Learning about Language名师教学实录

Unit 4

Pygmalion Learning about Language Excercise: 1.Last week, there was a program _______(call)“Learning to Respect Our Parents”

in our school.

2.Everybody was ________(shock) at the news. 3.If you want to make yourself _________(respect), you are above all to respect others. 4.________(see) from the top of the mountain, the whole town looks more beautiful. 考情解读

非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括：

1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。

2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。

3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。

The Past Participle used as the attribute(定语), predicative(表语),

object complement(宾补)

and adverbial(状语). 一、动词-ed形式作定语

过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词

(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：

spoken English

英语口语

iced beer

冰冻啤酒

cooked food

熟食

fried chips

炸土豆条

但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示

“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如:

boiled water (开水);

fallen leaves (落叶)

the risen sun (升起的太阳)等。

The tall man is a returned student．

高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。

My parents are both retired teachers．

我的父母都是退休教师。

(1)

前置定语

单个的动词-ed形式, 一般放在被修饰

的名词的前面, 作前置定语。

The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。

(=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again. 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。

(=time which is lost)

(2)

后置定语

①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能作后置定语。

e.g. The books left are for my students．

剩下的书是给我的学生的。

②

动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于一个定语从句。

Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (= that has been planned for tonight) The meeting, attended by a lot of people,was a success．

这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。

(=which was attended by a lot of people)

高考链接

1）Most of the artists ________(invite) to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) 2) The first text books _________ (write)for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) 3) Mr. Smith, _______(tire) of the speech, started to read a ________(bore)novel.

4) Prices of daily foods _________ (buy)through a computer can be lower than prices in stores.

二、动词-ed形式作表语

过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意, 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。

如：

He looked worried after reading the letter．

看完信后，他显得很忧虑。

When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．

当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea．

听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。

作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。

I was very pleased at the news．

听了这消息我很高兴。

He grew much tired of the work．

他十分厌倦这工作。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。

Exercise:

1）Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______(pay) by the hour.

2) She looked ___________(disappoint) at the results of the exam. 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义, 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

She found the door broken in when she came back．

她回来时发现有人破门而人。

My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．

我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。

动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法

动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。

People found the girl beaten black and blue. 人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。

(宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue．

(主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think,consider等

We thought the game lost．

我们认为球赛输了。

I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。

She felt a great weight taken off her mind．

她觉得心里轻松了些。

They considered the matter settled．

他们认为这问题解决了。

(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, 等

He got his tooth pulled out

yesterday．

他昨天把牙拔了。

He left the classroom, leaving his homework unfinished. 他离开了教室，作业未完成。

“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：

①

(请人)把某事做完。

She had her house repaired．

她请人把屋子修好了。

Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发?

②

遭遇某种意外情况。

He had his hat blown away on his way home．

在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。

She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。

③

完成某事

(自己也可能参与)。

I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。

He has had one thousand yuan saved this year. 他今年已存了1000元。

(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等

He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting．

他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。

The students wish the soap opera continued．

学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。

(3)

过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。

Practice:

1.

You can make yourself ___________(understand) in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. 2. --How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

--The key to solving the problem is to meet the demand _______(make) by the customers. 4. English is a language ________(speak) all around the world and is the working language of most international organizations. 5. He found a magazine ________(mark) with the owner’s name lying on the desk with the back cover ______ (tear) off. 四.过去分词短语做状语

可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。相当于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句, 若过去分词作状语, 句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系, 即是该分词动作的承受者。过去分词(短语)作状语时, 也可在其前面加上连词

when, if, once, though, unless等, 以便明确作何种状语。

高考链接

1. Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建卷)

A. seat

B. sit

C. seated

D. sat 2. The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南卷)

A. being blown down

B. blown down

C. blowing down

D. to blow down 3. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as

much as we can. (江苏卷)

A. speak.

B. speaking

C. spoken

D. to speak 4. We finished the run in less than half the time _____. (江西卷)

A. allowing

B. to allow

C. allowed

D. allows

5. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year. (浙江卷)

A. finding

B. being found

C. to find

D. found Homework: 1.Finish the exercises on grammar in this unit. 2. Preview the reading materials in Using Language.