Listening and vocabulary教学设计方案

七选五解题指导

七选五(阅读补全题)以考查细节理解为主。体裁以说明文和议论文居多，且结构清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。短文的特点如下：

(1)选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右；

(2)短文篇章结构常为：提出问题——解决问题；

(3)七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类；

(4)选项均为完整句子，句型不一。

五年高考课标卷Ⅰ阅读补全题量统计表

题量分布

考点

2010课标

2011课标

2012课标

2013课标

2014课标

·全国Ⅰ

·全国Ⅰ

·全国Ⅰ

·全国Ⅰ

·全国Ⅰ

主题句

过渡句

细节

一、“三十二字”解题技巧攻克阅读理解“七选五”

第一步：阅读短文，把握中心。考生拿到“七选五”试题后，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。虽然文章中有五处空缺，但这并不妨碍考生通过逻辑推理，大致了解文章的主要内容。

第二步：根据挖空，理清思路。在阅读过程中要关注文章挖空位置，确定解题思路，选出相关答案。

第三步：上下求索，瞻前顾后。挖空位置中所选择的句子应与前后句保持一致。做题时，要学会瞻前顾后，关注选项中体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词，以确定答案。

第四步：确定答案，代入检查。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的题，读完整篇文章；然后重新阅读相关句子，重点做刚才没做出的或不确定的题，同时检查已选出的答案，确保回填的句子与段落主题相符，并与前后句子逻辑相关。

二、根据挖空位置，确定解题思路

解答“七选五”时，首先要快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章空缺了五处，而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，考生在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。对此，考生可以通过关注文章挖空所在的位置，利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。

1．如果挖空位置在段首

(1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容，考生应该会发现，通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则，推断出该段的主题句。这对考生把握本段和理解全文是有指导性意义的。

(2014·高考北京卷)75.________Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. A．Make choices that are right for you. B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

(2)关注与后文的关系。着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词，然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，以确定答案。

【例句】________They say it’s boring to hear the same songs all the time.But 1

other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places.They say it helps them relax and feel calm.One way or another，Muzak affects everyone.Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A．Some people don’t like Muzak. B．Muzak tends to help people understand music better. 。

2．如果挖空位置在段尾

通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。如以下例句，挖空位置在段尾，空格前的三句论述内容是“保护眼睛抵抗紫外线辐射，长期待在阳光下对眼睛有害，无论什么季节，戴眼镜很重要”，所以得出的结论是戴眼镜可以适当地保护你的眼睛，故C项正确。

【例句】Protect against UV rays (紫外线)．Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is，it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.________ C．They can properly protect your eyes. D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. 3．如果挖空位置在段中

挖空位置如果在段中，则其所填句子含义应与前后句保持一致。因此，考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后，关注体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。常见的表示前后句逻辑关系的关联词有：

(1)递进关系：also，in addition，what’s more，for example，in other words，second，besides等。

【例句】There are a number of things you can do to beat your fears.One important approach is to become an expert in your problem.There are countless books and websites providing up-to-date theories and explanations about fears.________If you become expert in your fear，you will be able to make good decisions about the best treatment to overcome it. A．You can also go to lectures and workshops. B．Making some simple changes to your diet can make you look good.

(2)转折关系：but，however，yet，otherwise，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of等。

(2014·高考辽宁卷)Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜)．Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.40.________Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition. E．Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight. F．Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.

(3)因果关系：why，because，so，for this reason，thus，for，as，since，therefore，as a result等。

【例句】If you listen to Muzak carefully，you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs to be used as Muzak，but others are happy when their songs are chosen.Why？________ A．Some people don’t like Muzak. B．Muzak tends to help people understand music better. C．They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.

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(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ) Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often：ability，money，and time.16.________ Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：

1．Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already？17.________ 2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？18.________ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3．19.________ This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start.20.________ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A．Try new things. B．Ability is easily improved. C．Make three or four instead.

D．Understand your food better. E．Cooking is a burden for many people. F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

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(2014·东北三省四市第二次联合考试)Trust has been considered as the basis of any relationship，including friendship.No relationship can last long with a lack of trust.Not many of your friends will have real faith in you as you would like to believe.1.________Sometimes，it takes years，even a complete lifetime，to trust someone.However，how do we know if our friends have faith in us? 2．________With whom will you share things that you don’t want everyone to know？It would be with a close friend，whom you trust as much as you trust yourself. Whom do you look up to for advice when you need it the most？It has to be either your parents or your friends.3.________This is a shining example of trust.You only seek advice from people you hold in high regard and find dependable.The friends who trust you will never forget to include you in the important decisions of their life. Arguments and heated discussions are a part of every relationship，and this is also true for friendship.4.________While some people find it difficult to forgive and forget，your friends will never have problems moving on.It is because they trust you and believe that you will never cause any pain to them on purpose. There are times in life when you find yourself a lonely soldier.5.________Your friends will never let you down and will strongly stand for you when you need encouragement.You can determine that they trust you and believe in your beliefs if they side with you when you need them the most. 3

A．People can be extraordinarily jealous sometimes. B．You know they will never pass on a wrong suggestion. C．In fact，winning trust is，by far，the most challenging aspect of relationships. D．Two people can’t have the same reactions to a situation and different opinions do exist. E．No matter how close you are to your friends，you can’t take that comfort level for granted. F．If your friends share their secrets，there’s a good possibility that they have much faith in you. G．However，people fortunate to have been blessed with true friends are never alone in any battle. B

(2014·太原二模)Neil Gaiman is an English author of lots of science fiction and fantasy works.1.________His argument is that children shouldn’t be discouraged from reading what adults may think of as bad books.He is dead right. A child in a library is an explorer venturing into a land where he has no map to guide him.This is part of the excitement.Everything is new.2.________His taste is yet unformed，and it cannot be formed until he has tried a variety of thing. Not knowing what books are good or bad，an eager child will try very different things.3.________At the age of eleven or twelve，I still read Enid Blyton Stevenson’s Kidnapped，was happily terrified by ghost stories and desperately wanted to be Rupert of Hentzau，a most attractive evil character in literature. A child reads for enjoyment from all sorts of books.I can’t remember when I stopped reading comics like the Wizard and Hotspur，but I’m pretty sure that my reading of them continued even while I was delighted in Sherlock

Holmes or in the short stories of HG

Wells. 4．________Never say“Don’t read that rubbish”or“You’re too young for that”．If he is really too young and the book is beyond him，he’ll put it aside.If he doesn’t，then he’s not too young，even if he misses much that an adult reader would find in it. The only useful thing an adult can do is to give a child a book and say，“I think you might enjoy this.”Don’t complain if he doesn’t like it and turns to something you think is bad.5.________ A．Anything he reads may be attractive，too. B．Everybody has a secret world inside of themselves. C．For the young reader even a bad book has its own value. D．Adults should be careful in what they say to a child about his reading. E．Almost everyone who reads widely as an adult has read wildly as a child. F．The world always seems brighter when you’ve just made something that wasn’t there before. G．He is also a productive blogger and the point he gave in one of his blogs surely makes sense.

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