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Book 8 Unit3 导学案(A) Word formation 1.

n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明

vt.辨别……；确认

2．

adj.愉快的；高兴的→

adv.高兴地；愉快地

3．

vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别

adj.卓著的；著名的；高贵的

4．

adj.突然的；意外的→

adv.突然地；唐突地

5．

adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→

adv.便利地

n.便利

6．

n．预料；期待；期望→

vt.期待；预期；盼望

7．

n．(水或气)流；电流；adj.现在的；当前的

adv.现在，目前

8．

adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的→

n．稳定性

adv.稳定地

9．

vt.联想；联系；n.同伴；伙伴→

n．联系；协会

10．

adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→

adv.实际上；事实上

Important expressions 1. 给......打电话__________________ 2.偶尔，有时

____________________

3.摆脱，除去___________________

4.一次做某事的机会___________________

5.开始，着手___________________

6.决定，选定

___________________

7. 小心翼翼地__________________

8.抓住机会做某事___________________

Important vocabularies 1.

seize

vi. vt. 抓住；夺取；理解；逮捕

用法拓展：seize sb. by the arm /collar 抓住某人的胳膊/衣领

seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会

seize on/upon

抓住，利用

1) He seized the thief

. 他抓住了小偷的胳膊。

2)You’ll surely regret if you don’t

.

如果你不抓住这次机会，你会后悔的。

3）Bob

the rain as an excuse for missing school.

Bob利用下雨作为逃学的理由。

2. bear v. 承受；

忍受；承担；支撑

过去式______ 过去分词_____

bear the pain/burden

承受痛苦/疼痛

bear in mind that……

记住……

bear/keep sb/sth.in mind

记住……

bear/stand/tolerate/put up with sth. 忍受、容忍…….

1) The ice is

your weight. 冰太薄承受不住你的体重。

1

2)

some people may need your help.

记住.. 3. tap v. 轻敲；轻拍；

过去式________ 过去分词______ 现在分词_______ 1) He tapped ash from his cigarette. （翻译）

n. 水龙头；轻打

eg: She felt a tap on her shoulder. （翻译）

4. associate v 联系，联想

n.同伴，伙伴

associate ....with 将

(…和…) 联系起来

be associated with ……

1）I cannot

her

politics.

2) This is a problem ___________________(associate) with cancer treatment. 【拓展】association

n.

[U] 联合;交往

[C] 社团; 协会; 5. caution

n. 小心，v谨慎；警告，警示

cautious adj.小心的

谨慎的

1）

The government responded _____________ to the move.

= The government responded to the move

. 政府对此行动的反应很谨慎。

6.freezing

adj. 冰冻的

极冷的

It was freezing last night.

昨晚天气变得极冷。

freeze vi. 冻结；(因恐怖、震惊等)呆住

vt. 使冻住；使结冰，

(pp.)__________ (pt.)_________ ____________(freeze) point冰点

____________(freeze) food 冷冻食品

1) Two men

on the mountain. (被冻死) 2)Ann

as the door opened silently.

(因为害怕而一动不动) 3)Smiles

on their faces.

笑容在她脸上僵住了。

7. distinguish 区分，辨别

【词语拓展】

distinguish right from wrong明辨是非

distinguish good from evil分辨善恶

distinguish...from...=tell...from...辨别,识别;把……和……区别开

distinguish between A and B

be distinguished for 以……而著名

练一练：

Color blind people often

(发现很难区别) blue and green. 8. practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的

practice n.实践

put into practice 付诸实践

1）Should we just pay lip service or

to protect it? 我们是该敷衍了事还是采取实际措施来保护它呢？(2013·江苏·书面表达) 2）It remains to be seen whether the newly­formed committee’s policy

(能付诸于实践)．

2

9. convenient

方便的

convenience 方便，

便利

It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 方便某人做某事

at one's convenience在方便的时候

for convenience 为了方便起见

练一练：

1）你明天开始工作方便么？

Will it

start work tomorrow？

I keep my reference books near my desk

. （为方便起见）

Important expressions 1.call up 叫醒，打电话给... 使想起

Eg:The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood. 【词语拓展】

call for需要

call at拜访某地

call on拜访某人

call on sb.to do...号召某人做……

call off取消

call out大声地说；召唤某人

call in叫某人进来

call back回电话；再打电话

填入适当的词：

1) Let’s _______

James on the way home.

2) The trip to Italy might be

_________

because of bad weather. 3) This kind of work _______

a lot of patience and caution. 4) The Ministry of Education ____

students to exercise for an hour every day. 2. set about + n./doing

开始做某事

set out to do

开始；着手做某事

1）I

the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. （开始研究）

2）Bell never

the telephone and he was trying to design a multiple telegraph. （开始发明）

【词语拓展】

set out

出发,启程

set off 出发,动身,使爆炸

set aside 留出,对……不予以考虑

set down 记下,写下

set up 设置,造成,产生

set an example to sb 为某人树立榜样

【词语运用】选用上述短语完成句子。

(1)We _____________ discussing when and how we should finish the task.

(2)As a traditional way to celebrate the new year,_________firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people. (3)He is used to_____________ his important thoughts in his diary.

3. dive into 跳入；把手伸入

1) She

a pool.

跳入

2) He

his pocket and took out a packet of cigarettes 把手伸入

4. hang on --- hold on 稍等，别挂，坚持

3

1)

--- I’ll just see if he’s here. （别挂电话）

2) I know you’re tired, but try to

a bit longer.

(坚持) 【词语拓展】

hang out逗留；闲荡

hang back退缩；踌躇不前

get/have the hang of sth.学会做某事的技巧

5. get through

接通（电话），

通过（考试），用完，度过

写出下列每句话中get through的意思：

1) At first the telephone line was out of order. But I finally got through to one of the managers.

2) He gets through at least $ 500 every week.

3) I’m afraid your son failed to get through her mid-term exams.

4) I’m very grateful that they helped me get through the hard times.

6. out of order

发生故障；次序颠倒

1) Some of the pages in this book

. (次序颠倒) 拓展：

out of breath 上气不接下气的 out of control 控制不了的

out of date 过时的, 废弃的out of touch 不联系, out of work 失业的

Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind 眼不见,心不烦

Important sentence patterns

1. Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。

句型公式：祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句

One more effort，and you’ll succeed.

再努力一下，你会成功。

Quit smoking，or/otherwise/or else you may ruin your health. 要戒烟，否则你会毁了自己的健康。

2. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.

every time起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，相当于each time或whenever,

eg. Every time I saw her, she was always dressed in red. 【拓展】from time to time有时；不时

in time 及时, 最终

on time准时

in no time 立刻；马上

at one time 过去，曾经

at a time 每一次

写出汉语意思：

some time

some times

sometime

sometimes

Grammar 1.过去分词及过去分词短语做定语

(1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语：这类动词有：

amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,surprise,astonish,delight ,inspire, please, 4

puzzle, terrify, shock, satisfy, worry, confuse, amuse, tire等。这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词，它们常常用来修饰人。

这位激动的老人一句话也说不出来。

The excited old man could not say a word. (2)表示动作完成或被动的过去分词作定语：

地上有许多落叶。

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

He is a teacher respected by all his students. =He is a teacher who is respected by all his students. 【即时练】

You should improve your________(speak) English. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________(develop) after great effort. The concert ________(give) by the band was a success. 大部分被邀请参加游园会(garden party)的学生来自我们的学校。

_________________________________________________________ 2.过去分词做表语

过去分词做表语时总用在系动词后，表示主语所处的状态。常见的词有: surprised,

astonished,

amazed,

moved, exhausted,

worried,be devoted, pleased, inspired,

encouraged,excited, delighted,

satisfied,

scared,

frightened, disappointed We were encouraged by the news at the meeting. 在会议上，我们很受这个消息的鼓舞。

It is a pity that this lake is badly polluted. 【即时练】

Please remain _______(seat) until the end of the meeting. 我父亲给我的茶杯破了。

_______________________________________________________ 我不知道她为何看起来很失望。

_______________________________________________________ 3.过去分词做宾语补足语

可以跟过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有：

（1）

see, hear, watch, feel, think, find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。

（2）

make, get, have, leave等表示“致使”意义的动词。

（3）

like, wish, want, order等表示“希望，要求”意义的动词。

（4）

with+宾语+过去分词

I heard my name called when I was walking in the street.

You shouldn’t leave your work undone.

He won’t like such questions answered in this way.

With the matter settled, we all went home. 【即时练】

1.I found my wallet_______(steal) when I went home. 2.With water ________(heat), we can see the steam. 3.Claire had her luggage _________(check) an hour before her plane left.

4.He won’t like such questions _____________________________(在会上讨论).

语法随堂检测

用动词的正确形式填空

5

1.The boy looked up with a _________(please) expression. 2.He got his tooth ________(pull) out yesterday. 3.When he woke up, he found himself ________(tie) to a big tree. 4.________(pollute) air and water are harmful to people’s health. 5.The suggestion ________(make) by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 7.The girl _________(dress) in a blue dress has a gift for music. 8.She stood in front of him, with her eyes _______(fix) on his face.

翻译句子

1.破损的窗户将很快被修好。

__________________________________________________________________ 2.昨天在会上讨论过的问题还没有解决呢。

__________________________________________________________________ 3我到家时发现我的钱包被偷了。

__________________________________________________________________ 4.我对Tom提出的建议很感兴趣。

_________________________________________________________________

课后练习：

I单句填空

1.We all have an ___________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week. 2.What was it that distinguish her ________ her classmates? 3.In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and _________(seize) opportunities can one succeed. 4.The ________ (injure)workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

5.The people ______(invite) to the party were all _________(retire) soldiers. 6.I was _____________（disappoint）

with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 7.________(see) from the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful. 8. Deeply _____________(impress) by what the teacher said, the boy decided to help the disabled child. 9. The teacher came in, _________(follow) by a group of students. 10. He spoke so loud that he could make himself ______________(hear). 11. The teacher wouldn’t like the problem _____________(discuss) at the moment.

12. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ (tie) behind his back. 13.It is said that he is associated _______ Mr.Brown in business. 14.Go on a vacation, ______ you will forget unhappy things. 15.It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.

II 完形填空

If you ever have a chance to go to Finland, you’ll probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example．You can go ___1___ on a journey, tell the driver to ___2___ you at any place, say that you have some business to _ 3___, and that you will pay the taxi driver later. He will agree without any ___4___ but just accept your words in good ___5___. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their __6__, but also provide food for outside 6

__7_．Hotel guests have their meals free , so they __8__ go to the free dining rooms to have their meals, and the __9_ they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter．With such _10__check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to wine and dine free of __11_. Finnish workers are paid by the hour．If you work in Finland and have ___12___ the boss on the hourly rate, then you just say how many hours you have worked and you’ll be paid ___13___. With so many loop holes in every day life, surely Finland must be a good country to those who __14_ to take “petty advantages”．But the __15__ thing is, all the taxi passengers always come back to pay their __16_ after they have attended to their business; not a __17__ outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms; workers always give the exact hours they have __18__．As the Finns always act on good faith and always have a (an) __19__of “right is right” and “wrong is wrong” in every thing they do, so to live in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. What we regarded as “foolish” is ___20__ the Finnish people’s way of life．

1. A. somewhere

B. anywhere

C. sometime

D. anytime 2. A. stop

B. pass

C. drop

D. pick 3. A. attend to

B. take care

C. take up

D. appeal to 4. A. guarantee

B. anxiety

C. passenger

D. money 5. A. smile

B. place

C. seat

D. faith 6. A. meals

B. visitors

C. guests

D. cards 7. A. waiters

B. diners

C. drivers

D. workers 8. A. naturally

B. respectively

C. secretly

D. contently

9. A. best

B. worst

C. most

D. least 10. A. strict

B. complete

C. troublesome

D. loose 11. A. registration

B. care

C. charge

D. noise 12. A. paid for

B. debated with

C. talked about

D. agreed with 13. A. accordingly

B. reluctantly

C. separately

D. automatically 14. A. hesitate

B. hate

C. love

D. refuse

15. A. strange

B. confusing

C. complex

D. imaginative 16. A. business

B. trip

C. fine

D. fare

17. A. single

B. faithful

C. familiar

D. usual 18. A. worked on

B. put in

C. spent on

D. run out

19. A. religion

B. law

C. idiom

D. attitude 20. A. eventually

B. accidentally

C. actually

D. temporarily

III 短文改错

Time flies! This is a third year that I have been in this school. In the past two and a half years, our school had organized many activities. What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm which we learned to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for so a long time, we were so happy to go to the countryside. After divided into three 7

groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces; some dug holes, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the hole, put the earth back and pushed them down hard. We continued doing that until all the work was done. Although we were exhausted, but we felt fulfilled on our way back home.

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