Using LanguageⅡ名师教学设计2

高三英语阅读理解主旨大意题训练教学设计

信宜市第二中学 周

巧

一、教学分析

（一）.教材分析。根据《新课标》要求，在高中英语教学中要“听、说、读、写综合运用，侧重培养学生阅读能力”。

要求学生除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上，要求教师引导学生学会语言知识，获取文章提供的信息，领悟文章的内涵，使学生在教学过程中掌握良好的阅读方法和技能，成为有独立阅读能力的人，为他们继续学习和发展奠定坚实的基础。高考命题也是围绕着考查学生语言综合运用的能力而设计的。整体分析试卷可以发现阅读理解占据了相当大的比重，它旨在检验学生的语篇理解和语言运用能力。考生还应具备扎实的语言基本功、较好的语感、较强的逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。由于阅读理解的考查形式多样，题材广泛，考生需要在有限的时间内快速高效地完成相应任务，所以如何引导学生快速抓住文章的主旨大意是高三学生提升阅读能力的一个重要环节。

（二）.学生分析。高中阶段的学生在阅读方面已经积累了一定的输入量，能够运用基本的技巧来解决较熟悉或难度系数一般的文章。然而由于高考在篇章选择上范围很广，有英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志等，而且对于学生综合能力的考查也较全面。如要求学生能理解语篇主旨大意；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文提供的线索推断生词的词义；根据文中事实和线索做出简单的判断和理解；理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系；理解作者的观点、意图和态度；根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、关键内容或作要词词语转换。这样就需要学生平时重视语言基础知识的积累和应用，课外能广泛阅读各种题材的英语文章以储备丰富的文化背景知识，并会灵活运用合适的技巧来应对阅读理解的各种考题。而把握文章主旨大意是解决其他题目的关键，所以指导学生培养这方面的技巧是至关重要的。

（三）.教学目标。1.知识目标：通过本课的学习和训练，学生能够了解阅读理解主旨大意题的题型特点和解题思路。2.能力目标：在教师的指导下学生能

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顺利掌握基本的解题策略并能提高答题准确率。3.情感、价值观目标：通过本课的学习和训练，学生能缓解解题压力并积累更多的解题经验。

（四）.教学重点。帮助学生掌握阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧和策略。

（五）.教学难点。引导学生迅速抓住文章的关键词、主题句并推导出相关的主旨大意。

（六）.教学方式。以练习为主，概括为辅；练中讲，讲中悟的方法。

（七）.教学用具。黑板、多媒体。

二、教学过程（共40’）

Step One: Lead-in （2’）

（一）.高考考查阅读理解有几种题型？

1. 主旨大意题

2. 细节理解题 3. 猜测词义题 4. 推理判断题

（二）.近三年全国高考I卷阅读理解考查主旨大意题有: 2015 年

2016年

2017 年

28题

35题 23题, 31题

（三）. 把握好文章的主旨大意在阅读理解中的重要性： 1. 做好主旨大意题。

2. 把握好文章的主旨大意，阅读理解其它题才能迎刃而解。

【设计说明】本次导入是引出本节课的教学点，强调抓住文章主旨大意的重要性。

Step Two：Classifications and question forms（5’）

（一）.Introduce three types：文章/段落主旨类(Main Idea)；标题类 ( Title)；写作意图类(Purpose)

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（二）.Introduce the ways of putting forward the questions：（提问学生）

1. 文章/段落主旨(main idea型) （1）The main idea of the passage is ________. （2）The passage is mainly about ___________. （3）What is the passage mainly about? （4）Which of the following statement can best summarize/ sum up the main idea of the passage? （5）What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage? 2. 标题类（Title）

（1） The best title/headline for this passage might be______. （2） The text (Passage) could be entitled __________. （3） What is the best title for the passage? （4） Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 3. 写作意图类（Purpose） （1）

The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ___.

（2） The passage is meant to __________. （3） The purpose of this article is _______. （4）

The author’s purpose is to show _______.

【设计说明】鼓励学生通过三种分类和几种常见提问方式掌握辨别主旨大意题的方法以便能用合理的技巧去解决问题。

Step Three：Practice

（一）.快速找出下列文章的主题句（个人抢答）（2’）

1. Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible

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disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? 2. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to

hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance。

【设计说明】提醒学生but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary，so 后面那一句往往就是文章的main idea。

（二）小试牛刀

（小组抢答，每篇1分钟后讲出答案并找出文章的主题句）（4’） 1. Widespread media coverage has been given to a new pill to prevent heart disease and stroke. The Sun said the pill, called Ateronon, “could save thousands of lives”. The Daily Telegraph said that the new product contains a natural thing found in tomatoes that is a powerful antioxidant. The newspaper said the pill can prevent the bulid-up of fat. What is the main idea of the passage? （B）

A. How we can prevent heart disease. B. A new pill gets much media attention. C. The build-up of fat is harmful. D. A natural thing was found in tomatoes. 【设计说明】本篇文章的主题句出现在开头，并提醒学生新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式，即开门见山。

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2. ….two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining,… Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. The passage is mainly about _____. （D）

A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two tunnels D. the design of two tunnels 【设计说明】本篇文章的没有具体主题句，提醒学生文章中反复出现的中心词就是文章的main idea。

3. Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870…the dance known an the tango(探戈舞)came into being At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes...Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable. In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning…the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.

The popularity（流行）Of the tango continued to grow in many other

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parts of the world… （2013安徽）

75. What can be the best title for the text? （B）

A.

How to Dance the Tango B. The History of the Tango C. How to Promote the Tango D. The Modern Tango Boom 【设计说明】本篇文章也没有具体的主题句，提醒学生要抓住文章的线索来总结文章的main idea。

4. 总结归纳：（引导学生讲出）

（1）阅读中主旨大意题的解题方法：（2’）

I．找主题句 （开头、结尾、中间）

II．找高频词 (反复出现的中心词) III．抓线索 (所叙述的事实或提供的线索) IV．

找关联词 (but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary，so ) （2）各种文体文章主旨大意一般在哪里找？

I. 新闻报道 导语提携全文

（文首）

II. 议论文 总--分--总（文首）

III. 说明文 （首－－中－－尾）例子/假设后进入主题

没有主题句：找反复出现的词语

IV. 记叙文 记叙文六要素 （文末）

（三）. 实战操练：（阅读下面4篇文章，8分钟完成，然后小组讨论决定答案，派一个同学上讲台讲解）（10’）

Passage 1

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Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. Q: What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. （B）

C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Child’s Actions.

Passage 2 Boston---- Thieves dressed as police entered a museum early Sunday and stole 11 paintings, including major works by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI (美国联邦调查局) and the museum officials said. The first judgment placed value of at least $100 million on the works stolen from the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Boston police spokes- man Jim Tordan ………

William Bobinson, of Hardvard Univercity’s Foggel Museum, called the objects stolen “major works.”

Q: What is the best headline for this newspaper article ? （B）

A. A Theft Took Place in Boston B. Artworks stolen by Thieves C. Major Works D. Investigation into the theft

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Passage 3 : You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Q: What does the passage mainly tells? （C）

A.

How people stay healthy B.

How sleep is necessary C.

Why dreams are important D.

When people remember their dreams Passage 4: In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success. Q:The text is mainly about________. （C）

A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts. 总结归纳：推敲选项正误的小窍门：（2’）

1) 正确选项不出现细节信息。

2) 正确选项一般不含过分肯定或者绝对意义的词。

3) 正确选项一般有抽象名词或概括性词语。

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4) 四个选项中，内容完全相反的两个选项中，往往有一个是正确选项。

5) 干扰项特点：

①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；

②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；

③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。

【设计说明】该活动旨在鼓励学生在教师的引导下运用已学的解题策略按照寻找

关键词

、句的步骤进行实践练习，同时也检测了学生是否掌握了相关的解题策略。

（四）. 走进高考（10’）（8分钟后小组讨论解决疑点，小组代表上讲台讲解）

（2017全国I） Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome. ◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café

offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonals. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.

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Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required. ◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong @ in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we connect science without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacific organzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text? （A）

A.To encourage donations.

B.To advertise coming events.

C.To introduce special exhibits.

D.To tell about the Center’s history.. （2017全国卷I）Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.

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It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. “Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”

Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that mu generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”

Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran. Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “So I want to continue those dialogue. Those are the things I want to foster.” 31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? （A）

A．Exploring the Future of jazz. B．The Rise and Fall of jazz. C．The Story of a jazz Musician. D．Celebrating the Jazz Day.

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（2016全国I）The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do……

Other cultures may use silence in other ways……

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence ……

35.What may be the best title for the text? （B）

A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold Step Four：知识总结：（2’）

总结归纳：阅读中主旨大意题的解题方法： I. 找主题句 （开头、结尾、中间）

II. 找高频词 (反复出现的中心词) III. 抓线索 (所叙述的事实或提供的线索) IV. 找关联词 (but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary，so ) 各种文体文章主旨大意一般在哪里找？

I. 新闻报道 导语提携全文

（文首）

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II. 议论文 总--分--总（文首）

III. 说明文 （首－－中－－尾）例子/假设后进入主题

没有主题句：找反复出现的词语

IV. 记叙文 记叙文六要素 （文末）

Step Five：Homework: （1’）

运用所学的技能做《天天练》P100-102 的四篇阅读理解，特别关注P100No3，P101No4，P102No5. 【设计说明】由于课堂时间有限，课后进一步的练习是必不可少的，这样可以更好地巩固本节课的效率。特别关注的三题是本节课的重点，提醒学生争取最高正确率。

三、课后反思

本节课是高考复习中的一节阅读理解指导课，重点是解决学生在做题时把握不住主旨大意以致对篇章的理解出现很大偏差这种问题。教师在指导过程中先从两个段落出发，引导学生在小段中迅速找寻关键词和句并顺利把握其主旨。这样的分解练习可以降低难度，让学生较容易地完成任务并体验到成功的快乐，愿意继续完成下面的任务。在最后阶段高考真题的训练时，学生已经基本能自觉运用所学的技巧来完成相关题目，尤其是最后一篇2016年全国高考文章，绝大部分学生在2分钟内就得出了正确答案。应该说本节课基本完成了预设目标并且效果也不错。在教学过程中穿插有小组抢答、小组讨论、学生上讲台讲解等环节，提高了学生的学习热情与参与度，收到良好效果。本节课也存在以下不足：首先，对解题技巧的归纳应该先给学生一些提示或引导，这样既可以提升学生的主动性和积极性，又可以节约部分时间；其次学生对于高考真题的篇章设置的难度感觉跟教师预想的不一样，如果把2016年的题目移至2017年的前面，学生可能更容易接受。在今后这样的做法也可以应用到阅读理解等其他题型中，以努力减轻学生负担，提高学习效率，更好地应对高考阅读。

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