Learning about Language教学设计(第一课时)

2018届高考英语新课标卷七选五解题最新变化

Step 1

七选五解题考查要求及新变化：

考纲解读：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

选项特点：

主旨概括句

过渡性句子

细节注释性句子

关注变化：最主要就是体现在七选五选择的体裁上，以前的真题以议论文说明文居多，或者说逻辑关系更容易把握，2017年全国I卷真题是记叙文中对文章机构和逻辑关系等的断定。

其他细节变化：2015年全国I卷有文章标题和项目符合（黑点或者星号等符号提醒），2016年全国I卷五标题无项目符合。说明减少一些能够提醒学生的因素，实际上是增加了考查的力度和要求。当然2017年真题II卷无条目；III卷有项目符号说明考查的要求是不一样的。

Step 2

策略方法与避免的误区

文章整体内容-------主旨概括句解题策略：

•

分析选项关键词是否与原文、段落主旨吻合

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避免的误区：主旨概括句排除项特点：过于宽泛、以偏概全、或偏离主题。

例如下面的文章：

___?_题目1___

If you’re reading this you’re probably really bored and, at the moment, have no one to be with. Whether you long for a boyfriend or a girlfriend, or miss your family and friends, this guide can help you cope with living alone.

1. ___?_题目2___ Live a life of optimism. Happiness comes from within, regardless of your situation, so don’t use any excuses, such as being alone.

2. Do everything you normally did with a partner or a friend. ... 3. Learning something new. …

4. Get a pet. …

5. Read. …

6. Exercise. …

从下面选择最合适的选项填写到题目1 和题目2横线中

A. Being Alone Without Being Lonely

B. Happiness is the only choice. C. Tired of Being Alone

D. Be happy.

参考答案

题目1 A 题目2 D

过渡性句子可以位于段首或段尾。实现过渡往往有三种途径：一是对核心词汇的重复；二是使用指示代词如this, that, these, those, such, another等；三是使用过渡词汇如next, in addition to, however等。过渡句起到承上启下的作用，主要用来显示上下文的逻辑关系，使行文流畅，前后衔接自然；

过渡性句子常用的逻辑关系：

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A.并列关系：

First(ly)，Second(ly)，...；First, then/ next，...；In the first place, in the second place...；for one thing, for another thing，...；then /next, finally/last 等。

B.递进关系：

too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, what's more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not...but..., not only...but also等。

C.解释例证关系：

for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。

D.因果关系：

so /therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such...that...，so that...等。

E.转折对比关系：

but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。

F.概括归纳关系：

in short, in brief, in summary, generally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。

避免的误区：过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文逻辑。

A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.

With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.

For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would

actually mean “Meet me.”

题目3

However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language,some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them. E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

题目3 答案

A根据空格后的However可知前后句存在着逻辑上的转折或让步关系。上文指出了利用密码本来破解密码的方式。根据后文“However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”可知选择A项(没有密码本很难破解密码)符合题意。故选A项。

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(2015•全国卷Ⅰ)•You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. __题目4__ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A．Learn to really trust yourself. B．It is putting confidence in someone. C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again. F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

题目4 [正确答案]

选G 部分考生可能没有注意到本空与后文的逻辑关系而误选其他选项。仔细阅读短文，我们可以看出空格的上文指出要看到生活中积极的一面。下文中的Instead一词说明空格和下文存在着行文逆转，即转折关系。扫遍七个选项，只有G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)合适。

注释性句子往往是通过自身的逻辑意义链接一个完整的段落，较主题句来讲，注释性句子更具体，往往是事实，分析，举例和引用等的一部分。

避免的误区：注释性句子与上下文意义不衔接。

以(2016全国Ⅰ)为例说明一下注释性句子：

There are three main types of cryptography.

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（原题中E.选项）You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

For example,the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

3（原题中G选项）Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Let’s number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.

简单分析：cryptography 密码学，密码术。三种类型的密码学。（1）hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. （2）Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

（3）uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences. 如果把握了这三种类型那么解题就相对简单了。

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高考真题中出现过的注释性句子举例：

2016（全国卷I）There are three main types of cryptography,___题目5___ For example, the first letters of " my elephant eats too many eels" spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word and spell it out. 答案解析：依据接下来举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息，E选项符合语境。因此答案是E。

2016（全国卷III）

There are many Common methods used to cook fish . ___题目6___. B. The easiest is to steam it. 答案解析：根据空前内容可知，介绍一种做鱼的方法，B选项是“最简单的方法是蒸”，符合语境。因此答案是B。

2016年北京卷

No matter where you are on the risk- seeking range , scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years .____题目7_____. E .This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. 答案解析：空前一句出现了teenager years 与E选项中的this 相对，另外选项中提到的move away from your family into the bigger world也是对空格前一句teenager years 的解释，所以选择E项。

Step 4 事半功倍的小方法举例：

（1）

复现法（原词、同源词、同义词、近义词、反义词

，代词等复现）

词汇的指代(it ,they, this , these, the all 等)

●Trust is a learned

behavior that we gain from past experience.

题目8

Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there is a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. A

Learn to really trust yourself B

It is putting confidence in someone.

参考答案B根据后一句，那是一种冒险。可知前文指的是某种行为。选项B“那就是对某人抱以信心”最符合语境。选B

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Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. __题目9__

They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. 选择选项

D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problem is.

F. And don't forget about your friends.

题目9 答案F 下文中的They与F项中的your friends呼应复现。

（2）形式一致结构相似的小技巧

对祈使句句型的把握来增加选择的准确性

首先看高考真题：

Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons for why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time. 36 Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give some some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: 1. Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 37 2. Make your time worth it.When you do first time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3. 39 This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives a good start. 40 And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved.

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C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G. A little time planing ahead can save a lot of work later on. 参考答案：36-40 BGCAF

试题解析：

全文共分为五段，每段一个小题。所以要根据每段的细节、依据去看题目。

第一段：总的概述。从后面的句子来看，money叙述了，time也叙述了。只有ability没有叙述。又根据前面的句子的说明From my experience, there are three main reasons for why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time.，与之有关的只有带有ability这一信息了，所以答案是B--Ability is easily improved. 第二段：预先思考。根据此段开头的关键词ahead，可以判断出此段与ahead有关，所以答案为G项。

第三段：时间的有所价值。根据Are you making one loaf of bread?这句话，可以判断出要make one loaf of bread, 那就是与数量有关，还有后面的句子中的amount（量）的提示，所以应该选择C项。

第四段：此题考查要点关键词。根据此段的具体内容，特别是It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.这两句，提到了new ideas和try, 可以判断出与new有关，所以选择A项。

第五段：此段是全文的总结。根据最后一句And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!可以判断出此项与live有关。所以选择F项。

H. 其中

39题，我们看到

1，2，3三个要点中，有一个特点是祈使句，所以从形式上把握一下，大概有选择ACD的可能性。根据hit upon new ideas主旨断定，39题选择Try new things. 类似范例：

For college students, graduation signals an exciting new beginning. 16 Many students wonder: What do I do now? What career is best for me? Most expert advice on choosing careers boils down to the following points.

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Knowing Yourself

What are your interests? Abilities? Skills? 17 The results may surprise you! These can be useful, but they’re not the last word.

Investigating

Investigating occupations is much more difficult. For most people, there isn’t just one ‘right’ job, but several that could be satisfying. 18 Talk to people who have occupations that interest you. Find out what they like and dislike about their job. 19

Many people choose their careers because they believe strongly in a particular cause. Some might choose to work in areas like medicine, charity or environmental protection. Some have a strong interest in history or a love for the arts. 20___ So in cases like these, the field is often chosen first, rather than the occupation itself. So if you’ve chosen a field, self-assessment will help you find your place in it. Invest some time and effort, and find the right career for you. A. Try a self-assessment quiz. B. Search through books and Web sites. C. Finding your place. D. But it can also bring a lot of uncertainty and confusion. E. Serious research helps narrow the possibilities F. Research your chosen field carefully. What work needs to be done? What training is needed? G. Then they might think about education, museums or art production. 答案

16-20 DAECG 19题形式上，可以和前面几个类似。

A garden that’s just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ●___17

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer

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fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G 17题

17. A 也是祈使句

和后面Recall(回忆)your childhood memories 形式一致，但是

还要根据主旨类断定。

Step 5 温馨提醒：

策略只是技巧，理解才是关键。因此提高你的英语素养，提高词汇量，学会分析文章结构，问题自然迎刃而解！

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