Grammar课堂实录【2】

Module 1 Grammar 高一1部英语组2010-9-13 I. The Present Tense 1.表示经常性;习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually, often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never, on Mondays 等时间状语连用。

He never gives up, whenever he fails. 2.表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。

A plane travels more quickly than any other traffic. 3.表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。

It’s Sunday today. He is at church.

4.表示与安排、计划或时刻表有关的动作。常用于转移动词。

The evening class begins at 19:00. II. The Present Continuous Tense 1.表示此刻(说话时正在进行的动作: — Is this rain coat yours? — No, mine ___ there behind the door. A. hangs B. hung C. is hanging

D. has hung (1997 2.表示现阶段(目前正在进行的动作: Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly. (2001 A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will changed 3.与always, all the time等连用可表示反复性、一贯性的动作,且常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。

He ___ of how he can do more for the people. A. will always thinks B. is always thinking C. has always been thought D. does think always 4. come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive 等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。

I want to know when he ___ for New York. A. has left B. is leaving

C. had left D. would leave III. Exercises: 1—Is this rain coat yours? —No, mine ______ there behind the door. (1997 A. hangs B. hung C. is hanging D. has hung 2Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______ so rapidly. (2001 A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will changed 3He _______ of how he can do more for the people. A. will always thinks B. is always thinking

C. has always been thought D. does think always 4I want to know when he ___________ for New York. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. would leave 5Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they ______ today. A. aren’t; are

B. aren’t; were

C. weren’t; are

D. weren’t; were 6Months ago, we sailed 10,000 miles across this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

7Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People ________ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 8—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _______ quite early, so we _______ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go 9Because the shop ________, all the T- shirts are sold at half price. A. closed down B. has closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down

10I ________ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play IV. 基本句型

V、主语—系动词—表语(SVC 英文中常见的系动词主要有:become, look, seem, appear, get, feel, grow, turn, remain, come, fall, hold, keep, stand, stay, smell, sound, taste等。系动词后接的部分可称为表语或(主语补足语,主要是用来说明主语的性质、状态、特征、职业、年龄等等。

This machine is in good condition. 这台机器的情况良好。

The garden smells pleasant. 这座花园香气怡人。

Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。

二、主语—动词(SV 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有直接宾语;但常带有状语。

The water is boiling. They have been waiting there for hours. The train will leave soon. The flags are waving in the wind. 三、主语—动词—宾语(SVO

这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,必须带有自己的宾语。

He has a sister . They wanted to have a rest. She successfully carried out her plan. 四、主语—动词—宾语—宾语(SVOO 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语:前一个宾语称为”间接宾语”,多由代词或名词充当;后一个宾语称为”直接宾语”,往往由名词充当。这类句型常有”给某人某物”、”送某人某物”、”留给某人某物”等意思。常见的这类谓语动词有give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, write, take, show, teach, get, award, lend, rent, buy, pay, hand, recommend等。

She brought me a shirt. Pass him the dictionary, please. I lend him my bicycle. 五、主语—动词—宾语—宾语补足语(SVOC 在这一结构中,宾语补足语是对宾语”做什么”、”怎么样”等方面进行补充说明。宾语和谓语动词是”动宾关系”,而宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上却是”主谓关系”。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。

We elected him our monitor. The news made me happy. President appointed John manager of Marketing. He heard somebody opening the door. We know him to be an expert. The story made us laugh. I found myself in dark. V. 句子的成分

构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语。它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组以及句子来担任。

主语一个句子中所要表达、描述的人或物,是句子的主体。

I work here. She is a new teacher. He is in charge of a limited company. 主语可以由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化形容词,分词,从句,短语等来担任。The book is on the desk. When to begin is not known yet. The wounded has been taken to the hospital. 谓语用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。

The child has been brought up by his mother. We don’t know him very well.

She speaks English fluently. 表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。

These desks are yellow. We are happy now. The dictionary is in the bag. My question is how you knew him. 宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者。宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。

I saw a cat in the tree. I want to go shopping. We think you are right.

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面, 但间接宾语前须加"to"。

My father bought me a book. Give the rubber to me. Please give the letter to XiaoLi. 有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。

We all call him LaoWang. Please color it red. We found the little girl in the hill. 定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质、特征范围等情况的词叫做定语;定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词、短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。

That is a beautiful flower. This is my book, not your book. I have a lot of things to do. 状语英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial。状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。

He speaks English very well. Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.

He is playing under the tree. 同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语(appositive。这两个句子成分多由名词(代词担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词之后。

The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting. I will never forget the day when I joined the army. Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.