Learning about Language教学设计及教案分析

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Learning about Language

1. In groups make word pairs with the same suffix. Add more of your own. EXAMPLE: n. adj.

convenience independence

convenient; independent

n. cube

adj. cubic basic fanciful merciful stainless careless cautious

base fancy mercy stain care caution poison

poisonous

v. expect relax

n.

adj.

v.

expectation relaxation production reduction identification satisfaction

strong long

strengthen

lengthen freeze disappoint

produce reduce

freezing disappoint ing

identify satisfy

2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning. Rewrite the sentence when necessary. 1. The greengrocer at the corner is probably the easiest and nearest to reach. most convenient 2. If you want to apply for a credit card, you must provide officially acceptable identification. valid

3. You need to approach that animal with great care as it may bite. caution 4. She accepts everything during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all. is passive 5. I found his phone number in the directory and tried to telephone him last night, but there was no reply. Later I found I dialed the wrong number. call/ring him up

6. I don’t think of my hometown very much, only sometimes. I left.

now and then 7. Luckily the rainfall stopped suddenly before abruptly 8. In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty. distinguish

3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words or phrase below. file abruptly valid product seize perfume criterion set about

When I first applied for a patent I was very

puzzled by the _______. I had produced a new criteria type of lily. I was amazed when my application

was ________ refused. The patent officer abruptly dealing with my ____ explained to me that a file

new plant variety is not a _______ invention valid

as it is a result of adjusting growth scientifically.

However, she suggested that I should produce a ________ from my new lily. With her perfume encouragement, I decided to ______ the seize opportunity to make a real invention, so I _________ my studies on developing my set about ________, for which I hope I will succeed in product applying for a patent.

Grammar 动词-ed形式作定语

动词-ed形式作表语

动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

一、动词-ed形式作定语

过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,

渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容

词

(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于

一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：

spoken English 英语口语

iced beer 冰冻啤酒

cooked food 熟食

fried chips 炸土豆条

但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示

“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如:

boiled water (开水); fallen leaves (落叶) the risen sun (升起的太阳)等。

The tall man is a returned student．

高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。

My parents are both retired teachers．

我的父母都是退休教师。

(1) 前置定语

单个的动词-ed形式, 一般放在被修饰

的名词的前面, 作前置定语。

The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。

(=the people who were excited)

Lost time can never be found again. 虚度的时光, 无法挽回。

(=time which is lost)

(2) 后置定语

①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能

作后置定语。

e.g. The books left are for my students．

剩下的书是给我的学生的。

②

动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在

被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于

一个定语从句。

Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (= that has been planned for tonight)

The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．

这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。

(=which was attended by a lot of people)

高考链接

1) Most of the artists _____ to the party were A from South Africa. (MET 90) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books _____ for teaching D English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

3) The Olympic games, _______ in 776 BC, C didn’t include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 4) Prices of daily foods ______ through a B computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春）

A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying

5) Mr. Smith, ____ of the speech, started A to read a ____ novel. (2003 北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored

C. tired, bored

D. tiring, boring

二、动词-ed形式作表语

过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”

之意, 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。

如：

He looked worried after reading the letter．

看完信后，他显得很忧虑。

When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．

当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea．

听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。

作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite 等所修饰。

I was very pleased at the news．

听了这消息我很高兴。

He grew much tired of the work．

他十分厌倦这工作。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。

高考链接

1) Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98) C A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 2) As we joined the big crowd I got ____ C from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was C making a landing. (2004 上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是

及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,

有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的

过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,

即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

She found the door broken in when she came back．

她回来时发现有人破门而人。

My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．

我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。

动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法

动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语

+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在

这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语

构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改

为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语

补足语。

People found the girl beaten black and blue.

人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。

(宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue．

(主语补足语)

(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的

动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear,

watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。

We thought the game lost．

我们认为球赛输了。

I have never heard him spoken ill of by others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。

She felt a great weight taken off her mind．

她觉得心里轻松了些。

They considered the matter settled．

他们认为这问题解决了。

(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave,

hold等。

I have my hair cut once a month．

我每个月理一次发。

He was trying to make himself understood．

他正努力使别人听懂自己。

She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。

“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：

①

(请人)把某事做完。

She had her house repaired．

她请人把屋子修好了。

Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发?

②

遭遇某种意外情况。

He had his hat blown away on his way home．

在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。

She had her wallet stolen yesterday.

昨天她的钱包被偷了。

③

完成某事

(自己也可能参与)。

I have had all my spelling mistakes Corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。

He has had one thousand yuan saved this year. 他今年已存了1000元。

(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、

命令等动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词

包括like, want, wish,

expect, order等

He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting．

他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。

The students wish the soap opera continued．

学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。

(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这

一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关

系。

The thief was brought in with

his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。

Practice 1.You can make yourself ____ in English pretty D well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 2. -- There is a hole in your bag. -- I know. I’m going to have it ______. C A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended

3. --How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? --The key ______ the problem is to meet the B demand _____ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made

4. English is a language _____ all around the B world and is the _____ language of most international organizations. A. to speak, working B. spoken, working C. speaking, worked D. spoken, worked

B 5. He found a magazine _____ with the owner’s name_____ on the desk with the

back cover _____ off. A. marking, lying, torn B. marked, lying, torn C. marked, laid, tearing D. marking, laying, tearing

高考链接

1. Can those ____ at the back of the C classroom hear me? (2008福建卷) A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat 2. The trees ____ in the storm have been B moved off the road. (2008湖南卷) A. being blown down C. blowing down B. blown down D. to blow down

3. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as C much as we can. (2008江苏卷) A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 4. We finished the run in less than half the C time _____. (2008江西卷) A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows

5. It is one of the funniest things ____ on the D Internet so far this year. (2008浙江卷) A. finding C. to find B. being found D. found

Homework 1. Finish the exercises on grammar in this unit. 2. Preview the reading materials in Using Language.