Grammar第一课时教学实录

语法专项（一）时态

课题

必修5语法复习

时态

考点、知识点

1. 掌握英语不同时态的概念和用法。

学习目标

2. 区分和运用英语的不同时态。

3. 了解英语的句子时态美，培养英语学习的兴趣。

重、难点

现在完成时的具体的理解和用法

学习内容

一．语法导入

语法导入。

英语时态是谓语动词的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式，常用的有（8+2）种时态

Task1. 英语中常用的10种时态

1.

一般现在时

（1）

表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为。还表示现状、特征或真理、永恒的客观事实。

（2）

在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表示“意愿”。但是不表示时态。时间状语从和让步状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。

（3）

表示已经安排、计划妥当的，十分确定的将来的动作或状态，用一般现在时代替将来，但仅限于go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, return等少数动词。

2.

一般过去时

（1）

表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常常给出过去的点时间。如three days ago, the other day(那天)。

（2）

在复合句中，当描述过去将来的事情时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。

3.

一般将来时

表示将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常常给出将来的时间。若表示“打算、准备、计划、即将”可以用be going to 代替shall, will；若表示预定的和安排好要做的事情或表示命令，要求等，可以用be to 代替shall, will。

4.

过去将来时

表示就过去某一时间而言，将要发生的动作。常常有过去的动作

观察学习

观察学习，记住并运用。

学生活动

课时

1 授课班级

时态

陪衬。

5.

现在完成时

表示到说话时刻为止研究做或尚未做过的动作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days, 等词语做状语。

注意：give, see, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但是在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的since和for短语连用，因为点时间动词不能够延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看做一种可延续的状态。

6.

过去完成时

表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前已经做或尚未做的动作。

7.

现在进行时

（1）

表示现状正在进行的动作；

（2）

有时候用现在进行时表一般将来时，表示不久将要发生的动作，主要用于come, go, leave, arrive, start.等动词。

8.

过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作；句中常有过去的点时间或过去动作陪衬。

9.

现在完成进行时

表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在还在进行的动作。

10.

过去完成进行时

表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间还在进行的动作。

Task2. 指出下列句子的不同时态

1. She regretted telling Jane about her own affairs. _____________________ 2. My neighbor does outdoor exercises every morning. ________________ 3. When he arrives, I will let you know. ______________________ 4. The train from Harbin arrives at 5:30 this afternoon. ________________ 5. When are you going to answer them? _____________ 6. The meeting is to be held next Monday. ____________ 7. Mike has been here for a year. ____________ 8. He said he would not come home that day. _______________

9.The manager is studying the contract.____________ 10. She said she would give me a gift when she came again.______________ 11.The train is leaving in 5 minutes. ______________ 12. At 9 pm last night, I was watching football on TV. 13. You have been working for hours. You should stop to have a rest. _________ 14. When the secretary came in and interrupted us, we had been talking for an hour. _______ 二．重难点探究

探究点一：语境中的过去式，往往表示“刚才、刚刚”之意，暗指现在已经“不再这样”。

1. ---Nancy is not coming tonight. ---But she promised. 2. ---Come on in, Peter, I want to show you something. ---Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. 探究点二：表示愿望、打算一类的词。如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望或意图。

I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow. 探究点三：某些固定句式中的动词时固定的，约定俗成的。

1.This / It is the first/ second/ third...time +that(从句)；从句一般用现在完成时。如果把is改为was，则that从句用过去完成时。

This is the first time that I have come here. It was the third time that he had made the same mistake 2. It is / It has been + 一段时间+since从句。Since从句中一般用过去时；如果将前面的is 改为was,则since从句中用过去完成时。

It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 3. be about to do...when ...意为“正在干……突然……”

I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 4. be (was/were)+doing...when... 意为“正在干……突然……”

They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.

5. it + be + 一段时间+before从句

这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来；意为多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。

It won’t be long before he succeeds. (=He will succeed soon.) It was ten years before they met again. (=they met again ten years later.) 三．课后练习

1. He has been writing the composition the whole morning and he still ________.D A.has been

B.does

C.has

D.is 2. We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we ________ out his address yet, A A.haven’t found

B.hadn’t found

C.didn’t find

D.don’t find

3. See the clouds! It ________ rain!B A.will

B.is going to

C.must

D.certainly 4. Is this the third time that you ________ late?A A.have been

B.am

C.was

D.had been 5. The pen I ________ I ________ is on my desk，right under my nose.B A.think; lost

B.thought; had lost C.think; had lost

D.thought; lost 6. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now.A A.hasn’t written

B.doesn’t write

C.won’t write

D.hadn’t written

7. When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________ for about an hour.D A.had gone

B.had set off

C.had left

D.had been away 8. —Oh，it’s you? I didn’t recognize you. B —I ________ my hair cut，and I ________ new glass. A.had; was wearing

B.have had; am wearing

C.had; wore

D.have had; wear 9.My uncle said that he would telephone but I _____from him so far. C A.didn’t hear

B.hadn’t heard C.haven’t heard

D.won’t hear