）I saw （4）We have repainted

（5）Have you moved

（6）We have just started （7）I have just come back

（8）have taken Step 5 Exercises 1. It is the third time you __ late this week.

A. had arrived

B. arrived

C. have arrived

D. are arriving 2. --- Did you enjoy your holiday?

--- Wonderful. It is years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. after

B. when

C. before

D. since 3. When I was at college, I __ three foreign languages, but I ___all except a few words of each.

A. spoke; had forgotten

B. spoke; have forgotten

C. had spoken; had forgotten

D. had spoken; have forgotten 4. --- Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

--- I _____ right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put

B. had you put; was putting

C. have you put; put

D. were you putting; have put 5. The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.

A. went down

B. will go down

C. was going down

D. has gone down 6. They are discussing the problem the whole afternoon, but they ___ a decision so far.

A. didn’t reach

B. won’t arrive at

C. haven’t come to

D. all above 7. —I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary.

—When and where ____ you ____ it?

A. do; buy

B. did; buy

C. have; bought

D. had; bought 8. — I heard the peasants here ___ very poor in the past.

— Yes, but there ____ great changes in the past few years.

A. were; were

B. have been; have been

C. have been; were

D. were; have been 9. It is the most instructive lecture that I_____ since I came to this school.

A. attended

B. had attended

C. am attending

D. have attended 10. When I got on the bus, I_____I had left my wallet at home.

A. was realizing

B. realized

C. have realized

D. would realize 参考答案：

1-5 C D B C D

6-10 C B D D B

板书设计

Module 4 Grammar

Present perfect tense Form: have / has done 重点句型与搭配

1) It has been six years since we last saw each other, you know.

It is / has been + 时间段

+ since 句型中，主句经常用现在完成时，也可用一般现在时。

2)

And this is the first time I have visited your hometown.

It / This is the first + 其它序数词/ last time + that 从句,从句使用现在完成时。

3）have been to 表示“到过某地（已经回来了）”

have gone to 表示“去了某地（现在不在这里）”

作业设计

1.Complete the conversation on page 85. 2.Make up five sentences with present perfect tense and use some important words and phrased we learned today, such as recently, already, ever, since, so far, in the past few days. 教学后记

学生分析阅读中使用现在完成时的句子，这样能在语境中更好地理解时态的用法，并通过其它句子的学习更好地灵活运用时态。课堂上给学生足够的时间观察总结时态的用法，比较现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点。通过相应的练习使学生对知识加深理解。不足之处是在设计练习时，应该考虑尽可能与学生实际生活联系更紧密些。