Grammar名师教学视频（文字实录）

不定式的用法要点

一般式

进行式

完成式

完成进行式

主动

to do

to be doing

to have done

to have been doing 被动

to be done

X

to have been done

X 一、不定式的时态

1.不定式的一般式(to do) 表示不定式的动作与谓语动词几乎同时发生或在它之后发生。

I am glad to see you. (同时)

He has decided to give her some money. (将来) 2.不定式的进行式(to be doing) 表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生。

He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him 3.不定式的完成式(to have done) 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 不定式用法

一、不定式作主语

To obey the laws is important。

It is important to obey the laws. It is +adj.+ of sb./for sb.to do sth(不定式作主语时,常用

it作形式主语,把真正主语to do放句子后面）

二、不定式作表语

My wish is to be a teacher.

He is to clean the room. 三、不定式作宾语

We could do nothing but_____.(wait) We had nothing to do but_____.(wait) We have no choice but_______.(wait) 用不定式做宾语的动词

ask want decide seem promise pretend agree wish hope afford fail demand refuse manage expect happen offer beg learn plan 等。

四、不定式作定语

(1)不定式作定语表将来。

(2)不定式作定语常与被修饰名词构成动宾关系。

(3)在there be句型中,多用不定式主动态。

(4)名词被the first/the last等序数词,最高级或no,all,any修饰后接不定式作定语。

There is nothing ____________. 没什么担心的。

Please give me a knife __________.

请给我一把用来切东西的小刀。

Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 不定式的主动表被动

(1)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，用主动态。

Do you have a knife to cut the apple? (2).不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动态。

She has a sister to look after. (3)sb/sth be adj. to do 句型中不定式动词作表语形容词的状语，又和主语有逻辑上动宾关系时，不定式主动表被动。

This book is difficult to understand. She is easy to get on with. The morning air is good to breathe. 五、不定式作状语

I am very glad to see you. (

) He sat down to have a rest.(

) In order to serve the people well, I study hard.(

) He woke up to find everybody gone.(

) I hurried to get there,only to find him out.(

) 不定式单独使用

To tell (you) the truth,…说实话

To be honest,…老实说

To be frank,…坦白的说

To make matters worse,…更糟的是

六、不定式作宾语补足语

(1)使役动词

have sb do/doing/ done

get sb to do/doing/done

make sb do / done

let sb do / done (2)感官动词see,watch,notice,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel sb do(全过程)/doing(正在做)/done(被动)/being done(正在做的被动) (3) With sb doing主动/done被动/ to do(将来) 注意：动词不定式作动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官动词以及have, let, make等使役动词的宾语补足语时，不定式to要略掉。但被动态时要带to。

They made the workers work day and night. =The workers were made to work day and night. 七、特殊疑问词+不定式结构

When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.{} My question was how to get so many books?{} I didn’t know what to do.{} 注意句型：Why not do sth.?为什么不……？

=Why don’t you do sth.? 八、不定式符号to的保留问题

(1)为了避免重复，不定式后的动词可以省略。

I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. (2)但在省略的不定式结构中有be, have, have been, 这些词要保留。

－Are you on holiday? －No, but I’d like to be.