Learning about Language名师教学视频（文字实录）

Teaching plan

Grammar: 分词作状语和独立主格结构

三维目标：

知识目标

1、学生了解分词作状语的类别。

2、学生明确分词的各种形式并能正确运用。

3、学生了解分词作状语的主语一致问题---独立主格结构

能力目标

学生掌握分词作状语相关考题的解题方法、解题技巧及解题步骤。

学生能在具体语境或书面表达中正确运用分词作状语的句子结构。

情感目标

学生通过小组合作来探索知识，培养其发现问题，解决问题的能力并使其在这一过程中体会学习的快乐。

教学重点：

1.分词作状语各种形式的用法区别。

2.分词作状语的解题方法、技巧及步骤的指导。

3.分词作状语在改错、语法填空的运用。

教学难点：

分词作状语的运用。

教学方法：

任务型教学法(Task-based Language Teaching) 、合作学习教学法（Cooperative Learning Approach）、情感激励教学法( Affective Motivation)

学法主要采用合作探索学习法，使学生通过思考、探索、讨论、交流及合作等方式完成教学任务，培养运用英语的能力。

教具：Multimedia,blackboard 教学步骤：

Step 1 Greetings and lead-in

引入

Lead in the class naturally by talking with the students. Step 2

Exploration 合作探究

1.Review the tense and voice forms of V-ing and V-ed

现在分词的时态和语态及其否定式

时态

一般式

完成式

主动语态

doing

having done

被动语态

being done

having been done

其否定形式是在doing之前加上not。

not doing

not having done

过去分词的时态和语态及其否定式

表完成表被动，结构：主动：had done

被动：had been done

其否定形式是在done之前加上not。

2. V-ing 作状语, 可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义, 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思. 1). _______（walk）in the street, I came across an old friend.

= When….

2). ______(be) ill, he didn’t go to school.

= Because…

3).______(use) your head, you will find a way. =If…

4).We were sitting by the window, _______(talk) about what happened yesterday.(伴随）

5). His parents died, _________(leave) him an orphan. 6). Having met him for many times, she decided to help him out.

=After she had met him for many times,…

Practice ____________（not know）her address, we had to get in touch with her. ____________ (finish) the class, she went home. ____________

(catch) on the spot, the thief had to admit his crime.

Conclusion 1:现在分词作状语可用来表________、________、________、________、________、________、________。

Conclusion 2:现在分词作状语，若现在分词的动作与句子谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用分词的________，与主语之间是主动关系用________；被动关系用________。

若现在分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词________，用现在分词的________，与主语之间是主动关系用_________________；被动关系用_________________。

3.过去完成时

1）定义：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。

2）结构：had done

被动：had been done I _________

( finish) reading the novel by nine o‘clock last night。

I thought I ________( see) him before. 3）与分词作状语交叉

After she had finished the office work, she came to the sitting room and relaxed. = Having finished the office work, she …

4）Consolidation 1.___ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

A. Suffered

B. Suffering

C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.

A. hoped B. hoping

C. to hope D. hope 3. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _______.

A. an underground lake was discovered

B. there was an underground lake discovered C. a lake was discovered underground

D. the workers discovered an underground lake 4. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _____ the girl and took her away, _____ into the woods.

A. seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 5. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. To wait

B. Have waited

C. Having waited

D. To have waited 6. If ___ the same treatment again, he’s sure to get well.

A. giving

B. give

C. given

D. being given 7. Unless ___ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. being invited

D. having invited 8. _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded

B. It was founded

C. Founded

D. Founding

（学生们在5分钟内完成，然后讨论答案，教师指正及评价，总结分词作状语的做题方法和技巧

）

4.

独立主格结构

1）分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则，就必须在分词前另加上自己的逻辑主语（名词或主格代词）的这个结构叫独立主格结构或分词的复合结构。

独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于个时间、条件、原因状语从名句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。

2）特点

独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定

式，介词等是主谓关系。

独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

3）

结构

名词/主格代词+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语

There being +名词/代词

It being +名词/代词

The girl _______(stare) at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn‘t know what to say.

Time _______(permit) (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. The problems______ (solve) (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 4）独立主格与状语从句的转换

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不同时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。

After class was over，the students soon left the classroom. = Class being over / Class over He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. His mother （being）

ill, he had to stay home to look after her. The meeting（being）

over, they all went home. 5）being（或having been）不能省略的情形

(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。

It being Sunday, we went to church.

(2)在There being＋名词/代词的结构中。

There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 6）Our English teacher came into the classroom, book in hand. n/pron+介词短语结构中，n/pron前不可用冠词或形容词性物主代词（his，her，our…）

Consolidation

1.The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light. A. was; given

B. was; to give

C. being; given

D. being; to give 2. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.

A held; covered

B. holding; covering

C. holding; covered

D. held; covering

3. The girl in the snapshot（快照）

was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________.

A. flowed in the breeze

B. was flowing in the breeze

C. were flowing in the breeze

D. flowing in the breeze

4. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day.

A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished

5.____,we went home. A. Our homework had been finished

B.Our homework having been finished

C. Our homework

finishing

D. Our homework been finished 6.The meeting____, he went back to his company. A. Over

B. had over

C. was over

D. have been over 7. ____,he put on his coat. A. It being cold

B. It cold

C. Being cold

D. It having been cold 8.Time ____,we shall visit the zoo. A. been permitting

B. permitting

C. permitted

D. having been permitted 9. _______, we have to get down to business right away．

A. There was no time left

B. There is no time left

C. There being no time left D. There to be no time left

10. She stood there, _______ from her cheeks . A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down

C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 11. The boy stood before the roasted duck, his eyes _______ on it and his mouth _______. A. were fixed, was watered B. fixed, watering

C. fixed,watered D. were fixing, was watering 12.

_______ Sunday, the library is closed. A. Being B. It being C. There being D. It is （学生们在5分钟内完成，然后讨论答案，教师指正及评价，总结独立主格的做题方法和技巧

）

Step 3 ：Summary

复习巩固:

1. 分词作状语的句法功能

2. 分词的各种形式及用法区别

3.

解题方法与技巧

4.独立主格结构作状语的用法

Step 4:

Homework 分词作状语及独立主格结构作状语的练习。

试分析以下两个句子中分词的用法。

1.

Time permitting, I will pick you up at the airport. 2.

Judging from your accent, you are not a native.