Using LanguageⅡ教学设计及教案分析

Unit 2 Cloning

About topic the structures 单元话题和结构

the 本单元的中心话题是“克隆”。克隆意为无性繁殖，克隆技术即无性繁殖and 技术。1997年英国罗斯林研究所实验成功的克隆羊Dolly，是首次利用体细胞克隆成功的，它在生物工程史上揭开了新的一页。通过本单元学习，学生可以了解什么是克隆、克隆的利弊以及对克隆技术的反思。

通过本单元的语言技能训练，要求学生进一步熟悉和运用有关接受与拒绝、表扬与鼓励、不关心的表达方。

本单元语言功能项目是：接受、拒绝；表扬和鼓励；漠然。

本单元语言结构项目是“复习同位语（词语、短语和从句）”。

本单元还要求学生学习写作“讨论：议论文”。

Period 1 Reading 阅读课

Warming Up

课本通过展示克隆羊Dolly、人类双胞胎、两条模样相同的小狗以及插枝繁殖的植物图片作为导入。要求学生以两人小组形式展开讨论，了解两种不同的克隆：自然的与人工的无性繁殖克隆。教师也可以采用本书的Warming up by leaning the word “clone”

进行热身教学。

Pre-reading

课本要求学生提出有关克隆的问题，并列入表内。表内已提供了四个问题帮助学生思考，以便提出更多问题展开讨论。这可以激发学生对克隆的兴趣，为阅读做好认识上和知识上的准备。表中有四个问题：什么是克隆？克隆是如何产生的？人类可以从克隆中得到什么好处？克隆人将会带来什么问题？这些问题旨在测试和诱发学生的想象力和判断力，并引发更多的思考。教师也可以采用本书的Pre-reading by questioning and answering进行预读教学。 Reading 介绍了植物与动物克隆的区别、克隆羊Dolly的诞生与死亡、由此引发的争论。帮助学生进一步认识克隆的意义在于解决医学上的难题，为人类服务。教师可以参考使用本书提供的下列程序进行本节阅读教学：

Reading aloud to the recording; Reading for forms; Reading for the type of writing and summary of CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING

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US? ;Copying and making sentences;

Reading and transforming; Reading the text again to draw a diagram of it and retell the story with your own words; Closing down by learning more about Dolly Period 2 Learning about language 知识课

Learning about Language

分为词汇和语法两方面的训练。Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元的词汇练习题; Discovering useful structures是本单元的语法练习题。通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握并运用名词性从句中同位语从句的用法。教师应紧密结合教材，根据教学大纲进行辅导讲解,应充分利用教材和本书中提供的大量的系统性、针对性强的各种素材,采用讲解、讨论、

答疑等方式培养学生运用所学语法知识与技能解决实践问题的能力。另外，学生应重视自学和自学能力的培养，逐渐熟悉语法项目内容，多看多练，以达到熟能生巧的目的。教师可以参考使用本书提供的下列程序进行教学：Warming up by reading aloud to the tape the text CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US? ；

Learning about appositive；Building up on your word power；Discovering useful words and expressions；Discovering and distinguishing；Closing down by talking about cloning Period 3 Using language 运用课

Using Language

课本分两部分。“Reading, discussing and writing”

中提供了一篇关于“恐龙的回归”的阅读材料，讲述了人类自开始克隆动物研究以来一直想要克隆已经绝种动物的愿望，并指出克隆绝种动物的条件，从而得出结论：恐龙的重生仅仅是个梦想而已。阅读文章后的问题充分利用学生的想象力，需要独立思考获得答案。同时提供了四种绝种不到一万年，值得通过克隆恢复的动物的名称及其绝种的年份，要求学生利用表格提供的信息选出最值得克隆的动物并给出充分的理由；最后要求写成一份报告。这项写作富有挑战性，需要学生大胆想象，以理服人。“Listening and speaking”部分学生听完一段关于克隆是否对动物残忍的对话之后，首先交流听力内容，然后展开讨论，让学生发表自己的看法。这项练习不仅有助于提高学生的听说能力，更能激发他们对克隆动物健康的关注以及对克隆技术发展前景的再思考，具有现实意义。教师可以参考使用本书提供的下列程序进行教学：Warming up by reading aloud the

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text on page 11 to the tape；Reading for forms；Discussing about extinct animals；Listening and talking about cloning；Closing by looking and saying 实际教学过程课时划分建议

Period 1

Period 2 将Warming Up、 Pre-reading、Reading和Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。

将Learning about language 和Workbook中的

USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS、USING STRUCTURES 整合在一起上一节“语言知识课”。

Period 3 将Using language 设计为一节包括听说读写单项技能或组合技能训练的“综合技能课（一）”。

Period 4 将Workbook 的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING整合在一起上一节“听说课”。

Period 5 将Workbook 的LISTENING TASK、READING AND WRITING TASK和 SPEAKING TASK整合为一节“综合技能课（二）”。

第二部分

教学资源说明

Section 1 围绕单元话题“Festival around the world”，这些材料既可以作为教师Background 教学参考材料为教师所用，也可以直接或改写、重组后作为课堂内外的拓背景

Section 2 展性阅读材料呈现给学生。

重点针对“阅读课型”中的课文难句，就句论句的解析和翻译，而且还以Explanation 解析的焦点话题为线索，进行了一定的归纳、辨析和总结，以帮助教师更解析

Section 3 Vocabulary 词汇

好地实施“语言形式”的教学。

重点提供动词、短语搭配的讲解。所提供的例句，经典、地道、实用、易懂，完全可以直接用于教学。

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Part 1 Teaching Design 教学设计

Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading (CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?) Introduction In this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to pre-read the text by questioning and answering. Then they shall read aloud to the recording, read for forms, read for the type of writing and summary of CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?. The students will be asked to copy useful expressions and make sentences, read and transform and read the text again to draw a diagram of it and retell the story with your own words. The period will end in students learning more about Dolly.

Objectives To help students understand the text’s forms and contents

and

learn about cloning To help students communicate on the topic in focus with the words, expressions and structures learned in this unit Focus Words clone， differ， undertake， cast，forbid，accumulate， retire，bother， resist， restore，obtain Collocations object to，in favour of，pay off Patterns 1. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. 2. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. 3. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 4．The question that occurred to the scientists was：“Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals？” 5．Newspapers told stories of

evil leaders hoping

to clone themselves and religious leaders raised moral questions.

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Aids Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams Procedures 1. Warming up by leaning the word “clone” Scientist in Scotland grows "impossible" sheep from one cell of another sheep. clone n. 1. A cell, group of cells, or organism that is descended from and genetically identical to a single common ancestor, such as a bacterial colony whose members arose from a single original cell. 2. An organism descended asexually from a single ancestor, such as a plant produced by layering or a polyp produced by budding. 3. A DNA sequence, such as a gene, that is transferred from one organism to another and replicated by genetic engineering techniques. 4. One that copies or closely resembles another, as in appearance or function: "filled with business-school clones in gray and blue suits" Michael M. Thomas. v. cloned, clon·ing, clones

1. To make multiple identical copies of (a DNA sequence). 2. To create or propagate (an organism) from a clone cell: clone a sheep. 3. To reproduce or propagate asexually: clone a plant variety. 4. To produce a copy of; imitate closely: "The look has been cloned into cliché" Cathleen McGuigan. 2. Pre-reading by questioning and answering What is cloning? We define cloning as production of a cell or organism with the same nuclear genome as another cell or organism. Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. A clone in the biological sense, therefore, is a single cell (like bacteria, lymphocytes etc.) or multi-cellular organism that is genetically identical to another living organism. Sometimes this can refer to "natural" clones made either when an organism

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reproduces asexually or when two genetically identical individuals are produced by accident (as with identical twins), but in common parlance the clone is an identical copy by some conscious design. Also see clone (genetics). The term clone is derived from the Greek word for "twig". In horticulture, the spelling clon was used until the twentieth century; the final e came into use to indicate the vowel is a "long o" instead of a "short o". Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context, the spelling clone has been used exclusively. 3. Reading aloud to the recording

Whole language teachers affirm that reading aloud teaches you the students about language in a way that silent or independent reading never can. Reading aloud to the tape helps you the students develop and improve language skills -- reading, writing, speaking, and listening. And since you the students listen on a higher level than you read, listening to other readers stimulates growth and understanding of vocabulary and language patterns. So why not hurry to listen and read to the tape-recording of the text we are going to learn today? 4. Reading for forms Read the text again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken

the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. 5. Reading for the type of writing and summary of CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US? Determining the type of writing will help you determine the author’s topic (subject), purpose (why he is writing), style (how he should write) and tone (his attitude toward his subject - supportive, condeming, objective, etc.) It is important to find main ideas when reading. Main ideas help you remember important information. The main idea of a paragraph tells the topic of the paragraph. The topic tells what all or most of the sentences are about. The other sentences in the paragraph are called details. Details describe or explain the main idea. Read the text to find the main idea.

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CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US? Type of writing: an expository writing

Paragraph 1: What is cloning? It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. Where does it happen?

This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones，and when small parts of a plant are taken/ and/ grown/ in a laboratory．It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that they are natural clones of each other．

Paragraph 2: What are the two uses of cloning? Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and medical research on animals. What is the procedure of cloning Dolly? The procedure works like this：

1. Female sheep A provides an egg cell. 2. The nucleus is removed from the egg cell. 3. The egg cell is ready for a new nucleus. 4. Female sheep B provides a somatic cell for the clone. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 5. The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell. 6. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity. 7. The cell divides and grows into an embryo. 8. The embryo is put into female sheep C. 9. The lamb is the clone of the donated cell from Sheep B which provided the nucleus. Paragraph 3: What is the progress of the first successful clone，Dolly the sheep?

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She seemed to develop normally．Then Dolly had become seriously ill. Dolly lived for six years，half the length of the life of the original sheep. Dolly successfully produced a lamb in a natural birth．

Paragraph 4: What did Dolly’s appearance raise? Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination．

Paragraph 5: What are governments and countries attitudes towards cloning? Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning. Some countries such as China and the UK continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. 6. Copying and making sentences You are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. You may make your own sentences with each of these expressions. Collocations from CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US? a way of…一种……的方法, make an exact copy of…生产与原型完全相同的……, grow…

in a laboratory在实验室里种植……, identical in sex and appearance性别和相貌相同的,be natural clones of each other自然克隆现象, have two major uses有两大用途, all the time 一直, produce commercial quantities of…

生产大量的供商用的……, research on…在……方面的研究, the cloning of animals克隆动物, undertake a procedure处理程序，attempts to do…尝试做……, the determination and patience of…，……的决心和耐心，be rewarded, 得到回报, with a breakthrough有一个突破, work like this程序如下, follow the progress of…关注……的成长, develop normally正常的成长, the disturbing news that………的坏消息，become seriously ill病重, be cast down to do…

很沮丧地做……, affect other species 影响其他的物种, cloned mice克隆鼠, occur to…浮现在……的脑海里, a major difficulty for…一个……的主要困难, half the length of the life of ………的寿命的一半, despite the problems尽管有这些问题, produce a lamb生产了一只小羊, in a natural birth自然生产的方式, on

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the other hand另一方面, raise a storm of objections引起了一阵强烈的反对, have a great impact on…

对……产生了巨大的影响, become controversial引起了争议, open everybody’s eyes to…使大家明白 , use… to cure serious illnesses利用……来治疗重病, produce human beings克隆人类,

tell stories of…

报道……, clone themselves 克隆他们自己, become nervous 开始惶恐不安, forbid research into… 禁止……的研究, accumulate evidence of…

收集……的证据

7. Reading and transforming CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US? What is cloning? Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of

another animal and plant.

What are the two major uses Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce of cloning? commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and medical research on animals.

What is the progress of She seemed to develop normally in the beginning. Then Dolly the sheep? Dolly had become seriously ill. Dolly lived

for six years，half the length of the life of the original sheep.

What did Dolly’s Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination．

appearance raise? How did governments react Governments became nervous and many forbade research to the technology of into human cloning.

cloning? 8. Reading the text again to draw a diagram of it and retell the story with your own words Writers structure, or organize, their writing in many different ways. Recognizing the way in which a text has been organized will help you understand its meaning more fully.

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CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US? a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant Cloning’s two major uses: using it to produce commercial quantities of plants; valuable for research on new plant species and medical research on animals Would Dolly’s illnesses be a major difficulty for all cloned animals?

Dolly’s appearance raising a storm of objections

Scientists still wondering whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.

9. Closing down by learning more about Dolly To end this class, let’s get to know more about Dolly.

Celebrity Sheep Has Died at Age 6

Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way.

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