Grammar and usage(1): Direct speech and reported speechPPT及课堂实录内容

Module 4 Unit 1 Grammar and usage (1) Direct speech and reported speech 教学设计

--------许昕

Teaching objectives 1.

To learn what direct speech and reported speech is and identify the differences between them. 2.

To master how to change direct speech into reported speech

3.

To practise what has been learnt in real situations Teaching key points and difficulties 1.

How to help students to understand the differences between direct speech and reported speech. 2.

How to change direct speech to reported speech Teaching methods Inductive method and situational language teaching Teaching aids The blackboard and multimedia Teaching procedures Step I Lead-in

Greet the whole class as usual. Show students a video.

T: Do you think it is funny? What did the girl say? S: She said that ....

Show students some other pictures and ask them what it/he said to introduce direct speech and reported speech.

e.g. - what did the cat say? - It said that it had had a sweet dream the night before. - What did the man say? - He said that he was confused about what those people were saying.

Step II Direct speech and reported speech Explain what direct speech and reported speech is and give some examples.

Direct speech (直接引语)：直接引用别人的原话，将原话放在引号内

Reported/indirect speech (间接引语):

转述别人的话，转述的话不放在引号内

e.g.

He said, ‘ I am playing football.’

(direct speech)

He said that he was playing football. (reported speech)

Step III How to change direct speech into reported speech 

Change the sentence structure by using an object clause or an infinitive phrase. Then give two examples.

Direct speech: He said, ‘I am used to such embarrassing comments.’

Reported speech: He said he was used to such embarrassing comments. Direct speech: ‘We must not give up in the face of pressure!’ she said. Reported speech: She encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.

Other changes: Discussion: show students the pairs of sentences that have just been discussed on the screen and ask them to find out other changes. Give students five minutes to discuss it in pairs, and then invite some students to present their results. Summarize what has been discussed.



Changes in personal pronouns

Practice: She said, ‘ I did some research.’

She said that she had done some research. 

Changes in tenses Show the table of changes in tenses on the screen.

Direct speech 一般将来时

Reported speech 一般过去时

一般将来时

一般过去时

现在进行时

现在完成时

过去完成时

过去进行时

Practice: 过去将来时

过去完成时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去完成时（不变）

过去进行时（不变）

He said, ‘

I usually watch TV on Sunday.’

He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday. She said, ‘ I haven’t heard from him since May.’

She said that she hadn’t heard from him since May. The teacher said, ‘ the earth is round.’

The teacher said that the earth is round.

注：直接引语为客观真理或名人名言时，时态不变



Changes in adverbial of time and place Show the table of changes in adverbial of time and place on the screen.

Direct speech today Reported speech that day /yesterday/on Wednesday, etc.

tomorrow the next day/the following day/ on Thursday, etc.

yesterday the day before/the previous day/ on Tuesday, etc.

next month the month after/the following month/in July, etc.

a week ago here Practice: a week before/a week earlier, etc.

there He said, ‘we went to the cinema yesterday.’

He said that they had gone to the cinema the day before. Tom said, ‘ I am working here today. ’

Tom said he was working there that day.



Other cases

Show the table of changes in other cases on the screen.

Direct speech this these Come bring Practice: He said, ‘

I haven’t heard from my parents these days.’

He said he hadn’t heard from his parents those days . Tom said, ‘ We were having a football match this time yesterday.’

Reported speech that those go take

Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before .

Step IV Interview Two students work in pairs. Student A asks student B three questions, and then student A reports students B’s answer to others.

e.g. A: What are you going to do tomorrow? B: I am going to watch a film tomorrow. A: He said he was going to watch a film the next day.

..... Give students five minutes to prepare the interview and then ask some students to act it out.

Step V Homework 1.

Finish the exercise on Page 9. 2.

Preview Grammar and usage (2) on Page 10.

Writing on the blackboard Direct speech and reported speech Changes in: Sentence structure

Personal pronoun

Tense adverbial of time and place other cases