Using LanguageⅡ多媒体教案及点评

Noun Clauses

-----Appositive Clause

同位语从句

Appositive Clause

通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容, 这样的句子叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般在下列抽象名词的后面:fact, news, idea, hope, wish, promise, truth, reason, suggestion, thought, question, doubt, conclusion, belief, order, words, possibility等。

同位语从句与定语从句在外形上非常相似,它们都有类似的引导词,因此很多同学对如何区分它们感到很困难,今天我们就这一语法现象进行讲解。

由于同位语从句的先行词多为fact, belief, news, idea, thought, question, reply, possibility, hope, problem, remark, report等名词,引导词常用that,所以有些同学干脆把这些名词背得滚瓜烂熟,以为只要上述名词后面出现的从句肯定是同位语从句,殊不知上述名词后面出现的从句既有可能是同位语从句,也有可能是定语从句。例如:

(1)We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again.听到中国女排再次获胜的消息我们极为高兴。 (that引导的是同位语从句)

(2)We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us.听到老师告诉我们的消息我们感到很高兴。(that引导的是定语从句)

从上面的例句可以看出,仅仅只靠先行词就断定有些名词之后一定就是同位语从句显然是片面的。那么,究竟应当如何来区分同位语从句和定语从句呢?一般来说,我们可以从以下几个方面去区分同位语从句和定语从句:

1.从意义的角度来看,同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关系,如 例(1)中的news与其后的从句that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again之间,"中国女排再次获胜"表示"消息"的具体内容。

定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关系,表示"……的",起修饰限定作用。如例(2)中的news与其后的that our teacher had told us"老师告诉我们的"是对"消息"进行修饰限定,并不表示"消息"的具体内容。

2.从语法角度来看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用,用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分,如例(1)中的that;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外,还要在从句中充当句子成分,主要是作主语或宾语,如例(2)中的that在从句中作动词told的宾语

3.从先行词的词性来看,同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,也可以是代词。例如: (1)There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up. 毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词,同位语从句) (2)Those who were against the plan raised their hands. 那些反对这个计划的人举起了手。(Those为代词,定语从句)

4 .who, which, what, when, why, how, where等词都可以用来引导同位语从句,但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同: 引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;

(1)He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order. 他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)

引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。例如:

(2)The reason why he was late for class is quite clear. 他上课迟到的原因显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句)