Using LanguageⅡPPT专用课堂实录内容

Teaching plan

TuDongfang Teaching content（教学内容）: Word guess-Content clue(文章线索) (一)利用同义近义词

猜词

(二) 根据语义转折猜词

(三)利用定义解释

猜词

(四)利用举例猜词

(五)利用同位语、定语

和同等关系猜词

(六) 利用背景知识猜词

Teaching goals(目标):①To improve the Ss’ability of wordguess in the reading comprehension; ②To stimulate the Ss’interest in learning English.

Teaching focus（重点）:

How to improve the Ss’ability of wordguess in the reading comprehension. Teaching difficulty（难点）:①How to improve the Ss’ability of wordguess in the reading comprehension; ②How to put the ways

into practice.

Teaching methods（方法）:Presentation-Discussion-Practice Teaching tools（教具）:Multimedia &Bb Teaching type（类型）:

Revision

Teaching procedures: Step1 Leading-in According to T’s description, get the Ss to play the guessing game.

Step2 Presentation 1.

命题分析: 《2014年全国统一高考英语考试说明（重庆）》中要求：在“读”方面，考查考生阅读理解不同文体语篇的能力。考生应能：

①理解主旨和要义

②获取具体信息

③根据语境猜测词义

④根据语境推理判断

⑤理解作者的意图、观点和态度

⑥把握文章的逻辑和结构

(

高考英语阅读中有生词是难免的，而利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考必考题型，一般占阅读总题量的10%左右。所猜词可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义；可以是大纲内或大纲外的词汇；也可能是一个词、一个短语，一句话等。)（T shows four examples to the Ss on the screen.）

2.

常见的命题方式：

①

The phrase “…” could be replaced by________. ②

The word “…” in paragraph… refers to________.

③

What is the meaning of the underlined word in the

paragraph?/What does the underlined word mean? ④

Which of the following is the closest/nearest in meaning to the

phrase “…”? ⑤

According to the passage, the word“…”is known as____. ⑥Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”? 3.

技法指导：

词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法主要有三：中心大意，构词法，文章线索。今天我们主要讨论第三种：Content Clue（文章线索）(on the Bb) Content clue（文章线索）就是指运用文章线索，联系上下文，结合英语知识和英语常识，以及所提供的背景材料，顺藤摸瓜，反复推敲,作出符合逻辑的判断，猜出单词的正确意义。

Step3 Discussion of the ways of Content Clue 1）.T gives the Ss examples on the screen; then get them to guess the words underlined and circle the content clue of every question(学生学案). 2）. Ask them to summarize the ways according to the above examples in their own words.（根据例子要求学生小组讨论、总结看看每个例题是哪种猜词方法。）

3）.(老师再呈现6种猜词方法)T shows the six ways on the screen one by one。

一）利用同义、近义词猜词

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。

常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有and, or,

like, similarly等。

Eg: Animals have different living habits．Some like to look for food at daytime and sleep at night，but some like to sleep at day time and prowl at night．

通过这些并列句可以看出prowl与look for food是同义或近义词，词义也应该是“寻找食物”。

Eg：Millions of animals die each year on roads, the highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill. 分析：从后面的同位语an endangered wild cat 可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫

Exercise1：

1. Not every historic

mansion,

church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved. 2. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar. 3. Their friends laughed at them, and my sister felt wretched, very unhappy. 答案：1.大厦

2.粗俗的，庸俗的3.不幸的，悲惨的

二) 利用语义转折猜词

对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, however, but, yet, while, whereas , the other way around(about), Just the opposite, instead of, rather than等信息词。

Eg１：Unlike her gregarious sister，Jane is a shy，unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends．

此句是把Jane与她姐姐对比。Jane生性腼腆，不爱交际，而她姐姐却与之相反，那就是“爱交际的”“Not shy”了，这也就猜出gregarious的词义了。

Eg２：This boy is not stupid；on the contrary，no one could be more intelligent than him．

通过"on the contrary"可推断出“intelligent”与stupid相反，意为“聪明的，有才智的”

分析：由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。

Exercise2:

１．One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.

A. Quite right.

B. Time enough.

C. Most unlike.

D. Just the opposite.

（分析：由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。）

２.Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous. ３. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories. ４. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented. ５. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. 答案：１．Ｄ

２.单一民族的

３.慌张

４.不同意

５.不英俊

三)利用定义、解释猜词

有些文章，尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词大多数是专业名词、生僻词汇或文中较重要的词汇，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子。如or to be, to mean, that is（to say）, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号，括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。

Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people；one player tried to get the other down on the floor．

(通过后面的定义解释：Wrestling是“两人进行的，彼此尽力把对方弄倒在地的比赛”，可以猜出wrestling是“摔跤”)

Exercise3:

Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels,

or struggling with their ballalators through the scribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can’t think of.

Q:

Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to_____. A. tools used in farming

B. ideas about modern life

C. unknown things in the future

D. hunting skills in the Stone Age [答案与解析]C

从下文的定语丛句which I have just made up,及stand for things and ideas that we simply can’t think of.推断，应该和选项C中的unknown最为接近。

四)利用举例猜词

为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。标志性词语如such as, like，for example, for instance常连接同义词组

。

例1：I have found Lucy is quite generous，for example，whenever she meets a beggar，she gives some coins to him．

分析：通过例句“每次遇到乞丐，她都会给一些硬币”可以猜测出"generous"的词义应该是“慷慨的”。

某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。

例2：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 分析：通过后面的例子：《英语世界》《中小学外语教学》《英语学习》，可知periodicals为“期刊杂志”

Exercise4:

1. Many United Nations emloyees are polyglots: Mr.Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.

2. The largest player---Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices---Deluxe Sedans, Minivans, Station Wagons, Coaches, Santana Sedans are the big favorite. 3. When writing an article, we often use similes, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”.

答案：1.通晓多国语言

2.各种不同种类的出租车名称

3.明喻

五)利用同位语、定语和同等关系猜词

为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白，作者有时运用同位语句来表达同一概念，这时可以利用这些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义。

同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义属同一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。例如：Not every historic mansion, church, battle site, theatre and public halls can be preserved. 句中mansion应和church, battle site, theater & other public的词义同属“建筑物或场所”这一范畴。常用标志词语and ,or,etc. Exercise5: 1:My uncle was a nomad，an incurable wanderer who could never stay in one place．

(作者的后半句实际是对前半句话的重复表达。通过后半句可猜出nomad就是wanderer的意思，即：流浪者。) 2（2005浙江B篇）:In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S.today .

( 此处an endangered wild cat是ocelots的同位部分，所以我们很容易推测出它是一种“野猫”。)

3: A major theme in his work is South Africa’s former apartheid system, which divided whites from blacks.

(可以利用which引导的非限制性定语从句的解释功能，很容易猜出apartheid system含义为“种族隔离政策”。) 六) 利用背景常识猜词

任何一个单词在句子中总是与其他词相关联的，我们可以通过这些前后的关联来猜测生词的词义。根据常识知识猜测词义时，要注意“度”，即：要在忠于原文信息的前提下，适当借助经验和常识来猜测词义，不能脱离原文中的实际进行夸大的猜测。

Eg1:

Young Hoover died．Over a thousand people attended his funeral．

分析:通过“年轻的胡佛去世了”，再根据我们的常识猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”。

Eg2:

All the houses in the city collapsed during the strong earthquake．

分析:凭经验我们知道：强烈的地震会使房子倒塌。据此很容易猜出collapsed是“倒塌”的意思了

(有时碰到生词，也不必惊慌，根据对上下文或整句的理解，结合日常生活常识和相关的背景知识，充分想象，合理发挥，推测出生词的含义。) Eg3：The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 本句中的lintel是生词。从句意来看，“门很矮，我的头撞到…上了”，我们不难看出lintel 的意思是“门楣”。

Exercise6：

Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second para. means__________. A. cleaning up

B. taking in

C. wiping out

D. giving out [答案与解析]B

由常识可知，雨林可以吸收空气中的CO2，所以mop up 意为“吸收，吸纳”，故选

B. 另外根据下文也可以推知答案。

结束语：任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年高考考查的热点。

（7）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

代词one，it，that，he，him或them等在英语文章中使用频繁，可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。

例如：(2005年全国卷，C篇) Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story.And even if they start again，Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.“We have more important things to do，”he said.

52.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to____. A. criminals B. pigeons C. the stolen cars D. demands for money 分析：从文中最后一段可知，they应当对应该段前面的“Demands for pigeon-delivered money”。该部分大意为“媒体报道这些事件之后，发案率有所下降。即使demands for money的势头有所上升，陈表明，捉住罪犯也没什么希望，因为他们(警察)有更重要的事要做”。故答案为D。

Step4

Practice1(附件1)

Please discuss the following examples in groups, and guess which type of wordguess they do belong to. By the way, underline or circle the key words or phrases which are related to the guessed words or phrases. 1. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented. 2. A major theme in his work is South Africa’s former apartheid system, which divided whites from blacks.

3. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.

4. One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.

Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.

A. Quite right.

B. Time enough.

C. Most unlike.

D. Just the opposite. 5.

Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their

ballalators

through the scribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can’t think of.

Q:

Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to_____. A. tools used in farming

B. ideas about modern life

C. unknown things in the future

D. hunting skills in the Stone Age

6. Many United Nations employees are

polyglots: Mr.Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.

7. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from

the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Q: The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second

paragraph

means__________. A. cleaning up

B. taking in

C. wiping out

D. giving out

Practice makes perfect!(熟能生巧！)

Step5

Practice2(实战练习)：(附件2)

1.

(2008重庆卷)A篇

……“Oh?”Mon said, “that's Mama's quilt.”

I spread the quilt. It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together: irrugular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right. “Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This didn't certainly look like any of the quils she had made. “Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “I'm still working on it. See, this is what I've done so far.”

I looked at it more closely. She had made straight a crooked line. At the center of the quilt, she had stitched a piece of cloth with those words: “My mother made many quilts. She didn't get all line straight. But I think this is beautiful. I want to see it finished. Her last quilt.” …….. 58. The underlined word “crooked” in the passage most probably means __________.

A. unfinished

B. broken

C. bent

D. unusual (解析58). C. 此题为词义猜测题。从It looked at if a group of school children had pieced it together; irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.和下文的She had made straight a crooked line.以及She didn’t get all lines straight. 可以得出答案为C. )

C Being able to multitask---doing several things at the same time---is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again. What we often see nowdays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on thr Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their ipods. In a sense, they spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at family table………

64. What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ?

A. want to buy

B. take the place of

C. use at the same time

D. seek for informatio from (解析64).C. 此题为词义猜测题。从doing several things at the same time可以看出在young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study中juggle表示同时在干... ...) 2. (2009重庆B篇) How to Be a Winner…

。。u

Kirsten Best u

Poet ＆

Writer u

“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological （心理的）

tool.” u

62. What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to? u

A. Ways that help one to focus. u

B. Words that help one to feel less tense. u

C. Activities that turn one’s attention away. u

D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax. u

【答案】C。

u

【解析】词义猜测题。由前面的other可知distractions是与第一句基本相同的意思，第一句话表达的就是让人注意力分算的事情，结合上下文可知

答案为C。

u

2.

(2010重庆A篇)

One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.

We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,

"My I get you something ?"

"A coffee would be nice."

Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked,

"How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?"

"Who?"

"The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs."

I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world's richest and most powerful men!

My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. 56. What does the underlined word "disheveled" mean? A. Unfriendly.

B. Untidy.

C. Gentle.

D. Kind. 【语篇解读】本文讲述了"我"在吃早点的时候遇到一个看起来穿着邋遢的老人，并且帮助他买了一杯咖啡，事后得知他是最富有的Mr. Galbreath，旨在告诉我们不要以貌取人。。

【解析】答案B 猜测词义题。

由上文中的I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man何下文中的He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone.可知disheveled在这儿是指仪容不整，穿着邋遢的意思。所以答案选B项。

4.（2011重庆A篇）

There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care. To water his flowers, he used two buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best. Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出). The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path……

56. What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?

A. Dirty

B. Dark C. Worn-out

D. Plain-looking. 【语篇解读】本文用拟人的手法讲述了园丁和两个水桶的故事：一个新桶，为自己不漏水而自豪；一个旧桶，走一路，漏一路，很自卑。但他所经过的地方，却是鲜花盛开。园丁最后道出了真谛：每个桶都有存在的价值。同样，我们每个人也都有用。

【解析】答案C 猜测词义题。根One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one.可知一只桶是崭新的，而另一只是破旧不堪的。注意下文特别提到The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked along the path.可知是漏水的，当然就破了呀。

5.（2012重庆A篇）

One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift . Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装). On September 11th ，1958，Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, “I promised you a gift , and here it is.”

What an honor！I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories .I told it over and over how much I loved it!

One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing bad been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days I Heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”, “pitiful”, and “dying”, which sounded ominous. Christmas was coming. “Don’t expect any presents this year,” Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. “If your baby brother lives, that’ll be Christmas enough.” As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I’d never seen him cry before ……. (这篇文章是简单的叙事文，是一篇关于亲情的文章。笔触平实，情感动人。故事发生在圣诞节前后，为了拯救出生不久的患病的孩子（作者的弟弟），全家都承受了巨大的心理压力。文章用一个小孩简单的感受，通过对父母的语言描写和神态动作观察和描写，表达了亲情在这个并不富裕的家庭里的巨大感召力。孩子的康复出院，实在是给这个家庭、给作者最好的圣诞礼物。) 57.What does the underlined word “ominous”

in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

A. Impossible.

B. Boring

C. Difficult

D. Fearfu 【解析】答案D

ominous本意是“不吉利的；凶兆的”，这道题就要考查考生们的理解能力了。作者当时还是个孩子，

“For several days I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”, “pitiful”, and “dying””，在他幼小而懵懂的心里，这些词是有一定的惊吓作用的。故选D

Step6. Homework-----课下多练笔

1.

2012年山东卷A San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.

The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.

The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.

One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day’s coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge “Nutty Narrows.”

After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started Construction, They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带). It cost 1,000.

It didn’t take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became know in newspapers all over the world.

In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn-out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.

Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.

67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ________.

A. offer squirrels a place to eat nuts B. set up a local landmark C. help improve traffic

D. protect squirrels 68. What happened over the coffee break discussion? A. The committee got the Council’s blessing.

B. The squirrel bridge idea was born C. A councilwoman named the bridge D. A squirrel was found dead.

69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably means in the text?

A. passing them a rope

C. Teaching them a lesson

B. Directing them to store food for winter D. Showing them how to use the bridge. 70. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge? A. It was replaced by a longer one.

C. it was rebuilt after years of use

B. It was built from wood and metal

D. It was designed by Bill Hutch.

71. What can we learn about Amos Peters? A. He is remembered for his love of animals. B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge C. He was a member of the City Council D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.

D For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).

Strange though it may seem —

“my wife already does that”

was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week —

Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.

Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry

machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.

The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owners is at work or on the bus.

Samsung says it’s not just something new —

the app connection actually has some practical uses.

“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.

The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.

Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.

72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES? A. The machine will be a big success. B. their wives like doing the laundry. C. The machine is unrelated to their life. D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.

73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines? A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing B. They can be controlled with a smartphone

C. They are difficult to operate D. They are sold at a low price 74. We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that ___________.

A. the app connection makes life easier B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning C. smartphone can shorten the drying time

D. we should refresh clothes back at home 75. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The laundry should be frequently checked

B. Lazy people like using such machines C. Good technologies also cause problems

D. Television may help do the laundry.

2.

2012年重庆卷E

In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren ”, John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are independent

of what others have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) , this is not true of absolute needs.

Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.

Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.

There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.

By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. 本次高考的最后一篇阅读，确有难度，是一篇议论文。它从英国著名经济学家约翰•梅

纳德•凯恩斯的一篇文章《我们后代的经济前景》入手，辩证地指出了他在文中提出的、关于消费需求的正确的和错误论点，指出了他的“人类对于优越生活的欲望是过度消费的唯一源泉”的错误。作者列举事例，从结婚周年庆的夫妇吃大餐的原因分析，并列举了保时捷一个成功的营销战例，力图证明消费也是由真实的、对生活质量的需求而决定的。在经济学上，绝对需求，指的是包括吃、喝、睡、性等一系列与我们的动物属性相关的对于生存的要求；相对需求，则指衣住行、柴米油盐、烟酒糖茶…享受类等与心理更为相关的社群性需求。

72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_______. A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs 【解析】同学们要注意，这个题考的不是作者的观点，而是凯恩斯的观点。在约翰•梅纳德•凯恩斯看来，人类对于奢华生活的相对需求才是造成过度消费的罪魁祸首。这也是作者极力批驳他的地方。

73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3? A. They want to show their superiority.

B. They find specialty important to meals. C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.

D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.

【解析】夫妻的周年庆，确是两人婚姻里值得庆贺的事情。两人在这天选择用餐可能是与平时不同，因为具有纪念意义。但“the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them”，想借此感受优越奢华生活的念头可能从来没有过。所以相对需求还是和平时生活质量有关。B选项仅停留于表面，非解释作者论证意图而得出的论点结论。

74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Understanding.

B. Increase

C. Difference

D. Study 【解析】escalation的意思是“扩大；增加”，文章中表示“对生活质量需求的增加”。

75.The author of the passage argues that ______. A. absolute needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable C. human desires influence ideas of quality D. relative needs decide most of our spending 【解析】按凯恩斯的观点，人类需求分为“绝对需求”和“相对需求”。从文章第一段可知“He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) , this is not true of absolute needs.”（词组be not true of…对…不适用、不符合…）凯恩斯认为相对需求是无止境的。作者所做的就是辩驳他的论点，应是绝对需求无限，相对需求则和生活质量有关，是可控的、有条件性的和有限的，故选A。

Step 6 The Design of the Blackboard (板书设计)

教学反思：________________________________________