Learning about Language第一课时导学案

台山市鹏权中学

高二语法

动词Ing形式专题

复习课

2019.3.12 一、–ing形式的主动式和被动式

一般式

主动

被动

完成式

主动

被动

①

being done 作主语、宾语、表语、（动名词）、宾语补足语、定语、状语（现在分词）；

②

having been done 常作状语

，表动作发生在谓语动作之前；有时可作宾语，不作定语。

③

being done 作状语时，

动作与谓语同时进行，或发生在谓语动词之后。

二、动词

-ing的作用：指出充当什么成分？（主、宾、表、宾补、定和状语）

1. Getting on well with others needs many skills.

2. They entered the theatre, talking and laughing.

3. The man upstairs watched the children playing football in the street? 4. The teacher didn’t mind Tom’s asking her many questions. 5. His work is teaching English.

6. The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.

三、逻辑主语有五种形式（独立主格结构）

1.名词(Jim)

2.代词主格(he)

3.名词所有格(Jim’s)

4.代词宾格（him）

5.形容词性物主代词（his）

1. What worries me most is _______

________ too late every night(Julia太晚睡了). 2. The main problem is ________ _______ __________ practiced a lot. （你练习不够）

3. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

_______ _____________, we’ll do another two exercises.

4. Do you mind __________ _____________(我打开)opening the window. 5. I appreciate __________

_________to see me．

我很感激你来看我。

四、1. 作主语

Being punished by teacher was a terrible experience. 2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。

作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth, waste, fun worthwhile等。

常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：

It is / was

a waste of time doing

It is useless doing sth. It is / was no good / use doing

It is / was worth/worthwhile doing

五、v-ing 做宾语

1. 动词宾语(后跟doing的动词) (1)在及物动词后,只能接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，allow, permit, forbid, enjoy，advise, keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，

miss，practice，

enjoy, finish ,cannot stand, excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk, mind等

(2)need, want, require, worth，deserve(值得)后面接doing也可以表示被动。

need doing =need to be done 2. 介词宾语

下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：

devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to,

stick to，be used to/ be accustomed to,

thanks to , due to, owing to等

3. 形容词宾语

be busy doing sth.

be worth doing

4. doing和to do 作宾语的区别

(1) doing和to do 作宾语完全不同

1) stop to do sth. 停下来,做另一件事

stop doing sth 停止正在做的事

2) forget to do

忘记要去做某事。(未做)

forget doing

忘记做过某事。

(已做) 3) remember to do 记得去做某事

(未做)

remember doing

记得做过某事

(已做) 4) go on doing

继续做原来做的事

go on to do

接着做另一件事

5)mean doing 意味着要做某事

mean to do 想要做某事

6) try doing

试着做某事

try to do

努力做某事

7)be used to doing

习惯于做某事

be used to do

被用来做某事

8)can't help doing

禁不住做某事

can‘t help to do

不能帮助做某事

（2）doing和to do 作宾语区别不大

在begin, continue, intend, start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。

（3）doing作宾语习惯动作，to do 作宾语具体的动作

love, like, hate, prefer,

5.

allow, advise, permit, forbid特殊动词

后面有名词或代词作宾语, 用不定式做宾语补足语，allow sb. to do sth. 如果没有宾语，直接用-ing形式做宾语

allow doing sth.

6. 注意被动意义The children enjoy being taught by the English teacher.

六、-ing作表语

1. 系动词be, turn, go, grow, become, get(变得), look(看起来), sound (听起来), feel (摸起来), seem, appear(似乎),remain ,stay, keep等

2. -ing用作动名词（名词），作表语

Her hobby is painting.

3. 作表语

My dream is being admitted into Qinghua University.

This kind of work is tiring. V-ing 用作形容词，作表语

4. V-ing，V-ed 作表语的区别

现在分词作表语

V-ing =adj. 主语通常是事物

过去分词作表语

V-ed = adj. 主语通常是人

English is very interesting. I'm interested in English．

amazing ~ amazed

boring ~ bored

relaxing ~ relaxed

pleasing ~pleased

surprising ~surprised

exciting ~excited

disappointing ~disappointed

tiring ~tired

七、V-ing 作定语

1. 单个V-ing作前置定语表作用、动作或状态

the sleeping beauty

V-ing短语作后置定语，意义上相当于定

语从句

the boy running on the playground

2. doing , to do , done 做定语的（主动时）区别：

1)doing：现在进行，主动

The boy sitting by the window is Tom.

2)to do：未来,将要做的事情

I have something to do this evening.

3)done：完成,被动

The broken bike was sent to the repairman. The boy praised by the teacher is an excellent student.

1. During the days ____________(come)we will make good preparations for the sports meeting. 2. The woman ______________ (look) at her map is a relative of my mother. 3. Einstein was one of the greatest scientist

_________ (respect) by the people.

被动式：being done, to be done, done

1)The building being built now is our school.

ving 现在分词作后置定语

2)The building to be built next year is our school.

to do 动词不定式做后置定语

3)The building built last year is our school.

done过去分词作后置定语

八、使用- ing形式作状语需注意的问题。

1. 分词

(短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。

如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。

Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.

The building being built，we can’t go through.

2. –ing的一般式和完成式的用法区别

–ing形式的一般式(doing)所表示该动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词

之后。

–ing形式的完成式(having done)所表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前。

doing,

done,

to do做状语的区别

doing：现在进行，主动

He came into the classroom smiling.

他笑着走进教室。

to do：未来，目的状语

The thief killed the man only to get his necklace.

小偷杀了那个人只是为了得到他的项链。

done：完成, 被动

Punished by his teacher, he felt very upset. 被老师惩罚了，他赶到很伤心。

九、宾语补足语

1. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：

我看见他正在上楼。

I saw him going upstairs.

我们看着她在过大街。

We watched her crossing the street.

我们听见她在房间里唱歌。We heard her singing in her room。

2 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：

I won’t have you doing that.

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

You won’t catch me doing that again. ②

I see a whale _________ (tie) by ropes from a Japanese whaling ship. doing , to do , done 做宾补的区别：

（1）感官动词

see sb. doing：正在进行

I saw him stealing things. see sb. do sth.：全过程

I saw girls play basketball yesterday. see sb. done：被动

Yesterday we saw a man hit by a policeman. （2）使役动词

have sb. do sth. 是某人做某事

have sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做

have sb. done 使某人被(遭受)…

have sth. done 使别人做…

Exercises 1. 用动词的适当形式填空

1.The movie Kung fu Panda is worth ________

(see) again. 2.The bird is lucky enough to miss ________

(shoot). 3.She was angry for ____________(not invite). 4.I don't mind _________________(laugh at). 5.When I was a child I used to enjoy

___________(take) to the seaside.

2. 单句改错

1.Most of the students enjoy asked to answer questions.

2.The question is far from being settling. 3.The building which being built is a laboratory.

4.Having given such a good gift，could he let it missing？

5.You‘ll hear the topic being discuss at the meeting.

3. 用状语形式

1. ____ _____ ___ ___ _____, he missed the first bus. 没有早起，他错过了第一趟公共汽车。

2.______ ____ ___ _______ ____ ______, he stood up. 由于被要求回答这个问题，他站了起来。

3. _______ ______ ___ __________, he stopped to have a rest.

已经完成了作业，他停下来休息。

4.___ ______ _____ _____ ______,

she didn’t know what he wanted.

没有与约翰谈过，她不知道他想要什么。

5. __________________________, he is afraid of snakes.

由于他曾经被蛇咬过，他很害怕蛇。