Grammar and usage(1): Direct speech and reported speech教案评析

Unit 1 Advertising Period 6-7 Grammar and usage: Direct speech & reported speech 【学习目标】

1. To learn direct speech and reported speech. 2. To learn the way to change direct speech into reported speech. 【学习重点】

Apply these rules into practice. 【学习难点】

Learn and master how to change direct speech into reported speech.

Step 1: General Introduction: Direct speech and reported speech

1. In the section, we will learn the definitions of direct speech and reported speech, how to use direct speech to report what exactly has been said, and to use reported speech or indirect speech to report the meaning of what has been said without using the exact words. For example: T: What did you do last Sunday, S1? S1: I stayed at home and watched TV. T: What did S1 say, S2? S2: S1 said he/she stayed at home and watched TV. T: What did you do last Sunday, S3? S3: I did…

2. Now let’s look at the following tables, paying attention to the changes of tenses and some other forms.

Rules of changes: a. Change direct speech sentence into reported sentence by changing what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase. b. Change personal pronouns c. Change tenses d. Change adverbials of time and place Direct speech Reported

Direct speech Reported speech speech Simple present Simple past Simple future Future in the past Present continuous Past Past perfect Past perfect continuous Simple past Past perfect Present perfect Past perfect Present perfect Past perfect continuous continuous

Direct speech Reported speech today the day/yesterday/on Saturday, etc.

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tomorrow the next day/the following day/ on Tuesday, etc. yesterday the day before/the previous day/ on Tuesday, etc. last year the year before/ the previous year, etc. a week ago a week before/ a week earlier, etc.

Direct speech Reported speech this that these those here there come go 3. Read the ad on page 9 and try to understand what‘Thrilling adventure story!’means and what the readers’ comments on the books are. Please change the ad and the readers’ comments into reported speech and complete the passage. Answers (1)

was

(2)

wouldn’t

(3)

had read

(4)

that

(5)

would

(6)

had bought

(7)

that

(8)

would (9)

those

(10)

her

(11)

was

(12)

was going to read

Step 2: Reported speech: statements, questions and imperative sentences How to use reported speech to report statements, questions and imperative sentences? In this part, you will practice reporting statements, yes/no-questions, wh-questions and imperative sentences by using that, whether/if, wh-words and other verbs like advise and encourage. 1. There are many reporting verbs, such as say, ask, and tell. Besides say, ask and tell, there are other reporting verbs: accept, argue, believe, claim, decide, expect, feel, imagine, learn, mention, point out, suppose, think, understand, and wonder. 2. We use noun clauses introduced by if/whether to report yes/no –questions, and we use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to wh-questions. 3. Well, but how can we report imperative sentences? We use the structure: reporting verb + object +(not) + to-infinitive. Eg: The teacher said, ‘You’ d better wear soft shoes.’

(The teacher advised us to wear soft shoes.) The teacher said, ‘Think about it carefully before you answer.’ (The teacher asked us to think about it carefully before we answered.) ‘Don’t leave your homework at home.’ (The teacher reminded us not to leave our homework at home.)

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The teacher said, ‘Don’t worry about your exam.’ (The teacher told us not to worry about our exam.) 4. Read Part A on page 11 and practise reporting question using whether/if or wh-words. Pay attention to word order and other changes in reported questions. We’ll check the answer together then.

Answers A 2

Fang Hong asked in what way it was different from other English learning software. 3

Wang Qin asked how it could help him remember English words. 4

Lu Kai asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking. 5

Liu Fang asked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software. 6

Gu Jin asked if it was user-friendly. 5. Now please read the instructions of Part B on page 11. Any difficulty in understanding the meaning of each statement? Ok now try to finish the activity in pairs.

Answers B 2

The expert advises us to use interesting and attractive photos. 3

The expert advises us to use colour to attract people’s attention. 4

The expert advises us to use eye-catching heading to attract people’s attention. 5

The expert advises us to make the text short and easy to read. 6

The expert advises us to study some good advertisements on the Internet for ideas.

Homework:

Do Ex. C1&C2 on page 92.

Teaching reflection:

通过本堂教学，督促学生了解了直接引语与间接引语，以及两者之间的相互转换，但部分学生在时态、人称以及时间副词使用中仍然略犯错误，今后教学中仍需加强训练。

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