Using LanguageⅡ教学设计(教案)

选修八Unit2 Cloning 教学设计 本单元的中心话题是“克隆”。克隆意为无性繁殖，克隆技术即无性繁殖技术。1997年英国罗斯林研究所实验成功的克隆羊Dolly，是首次利用体细胞克隆成功的，它在生物工程史上揭开了新的一页。通过本单元学习，学生可以了解什么是克隆、克隆的利弊以及对克隆技术的反思。通过本单元的语言技能训练，要求学生进一步熟悉和运用有关接受与拒绝、表扬与鼓励、不关心的表达方式。

1.

Warming Up 通过展示克隆羊Dolly、人类双胞胎、两条模样相同的小狗以及插枝繁殖的植物图片作为导入。要求学生以两人小组形式展开讨论，了解两种不同的克隆：自然的与人工的无性繁殖克隆。

2.

Pre-reading 要求学生提出有关克隆的问题，并列入表内。表内已提供了四个问题帮助学生思考，以便提出更多问题展开讨论。这可以激发学生对克隆的兴趣，为阅读做好认识上和知识上的准备。表中有四个问题：什么是克隆？克隆是如何产生的？人类可以从克隆中得到什么好处？克隆人将会带来什么问题？这些问题旨在测试和诱发学生的想象力和判断力，并引发更多的思考。

3.

Reading 介绍了植物与动物克隆的区别、克隆羊Dolly的诞生与死亡、由此引发教材分析

的争论。帮助学生进一步认识克隆的意义在于解决医学上的难题，为人类服务。教材设计的目的是既训练学生阅读技能，又了解克隆技术以及有关的争议。

4.

Comprehending 部分是在阅读的基础上，通过填表格与问答的形式，层层深入；首先检查学生对课文以及作者意图的理解，然后要求学生发表自己对克隆的见解。

5.

Learning about Language 分为词汇和语法两方面的训练。Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元的词汇练习题; Discovering useful structures是本单元的语法练习题。通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握并运用名词性从句中同位语从句的用法。

6.

Using Language 分两部分。“Reading, discussing and writing”

中提供了一篇关于“恐龙的回归”的阅读材料，讲述了人类自开始克隆动物研究以来一直想要克隆已经绝种动物的愿望，并指出克隆绝种动物的条件，从而得出结论：恐龙的重生仅仅是个梦想而已。阅读文章后的问题充分利用学生的想象力，需要独立思考获得答案。 同时提供了四种绝种不到一万年，值得通过克隆恢复的动物的名称及其绝种的年份，要求学生利用表格提供的信息选出最值得克隆的动物并给出充分的理由；最后要求写成一份报告。这项写作富有挑战性，需要学生大胆想象，以理服人。“Listening and speaking”部分学生听完一段关于克隆是否对动物残忍的对话之后，首先交流听力内容，然后展开讨论，让学生发表自己的看法。这项练习不仅有助于提高学生的听说能力，更能激发他们对克隆动物健康的关注以及对克隆技术发展前景的再思考，具有现实意义。

1.

将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。

教材重组

2.

将Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。

3.

将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。

4.

将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。

5.

将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。

Part 1: Teaching Design 第一部分：教学设计

Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?) Aims：

To help students develop their reading ability To help students learn about cloning Procedures I. Warming up by leaning the word “clone”

Clone：

n.

1. A cell, group of cells, or organism that is descended from and genetically identical to a single common ancestor, such as a bacterial colony whose members arose from a single original cell.

2. An organism descended asexually from a single ancestor, such as a plant produced by layering or a polyp produced by budding.

3. A DNA sequence, such as a gene, that is transferred from one organism to another and replicated by genetic engineering techniques.

v. cloned, clon·ing, clones

v. tr.

1. To make multiple identical copies of (a DNA sequence).

2. To create or propagate (an organism) from a clone cell: clone a sheep.

3. To reproduce or propagate asexually: clone a plant variety.

4. To produce a copy of; imitate closely: "The look has been cloned into cliché" Cathleen McGuigan.

II. Pre-reading

What is cloning?

We define cloning as production of a cell or organism with the same nuclear genome as another cell or organism.

Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. A clone in the biological sense, therefore, is a single cell (like bacteria, lymphocytes etc.) or multi-cellular organism that is genetically identical to another living organism. Sometimes this can refer to "natural" clones made either when an organism reproduces

asexually or when two genetically identical individuals are produced by accident (as with identical twins), but in common parlance the clone is an identical copy by some conscious design. Also see clone (genetics).

The term clone is derived from the Greek word for "twig". In horticulture, the spelling clon was used until the twentieth century; the final e came into use to indicate the vowel is a "long o" instead of a "short o". Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context, the spelling clone has been used exclusively.

III. Reading aloud to the recording

Whole language teachers affirm that reading aloud teaches you the students about language in a way that silent or independent reading never can.

Reading aloud to the tape helps you the students develop and improve language skills -- reading, writing, speaking, and listening. And since you the students listen on a higher level than you read, listening to other readers stimulates growth and understanding of vocabulary and language patterns.

So why not hurry to listen and read to the tape-recording of the text we are going to learn today?

IV. Reading for forms

Read the text again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken

the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions.

V. Copying and making sentences

You are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. You may make your own sentences with each of these expressions.

Expressions from CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?

a way of…一种……的方法, make an exact copy of…生产与原型完全相同的……, grow… in a laboratory在实验室里种植……, identical in sex and appearance性别和相貌相同的,be produced from…

从……中产生出来, natural clones of each other自然克隆现象, have two major uses有两大用途, all the time 一直, produce commercial quantities of…

生产大量的供商用的……, research on…在……方面的研究, the cloning of animals克隆动物, undertake a procedure处理程序，attempts to do…尝试做……, the determination and patience of…，……的决心和耐心，be rewarded, 得到回报, with a breakthrough有一个突破, work like this程序如下, follow the progress of…关注……的成长, develop normally正常的成长, the disturbing news that………的坏消息，become seriously ill病重, be cast down to do…

很沮丧地做……, affect other species 影响其他的物种, cloned mice克隆鼠, occur to…浮现在……的脑海里, a major difficulty for…一个……的主要困难, half the length of the life of ………的寿命的一半, despite the problems尽管有这些问题, produce a lamb生产了一只小羊, in a natural birth自然生产的方式, on the other hand另一方面, raise a storm of objections引起了一阵强烈的反对, have a great impact on…

对……产生了巨大的影响, become controversial引起了争议, open everybody’s eyes to…使大家明白 , use… to cure serious illnesses利用……来治疗重病, produce human beings克隆人类, tell stories of…

报道……, clone themselves 克隆他们自己, raise moral questions 提出了道德问题, become nervous 开始惶恐不安, forbid research into…

禁止……的研究, accumulate evidence of…

收集……的证据

VI. Reading and transforming

CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?

How did What are the two What is cloning?

governments What did Dolly’s major uses of progress of Dolly react to the appearance raise?

cloning?

the sheep?

technology of cloning?

What is the Firstly, She seemed to gardeners use it develop normally all the time to Dolly’s in the beginning. produce appearance raised Governments Then Dolly had Cloning is a way commercial a storm of became nervous become seriously of making an exact quantities of objections and had and many ill.

copy of another plants. Secondly, a great impact on forbade Dolly lived for animal and plant.

it is valuable for the media and research into six years，half research on new public human cloning.

the length of the plant species and imagination．

life of the medical research original sheep.

on animals.

VII. Reading the text again to draw a diagram of it and retell the story with your own words

CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?

a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant

Cloning’s two major uses: using it to produce commercial quantities of plants; valuable for research on new plant species and medical research on animals

Would Dolly’s illnesses be a major difficulty for all cloned animals?

Dolly’s appearance raising a storm of objections

Scientists still wondering whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.

VIII. Closing down by learning more about Dolly

To end this class, let’s get to know more about Dolly.

Celebrity Sheep Has Died at Age 6

Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way.

Additional Materials

Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.

CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?

Cloning is a kind of technology that makes a

1 of another animal or plant. It has two

2 uses. Firstly, gardeners use it to improve the production of some plants. Secondly, it is of great value in the

3 on new plant species and

4 research on animals. But it is not easy to do the cloning, especially in the

5 of cloning animals. In 1996, scientists cloned the sheep Dolly. She seemed to be

6 at first, but later she became seriously ill. Altogether she lived for six years. But she successfully gave

7 to a lamb. However, Dolly's

8

makes people see the

9 of using cloning to

10 serious illnesses and even producing human beings. Governments became nervous and even

11 research into human

12 . They feared that it might be not used properly. At the same time, scientists also

13 whether cloning will help or 14 us and where it is

15 us.

（Key：1. copy

2. major

3. research 4. medical 5. procedure 6. normal 7. birth 8. appearance 9. possibility 10. cure 11. forbade 12. cloning

13. wonder 14. harm 15. leading）

Notes to some difficult sentences

1.

It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from

the same original egg. 这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵产生性别与外貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。

Identical in sex and appearance 是一个形容词短语做后置定语，修饰twins。Identical twins 同卵孪生。identical 为形容词，常与with或 to 连用，表示与……完全相同。

2.

Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants.

首先，园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物。

本句中commercial (adj.商业的)和quantities of（大量的）共同修饰plants。Commercial还可以做名词，意思是广告（advertisement inserted in a TV or radio programme.）。

3.

Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 后来传来令人不安的消息，说是多利病的厉害。

本句为倒装句。主语是the disturbing news，

谓语动词是came。而that引导的是the disturbing news的同位语从句。

4.

The question that occurred to the scientists was：“Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals？”科学家们脑海里产生的问题是：“这是不是所有克隆动物都将面临的一个主要问题呢？”

occur to 为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动语态。可以在此替换使用的词有come，strike。

5.

Newspapers told stories of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves and religious leaders raised moral questions.报纸报道说，邪恶领袖希望克隆自己；宗教领袖对此提出道义问题。

本句中evil leaders hoping to clone themselves 是动名词复合结构，evil leaders和hoping…是逻辑主谓关系。

【高考链接】

1 A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. (2006 安徽)

A. if

B. when

C. that

D. which

2. ---It’s thirty years since we last met.

---Bit I still remember the story, believe it or not, _____ we got lost on a rainy night.(2006四川)

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. when

3．Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class_______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. (2006重庆)

A. why

B. that

C. where

D. because

4. There is much chance _____Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006天津)

A. that

B. which

C. until

D. if

5. Do you have any idea ______ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005辽宁)

A. that

B. what

C. as

D. which