Using LanguageⅡppt配套的教学设计方案

高三英语有效教学设计案例

议论文段落写作教学设计案例

如何写好议论文段落——解决问题型写作

广州市海珠外国语实验中学 孙秀英

在高三的写作备考中，如何促进学生有效运用写作知识、提高议论文读写任务正文部分的写作水平是值得深思熟虑的事情。而议论文段落的表达方式非常有规律，通过主题句和拓展句的表述和严密的逻辑关系的呈现，让读者接受自己的观点和立场，所以教学设计要从段落结构的清晰度、段落内容的有效度和段落表达的准确度三个角度来定位，在教学过程中，让学生通过完成学习任务来内化和正迁移该类段落写作的有效策略。

一、教学设计理念

1、写前活动：技巧准备

（1）判断段落的主题句与拓展句是否匹配，明确主题句与拓展句的关系。

（2）如何表达主题句，准确定位主题句的主题和核心词，及其导向作用。

（3）如何陈述理由，分析段落内部句与句之间的关系。

（4）如何解决问题，提出解决方案，给出建议，把握拓展句之间的逻辑关系。

（5）规划段落写作的结构框架，通过样本分析，找到段落写作的技巧。

2、写前活动：话题背景知识补充

本课讲的是如何减少或避免交通事故，从内容上需要给学生提供丰富的背景知识，形成内容图式。通过课后作业，让学生阅读，准备充分的内容图式。

（1）一篇新闻报道，报导高速公路上一起严重的交通事故，让学生从感性和理性角度体悟交通事故的灾难性后果。

（2）介绍了世界上第一条地铁——伦敦地铁和世界上最繁忙的地铁——日本东京的麦德龙地铁，让学生体味优质交通线的魅力。

（3）让学生收集2000年至2014年重大交通事故，整理资料，分析归纳事故原因，对造成的损失进行统计。

3、写时活动：本环节主要回归语言学习的重要环节——用语言做事，让学生通过学习任务的完成，表达自己的观点：如何更有效地减少和避免交通事故。

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4、写后活动：自我修改；相互修改；精品赏析；评价分为段落结构的清晰度、段落内容的有效度和表达的准确度三个角度，每项又有细目评价标准。学生互评环节让学生以编辑身份审视他人作品；作品展示环节，学生自己说出文章特色，达到欣赏语言的境界。

5、教师角色：启发、指导、示范、商讨、点评、组织展示作品。

6、写作理念：全过程以课程理念为指导，以课标为指引，整合资源和开发资源，让学生在完成写作任务前有充分的背景知识，做到自信从容地完成写作任务。整个教学活动中，做到让学生充分感悟、协商、交流、表达。

二、学情分析

学生意识到写作的重要性，但议论文段落写作的基本技能并没有培养好，对段落的结构、段落的内容要求，段落的评价标准是一种模糊状态,所以要用几个环节的训练,让学生真实体验如何写好解决问题型的议论文段落写作。 三、教学内容分析

(一) 案例背景

议论文段落写作在内容上,要保证主题句与拓展句是论点与论据的证明与被证明关系和谐统一；在结构上,要确保论证过程合理，议论的各部分之间的次序和比例关系要正确和恰当，段落各要素的呈现有条理性，句与句之间的逻辑关系要恰到好处；在表达方面，要根据主题用文体自身独特的语言风格表述,要让学生学会用高度抽象化的逻辑思维来发展和推进论证过程。这一切必须经过准确到位的训练。

（二）教学内容及课时安排

时间安排：两节课80分钟

教学内容：本课通过议论文段落的各要素的梳理、明了与准确定位，使得学生能够高度关注段落的写作特点；大量的文本阅读，让学生分析、感悟与提炼写作素材，努力做到言之有理、言之有物、言之有序、言之有文；学生完成写作任务并进行互评与赏析，达到掌握和运用该类写作策略的目的。

（三）教学重点难点

1、重点：

(1）了解议论文段落写作的特点。 (2）使用规范的语言完成论证的全过程。

2、难点：

正确写出段落的主题句与匹配的拓展句，句与句之间能自然衔接，表达时学会用清晰的句子意义与严谨的论证来说“理”，达到解决问题类段落写作的目的。

四、三维教学目标

（一）知识技能

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①通过两节课的学习使学生能够掌握议论文段落写作的特点。

②帮助学生学会使用交通事故为主题的核心词汇及表达方式。

（二）能力目标

①学生能使用规范的议论文段落写作技巧，完成论证的全过程。

②学生能利用话题背景阅读知识，提取有效信息，整合信息。

③学生能使用严谨表达力强的语言来论证自己的观点。

（三）情感态度

①帮助学生梳理议论文段落的写作思路，从而减轻写作焦虑感。

②让学生大胆地说理，充分地表达自己对人对事的观点与看法。

③提高交通安全意识，减少交通事故问题，学会警醒自己、警醒他人。

五、教学方法

1.教学方法

：分析——归纳——反馈训练——提取信息——整合信息——自我评价——同伴评价——个别辅导——精品展示——集中点评——作品分享；

2.教具手段：多媒体辅助教学；学案

六、具体教学步骤（Teaching procedures:） 第一课时

议论文段落写作技巧

Step one: topic sentence and supporting ideas主题句与拓展句

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Enjoy and analyze great works.

优秀作品中的主题句与拓展句赏析

通过优秀作品样本分析，学生准确理解主题句与拓展句之间的紧密关系，

(1) It is obvious that high school life is much simpler than college life. What I focus on is just the study of the basic knowledge and better academic performance. I don’t have to worry about anything else except study as my parents have arranged nearly everything for me. (2) As for me, college life will be more colorful and challenging. An ideal college is a place where I not only study my major but also have opportunities to take part in various clubs and social activities. Most importantly, I will learn a lot of basic life skills so as to be more independent and prepare for my social life.

(3) In my opinion, the biggest difference between middle school life and college life is that I have to be more independent and learn to face nearly everything on my own. I think I should adopt a positive attitude towards every difficulty and believe in myself because only in this way can I adapt to the college life more easily and quickly.

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2. Practice: Analyze the relationship between topic sentences and supporting ideas. 辨识分析主题句与拓展句的关系

（1）分析主题句与拓展句是否匹配，找出不匹配的原因。

（2）主题句应直接呼应相应的写作要点，其作用为_______________ 和 ____________ （3）阅读以下四个例子，分析主题句与拓展句是否匹配，请用√做出判断。（从哪些关键词体现出主题句与拓展句高度匹配，与关键词匹配的部分用——；不匹配的部分用＝）

（1）Example 1: As for me, high school life is quite busy and exhausting. Even though there is endless homework to do every day, I enjoy my high school life because I am not alone, and I am fighting with my classmates for our own dreams---our ideal colleges. 部分匹配 匹配 不匹配 （2）Example 2: As for me, what impresses me most of the high school life is its toughness. Some students may disagree for they think the first two years are quite easy. But in general, facing the stress from the university entrance exam, nobody is having a good time. 部分匹配 匹配 不匹配

（3）Example 3: As for me, I regard my middle school life as an unforgettable experience filled with both happiness and hardship. In terms of happiness, I am so glad to make the acquaintance of warm-hearted friends and patient teachers, who are always by my side to support me. When it comes to hardship, I am so occupied with mountains of homework every day as well as facing endless exams.

部分匹配 匹配 不匹配

（4）Example 4: In terms of my own middle school life, no words can be a better description than tiring and stressful. With endless homework every day, I’m deprived of the opportunity to relax myself physically and mentally. What’s more, under the pressure of the college entrance exam, I can do nothing but devote all my time and energy to studying. 部分匹配 匹配 不匹配

设计目的：本环节通过欣赏佳作，采用归纳和演绎的思维方式，让学生感知分析归纳总结出段落内部主题句与拓展句之间的密切关系；多个练习活动的设计，让学生进一步理解并掌握主题句与拓展句之间微妙的关系，激活学生关于此类议论文的段落写作知识，形成结构图式，学会巧妙地将这些知识迁移到写作中。

Step two: Paragraph skills段落技巧训练与强化

1.

How to state your main idea

如何准确陈述主题

（1）

What is the main idea?

概念理解

The main idea of a paragraph is what the whole paragraph is about. A paragraph has just one main idea. The

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main idea is stated in a topic sentence. （2）

What are characteristics of the topic sentence? 特征分析

Three characteristics of the topic sentence: 1)

Topic: The topic sentence tells you who or what the paragraph is about. 2)

Focus焦点或核心: The topic sentence tells you what the writer thinks about the topic or what aspect of the topic the writer plans to discuss. 3)

Tips: A good topic sentence is neither too narrow nor too broad. It is broad enough to tell your readers what the whole paragraph is about, but it is narrow enough to focus on a single idea that you can explain. （3）

Practice: Three examples of the topic sentence (Broad? Narrow? Reasonable?)

操练巩固

1)

Everyone recognizes that crime is a problem.

2)

My parents’ home was broken into two months ago.

3)

My neighborhood watch program has shown us how to discourage robbers.

Key: 1）(too broad)

(What kind of problem?) 2）(too narrow because it simply states a fact that need not be further explained.)

3）(Reasonable; the topic: neighborhood watch program; focus: how to discourage robbers) 设计目的：本环节通过对主题句的概念理解和特征分析，让学生感知、理解议论文段落主题句的具体表述方法；操练环节，进一步内化这些知识，达到完全掌握并迁移到后续的写作任务中的效果。

2.

How to provide reasons to explain

如何精确表述拓展句

Reasons help explain why something happens or why something is the way it is.

概念分析

Three examples例证演示

(1) Topic sentences: Though there are several colleges I could have attended, I chose Valencia Community College. Reasons: 划出与主题词相关的单词（上下义构词原则：如animal: dog; cat; deer）

1)

The campus is only three miles from my house. 2)

I can save money by living at home. 3)

The tuition is affordable. 4)

The atmosphere at Valencia is friendly and personal. 5)

The programs and services available are helping me plan my future. 主题词：

下义词：

(2) Topic sentence: To overcome math failure, you must first understand why so many students fail.

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Reasons:

划出与主题词相关的单词（上下义构词原则：如animal: dog; cat; deer）

6)

Math anxiety afflicts many students who have a “fear of failure”

7)

A fear of success can also affect students’ performance in math.

8)

Equating math grades with self-esteem can lead to negative feelings that direct attention away from the task. 9)

Procrastination is the reason many math students get behind and never catch up. 主题词：

下义词：

(3)

Topic sentence: So far, our community has remained safe even though we live near a high-crime area. Reasons:

划出与主题词相关的单词（上下义构词原则：如animal: dog; cat; deer）

10)

One reason is that the city has installed quartz halogen bulbs in the street lights to make it harder for criminals to hide. 11)

Police make regular neighborhood patrols. 12)

Also, we have a successful neighborhood watch program. 13)

Our school board approved a crime-prevention program for grades K-12 that has been in effect for several years. 主题词：

下义词：

3. How to give advice 如何陈述观点

Advice; Suggestion; Measures; Actions; Tips; Methods; Ways; Solutions列单式说观点

Four examples例证演示

(1) Topic sentence: To deal with the overwhelming stress, immediate measures can be taken. Advice: 划出measures的相关词汇

1）First of all, senior 3 students should take a positive attitude towards the College Entrance Examination, never considering it as the final goal. 2）

In addition, they had better do some exercises, which can be a helpful way to release their academic burden. 3）

Finally, they are supposed to keep a balanced diet and make sure that they have enough sleep. Conclusion: Only by making joint efforts can the pressure be released gradually. (2) Topic sentence: The possible ways to protect wildlife from disappearing can be suggested as follows. What ways:

3eyes（从不同的立场和角度看问题）

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1)

To begin with, the government should pass laws to punish those who harm animals or trade animal fur or skin. 2)

Besides, people must stop hunting animals for their fur or skin. 3)

Last but not least, as a senior student, we had better avoid any products that have been made from threatened or endangered animals.

Conclusion: If we don’t take immediate action, we will be depriving future generations of our most precious heritage. (3) Topic sentence: Nowadays, even high school students are under great pressure. What pressure:

3 eyes 1) First of all, parents usually set high demands and expectations on their children, sometimes including their own unrealized dreams. 2）Next, teachers hope that every student gets a high mark in exams, which probably gets students involved in the overloaded schoolwork. 3）Finally, students give themselves too much pressure by comparing with fellow classmates or something else. (4)

Here are some suggestions on how to reduce waste on campus.

To begin with, we should turn off the light when we leave dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible.

Secondly, we should not spend too much money.

Thirdly, we should stop wasting water when we bathe or wash clothes and dishes. 设计目的：本环节通过样本分析，让学生体悟主题句与拓展句之间的逻辑关系，掌握语言表达上的技巧。

Homework1: 话题背景知识补充，内容图式的建构。

本课讲的是如何减少或避免交通事故，从内容上需要给学生提供丰富的背景知识。通过课后作业，让学生阅读大量资料和收集资料，准备充分的内容图式。

（1）一篇新闻报道，报导高速公路上一起严重的交通事故，让学生从感性和理性角度体悟交通事故的灾难性后果。

（2）介绍了世界上第一条地铁——伦敦地铁和世界上最繁忙的地铁——日本东京的麦德龙地铁，让学生体味优质交通线的魅力。

（3）让学生收集2000年至2014年重大交通事故，整理资料，分析归纳事故原因，对造成的损失进行统计。

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第二课时

Paragraph writing——How to solve problems 段落写作——解决问题型 Learning aims:

学习目标

1、

2、

3、

4、

一、

明确段落表达的基本框架；

梳理段落中句与句的逻辑关系；

写好主题句与拓展句；

掌握段落写作的技巧；

Situation情景: Part1:

WHY THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS HAPPEN? （subjective,

objective）

学生归纳总结自己收集的关于近几年来交通事故的统计，做出简单的分析报告。

1）Driver’s reasons

ignore traffic laws, overtaking, exceed the speed limit, fatigue ,Drunk driving，Doing Things While

Driving （cell phone）;absent-minded;

without driving licenses

2）Pedestrians’ reasons

randomly across the road, ignore traffic signs, run the red lights; take short cuts; 3) The vehicle

in poor vehicle performance, malfunction, braking, lighting, mirrors

4) the reasons for the road：design problems; 5) Environmental causes of traffic

climate conditions：slippery；foggy; snowy; rainy Part2: 背景引入

The number of the traffic accidents has been growing in recent years in China. In 2004 there occurred 570,000 traffic accidents, in which 109,000 people got killed. By October 2005, the number of the accidents reached 566,000 and 95,600 people lost their lives. While the number of the cars in China makes up only 2% the total of the world, the rate of the deaths is 22%, making China a country with the highest death rate of traffic accidents in the world.

设计思路：帮助学生梳理主题内容，刺激内容图式，过渡到正文主题，为写作提供思路和方向；内容以交通事故成因分析为主，让学生从不同角度不同立场看问题，对问题进行理性思考和剖析，联系到主人翁意识，提高责任感，为解决交通问题出谋划策。背景引入再次警醒人们解决交通问题的迫切性和必要性。

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二、Task任务: 你作为中学生，了解了这些信息后一定有很多想法，袖手旁观当然是不可取的，那么面对交通事故问题，我们到底可以做些什么更有效地减少和避免交通事故？你有什么好的建议？

三、Demands写作要求：

1 2 3 4 5 6 only one paragraph at least 90 words at least 8 sentences Topic sentence ﹢

supporting sentences (sentence1﹢sentence2﹢sentence3…)

Outline: supporting sentences: major idea﹢minor ideas(idea1﹢idea2…)

Ending（hope? Suggestion? Appeal? Belief?……?）

设计思路：写作要求清晰明了，让学生迅速回顾和把握议论文段落写作的基本框架，激活结构图式，鼓励学生在落笔前一定学会先对写作的已知条件进行分析，找准写作的方向标，少走弯路，提高效率，尽快到达终点。

四、Writing procedure写作过程

1、Look before you leap三思而后行

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 your topic

your focus (key words of your topic)

your purpose

to whom

your role

your tone

your organization a. your logical order b. numbers of supporting sentences c. key words of your supporting ideas

idea idea1: idea2: idea3: ……

设计思路：带领学生观察主题句与拓展句的内在逻辑关系，帮助学生更好地掌握如何写主题句，如何拓展支撑句；分析语篇的语域特征，关注写作主题、写作目的、写作对象、写作语气、写作的结构。学生初次构思，列单式罗列要点，写出关键词，为写作进一步明确思路。

2、Benefit by deep thinking集思广益

Adding more ideas from others: 1)

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2) 3) 4) 5）

Tick the number for your final decision. 设计思路：让学生讨论，集思广益，收集新的信息，整理素材，做到写前胸有成竹。

3、Thousands of hammer million refining千锤万炼

Start your Final writing of the whole paragraph My masterpiece

Author作者: No:

设计思路：学生开始写初稿，写的全过程中，教师巡查，及时给予个别指导，从语篇结构到词汇挑选都可以给予指点，让学生逐步克服写作的畏难情绪，自信满满地进行写作。

4、Carp吹毛求疵 How to solve problems段落写作评价表

Author作者： Checklist1 assessor评价人：

item 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 content 主题句有明显的主题topic 主题句有明确的关键词focus 写作目的明确purpose 写作对象明确to whom 写作语气合理tone 段落结构合理organization 文体特征明确 style 内容丰富content 观点新颖独特有说服力persuasive 语法正确grammar 句式多样化；词汇丰富优美

5 4 3 10 Rich and variety

in sentence and words choice

10 score 5 4 3 Comment文字点评

5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3

Total总分乘以2：

Final comment文字点评: 5、

Stones from other hills may serve to polish the jade of

this one它山之石可以攻玉

学生严格按评价表,点评同伴的作品

设计思路：引导学生从篇章的角度出发，注意段落内部各要素的衔接和过渡，学会以编辑身份审视他人的作品，把它当作一面镜子，来深刻反思自己的写作，注意写作各要素的准确性、贴切性和地道。学生学会学以致用，把本课学到的技巧运用到写作评价中，以已有的知识去批判性地阅读他人作品，吸取精华。

6、

New knowledge originates from old.温故而知新

Homework2: 1. Collect words and expressions about traffic accidents. 中文单词

英文

行人

罚款

十字路口

过失

超…的数

悲剧

高速公路

走神

救护车

拖延

踩车人

湿滑的

机动车

不可避免

禁止

人行道

急救

中文词组

丧生

死亡率

遵守交通规则

逆向行驶

电动自行车

导致严重伤亡

走人行道

超速

任意

酒驾

为了安全

减少交通事故

个人安全

在机动车道上

防止悲剧发生

交通环境

闯红灯

英文词组

11 中文词组

过马路

冲过来

伤势严重

斑马线

吸取教训

撞到

急救中心

抄近道

无视交通法

经济损失

拐弯

限制…的使用

推进公共交通

交通堵塞

高峰期

驾驶执照

驾校

英文词组

拼车

文明的

绿色出行

珍惜生命

靠…的右边

步行天桥

缓解…的压力

单双号政策

占优势

设计思路：写作知识中的语言要素是决定文章成败的关键要素之一，作业设计以交通话题词汇为主，从词的选择，到词组的运用都详尽而丰富，为提升语言层次打下基础，也为话题的拓展和延伸提供素材。

2. Summary A good discussion essay needs: 

to have an introduction, a middle and a conclusion 

to be written in paragraphs 

to keep to the point 

to give the writer’s opinion and other people’s views 

to come to conclusions Task: Refer to three readings in Period1 to write a passage (150-200words) 3. Work with a partner. Read your essays together and discuss if there is anything you want to add or change. Due Dates 1.

Monday: Exchange rough drafts with classmates. 2.

Tuesday: Critique each other’s papers in class.

3.

Wednesday: Revised draft of paper to the teacher for comments. 4.

Thursday: Individual conferences with Teacher on your paper. 5.

Friday: Bring newly revised draft to class for proofreading. 6.

Friday: Final draft clue for a grade. Checklist2 1. Are the ideas clearly stated? 2. Are the ideas logically ordered? 3. Are the ideas stronger enough to persuade others? 4. Have you made it clear which ideas and claims come from you and which ideas come from any other authors? 5. Reread the concluding paragraphs of the paper. Do they completely discuss the significance of the paper or the purpose of the paper? 6. How appropriate the grammar, word choice, spelling, and punctuation are? If you’re not certain whether

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there’s a mistake, write a question mark next to the place you’re thinking about.

7. Are your expressions various and rich? 7. Put final draft on the wall with spaces for comments. 8. Arrange all the worksheet in groups. 9. Add checklist for students to refer to. 10. Pick out the top ten for discussion and share. 设计思路：作业任务2为归纳总结，让学生明晰好的议论文的框架结构，为任务3提供思路。由于150字篇幅较长，所以设计了一个周的任务，学生严格按Due Dates的要求和评价表2的要求完成任务，任务的每个环节要求细则明确，有学生的独立任务，也有同学之间的合作分工，有讨论，有思考，有批判，有表扬，最后环节是优秀作品的展示，鼓励优秀同学投入热情去写，去创作。

七、课堂板书设计

A good discussion essay needs: 

to have an introduction, a middle and a conclusion 

to be written in paragraphs 

to keep to the point 

to give the writer’s opinion and other people’s views



to come to conclusions 八．教学效果及反思

本节课设计针对性强，议论文段落写作的技巧与实际运用学习和操练充分。在技巧训练过程中，学生更好地梳理议论文段落的写作框架，明晰了主题句的导向作用，掌握了主题句与拓展句之间的逻辑关系，形成了完善的结构图式。在课后阅读与资料收集环节，学生从篇章入手，整合资源、筛选信息、整理信息，为写作提供了充分的内容图式，做到了自信从容地完成写作任务；写作环节，学生讨论观点，表达观点，陈述理由，用真情实感表情达意；学生互评作文环节，让学生以编辑身份审视他人的作品，同时提高自身的写作能力；两节课的一个亮点是课堂学习任务的延伸，教师把写作的后期工作以“Due dates”的形式布置下去，并把checklist2给学生，让学生充分利用评价方案，从而更准确地评价自己和同伴作品，能重新以读者身份去审读和欣赏文章；学生作品展示环节，学生自己说出文章特色，达到欣赏语言的境界；整个学习过程中，学生通过对比、合作、探究，发现问题、解决问题，达到了预期的授课效果。

从技巧的掌握到篇章的解读到资料的收集到信息的整合到最后的写作，需要大量时间和充分规划，细节到位充分展开，写作课会更高效。

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教学设计流程图

引言及设计理念

学情分析

教学内容

教材地位与作用

知识目标

教材分析

三维教学目标

情感目标

教学分析

教学重点与难点

学习策略

教法分析

课前准备

导入

学法指导

热身

技巧训练

14 阅读训练

教学过程

写作训练

学生部分作品

How to reduce traffic accidents

No.1

To reduce traffic accidents, it needs everyone’s participation and effort. For drivers, they must have great knowledge about driving and hold the legal driving license. Before driving, they are not allowed to drink alcohol and when driving they must keep a clear mind and focus their attention on driving.

Besides it is important for drivers’ friends or relatives to supervise the drivers strictly to ensure their driving safety, especially prohibition on making phone calls while driving.

For those who go against the traffic rules or break the traffic laws, relevant departments should make rules and laws to regulate the drivers’ behavior and even punish them.

As long as everyone behaves themselves and obey the rules, there will be a harmonious traffic environment.

How to reduce traffic accidents

No.2

As we know, traffic accidents are cold-blooded killers that almost 10 thousands of people get killed by them every year. So it is necessary for us to consider how to reduce them. On one hand, we should be advisers. We can advise the relevant departments to check the roads regularly and make the laws more perfect to punish the drivers who disobey the traffic rules and laws. Besides, it is also useful to set some cameras to inspect the drivers’

behaviors. On the other hand, we should do something for ourselves from small things. For example, we can learn more traffic knowledge and supervise each other. If everyone can make your efforts to pay more attention to the

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traffic problems, I am sure we can defeat the killers of traffic accidents. Why not start it from now on?

How to reduce traffic accidents

No.3

How to reduce or avoid traffic accidents effectively is a hot topic, which draws public attention. In my opinion, everyone should take some proper measures to solve this problem. From government perspective, first of all, set speed limit and speed control camera, so that the driver who exceeds the speed limit can be recorded. Secondly, set up laws about transportation to fine and punish those who break the traffic laws. Thirdly, arrange more policemen and volunteers working at the crossroads in rush hours. From media perspective, make more public service advertisements to educate drivers and spread the traffic knowledge. As students, we should also take the responsibility of obeying the traffic laws. For example, take the crosswalk while walking on the roads and never run the red traffic lights. Only in this way can we have a better traffic environment.

How to reduce traffic accidents

No.4

High death rate of traffic accidents shows that traffic problems are becoming more and more serious. To reduce and avoid traffic accidents, here are my suggestions. First, both drivers and pedestrians should obey the traffic rules not only for their own safety but also for others’ life. In this way, relevant departments ought to take some effective measures such as perfecting laws for setting strict punishment. Second, lessening accidents calls for drivers’ caution while driving, especially in extreme situation. Third, road design must be perfectly made under careful consideration and regular check for vehicles and roads is a must. Last but not least, government should offer more accessible choices for public transportation, which not only helps reduce traffic accidents but also does good to environmental protection. Public advertisements are also in great need to spread knowledge about traffic safety. For a better traffic environment, start from now on.

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