Learning about Language教学设计(第二课时)

过去分词作状语

Once _spoken_, a word becomes a promise.

( speak ) 一言既出, 驷马难追

Once __poured____, water cannot be taken back again.

( pour ) 覆水难收

Impressed__ by the beautiful scenery,

I forgot to go back home in time. ( impress ) 流连忘返

Revision: 现在分词做状语

一．过去分词作状语的基本用法：

1. 过去分词与句子主语之间构成_被动关系。

2. 过去分词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

3. 可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。

4. 过去分词通常在句中充当以下几种状语：

被动

①

（When）

Asked what had happened, he kept silent.（时间状语）

②

Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe.

（原因状语）

③

（If）

Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.（条件状语）

④ （Though）Left alone at home, the little boy didn’t feel afraid at all. （让步状语）

⑤ The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. （伴随或方式状语）

5.过去分词+连词

过去分词作状语，常常可以在过去分词前加连词（when, if, though, once 等），以起到强调的作用，使句意更加明确。

6. 过去分词状语，相当于一个状语从句。

（伴随状语相当于一个并列句）

Rewrite the sentences, using the past participle as the adverbial. 1. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 2. If it is taken according to the instructions, the medicine has no side effect.

Taken according to the instructions, the medicine has no side effect. 3. Though he was defeated by the young player for the second time, he didn’t lose heart.

Defeated by the young player for the second time, he didn’t lose heart.

7. 过去分词的变形：

Having been done：

强调过去分词表示的动作明显先于谓语动作。

Being done: 强调过去分词表示的动作正在被执行。

Having been discussed many times,the problems were settled at last.

Being built now, the bridge can’t get through.

重难点辨析（一）：过去分词 VS 现在分词作状语

如果句子的主语和分词之间是主动关系, 用

现在分词；

如果句子的主语和分词之间是被动关系，用过去分词。

比一比，变一变

We followed the old man, and we went upstairs.

=

We were followed by the old man, and we went upstairs.

=

Following the old man, we went upstairs.

重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况



1. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. 

2. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

被动,

完成

状态

??? √

过去分词作状语中，被动形式表主动意义的词需要特别注意：

常见的有：

excite, surprise, amuse, interest, frighten, satisfy, disappoint,...

_______ at his son’s exam results, the father said nothing but asked him to work hard next time. ①

表人的情感的使动词

Disappointed (disappoint) ②

有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。

常见的有：

lost (迷路);

seated (坐);

hidden (躲);

lost / absorbed in (沉溺于);

born (出身于);

dressed in (穿着)；

tired of （

厌倦于）；

worried about （担心

）；

based on （基于）；

devoted to / buried in（专心于）

Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. 使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况



忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语(或主动或被动)。如：



If heated, _______.



people can turn water into gas



B. one can change ice into water 

C. ice turns into water



D. people get water from ice

★

若分词主语与句中主语不一致,则可以用其他方法来修正:

①

给分词添加自己的主语,构成独立主格结构或改变语态。

②改为相应的状语从句来表达。

③用with复合结构等。

分词做状语，一般它的逻辑主语是整个句子的主语，

但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，

其实就是在分词前面有名词出现，

这种情况叫独立主格结构。

如:完成作业后,孩子们出去踢足球了。

Finished their homework, the children went out to play football.

①

Their homework finished,……

(独立主格结构) ②

Having finished their homework, ……

(现在分词完成形式) ③

With their homework finished,……

(with的复合结构) ④

After finishing their homework, ……(介词+动名词)

As there was no bus, I had to walk home. There being no bus , I had to walk home.

When his work was done, he sat down for a cup of coffee.

His work done, he sat down for a cup of coffee.

Because the rain had stopped, he went out for a walk.

The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.

★有些含有分词的固定插入语, 其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。如: Judging from/by…

从…….来判断;

Generally (frankly/exactly/….) speaking,

一般地(坦率地/确切地)说; Considering…

考虑到……;

Talking of…

说到….;

Supposing/ Provided/ Providing that…

假使….; To be honest,

/To tell the truth,

老实说；说实话



______ from his accent, he must come from southern China.



Judged;

B. Judging ;



To judge

D. Judge

分词作状语答题记忆口诀

分词作状语，主语是关键。

逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。

主语找出后，再来判关系。

主动-ing,被动用-ed。

Having been done 表先后，

千万要牢记。

Practice makes perfect

I. 选词填空

build

frighten

follow

shoot

see Frightened 1.__________by noises in the night, the girl no longer

dared to sleep in her room. 2.Lady returned home,__________ by two policemen. 3._________in 1949, the bridge is over 50 years old. 4._________ from the hill, the city is beautiful. 5. Although _________ in the leg, he continued firing at the police. followed Built Seen shot II. 多项选择

1. _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Founded

B. It was founded

C. Being founded

D. Founding

2. (2010) ____at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.

A. Looking

B. Look

C. To look

D. Looked 3. Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. being invited

D. having invited

4. ______ with the size of the whole earth,

the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

5. _______ many times, he still came to school late.

A. Having told

B. Having been told

C. Told

D. Being told

6. __________, but he still could not understand it.

7. _______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

8. Though _______ to see us, he gave us a warm welcome.

A. surprise

B. to be surprised

C. surprising

D. surprised

9. Time,

_______ correctly, is money in the bank.

A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use

10. (2011) ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating

B. Translated

C. To translate

D. Having translated

III. 译一译

1. 他在屋子时走来走去，陷入了沉思。

He walked up and down the room, ________________.

A.

Told many times

B. Having been told many times

C. He has been told many times

D. Though he had been told many times

lost in thought.

2. 训练员出现了，后面跟着四条小狗。

The trainer appeared, _____________________. followed by four little dogs. 3. 如果给我一台时间机，我将会去未来看看。

___________________________, I will pay a visit to

the future. Given a time machine

Homework

Go over “The Past Participle as the Adverbial”.