Using LanguageⅡ课堂实录【3】

英语主要时态复习

一般现在时

一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词

usually，often，always sometimes，

regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week 等连用。例如：

1）The moon moves round the earth.. 2）Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

（2）在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及

if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：

1）I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2）I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. 3) I will have arrived by the time the meeting begins. 一般过去时

（1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。如

yesterday, last year, in 1949, a minute ago, just now 例如：We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如：

1）He always went to class last.

2）I used to do my homework in the library. （注意与be used to doing短语的区别）

3) 在since 引导的状语从句多用一般过去时.主句中一般用完成时

1)He has changed much since I saw him last. 一般将来时

1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如：I shall graduate next year. 2）几种替代形式：

1）be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如：

I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.

2）be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如：

I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3）be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如：

He was about to start. 5）be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如：

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 现在进行时

（1）表示现在正在进行的动作，常与now，right now，at the moment，for the time being，for the present等连用。例如：Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

（2）表示现阶段经常发生的动作，

常与always，continually，forever，constantly等连用。例如：

My father is forever criticizing me. （3）进行时态表将来。常用的有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return等。例如：

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

过去进行时

过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如：

1）We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2）Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

现在完成时

（1）现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作（常与yet，already，just连用），或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况（常与for，since连用）。例如：

1）I have just finished my homework. 2）Mary has been ill for three days. （2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since, for, during, over等引导出的短语；副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：

1）I haven’t been there for five years.

2）So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978. （3）完成时态可用在下列结构中：

过去完成时

（1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：

1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：

1）hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如：

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2）no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3）by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：

The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时的强调形式，有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时。

（1）现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如：

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.