Learning about Language特级教师教学实录

非谓语动词---过去分词

一．三维目标

知识目标

Let students to learn the use of past participle as the Adverbial 能力目标

Enable students to use the past participle as the e object complement correctly and properly according to the context. 情感目标

1.Get students to become interested in grammar learning. 2. Develop students’ sense of group cooperation. 二．教学目标

教学重点

Get students to learn and master the grammar item: the Past Participle as the Adverbial. 教学难点

Enable students to learn how to use the past participle as theAdverbial correctly. 三．学习过程

一、根据句意需要，用所给单词的正确形式填空。

1. The robbers are using a ________ (steal) car. 2. The firemen were rescuing the people ________ (trap) in the fire. 3. He looked ________ (worry) after reading the letter. 4. The cup is ________ (break). 5. He managed to make himself __________ (understand). 6. They considered the matter _______ (solve). 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ (tie) behind his back. 8. _____ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 9. ______ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good! 10. He stood there silently, _______ (move) to tears.

归纳总结：非谓语动词：

①动词现在分词:表示______________②动词过去分词:表示______________

③动词不定式:表示______________

以上划线部分在句中的成分（_____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____）

在句1&2中充当：______________

在句3&4中充当：_____ 在句5&6&7中充当：_______

在句8&9&10中充当：____________________

1

二．

动词过去分词充当定语

位前置定语：单个动词过去分词

过去分置

后置定语：过去分词短语

词

意及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成

作定语

义

不及物动词过去分词：表示完成

与定语从句转换

1、、位置

①单个过去分词

，常放在被修饰词的前面

,作前置定语

•

The lost child was found at last.

•

The excited people rushed into building.

•

Lost time can never be found again.

②过去分词短语

，常放在被修饰词的后面

，作后置定语

The child lost in the park was found at last. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success．

③如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词those或是由some / any / no / every + thing / body / one所构成的不定代词时，通常过去分词要放在被修饰的词之后。

There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago. Is there anything planned for tonight?

Everything

used

should be marked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。

2. 使用意义

①及物动词

的过去分词作定语时，表示一个被动的

、已完成的

动作

a damaged bridge 一座被毁坏的桥

iced beer 冰冻啤酒

___________________ 被污染的空气和水

___________

熟食

②不及物动词

的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成

，不表示被动

意义

the risen sun升起的太阳

a retired teacher 一位退休的教师

___________ 落叶

___________ 开水

3、可转换成定语从句

①及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动

,可改为带被动语态

的定语从句

He didn’t turn up at the meeting held yesterday.

(=the

meeting

which

was

held

yesterday

.) I found it hard to understand the English spoken by native villagers.

(=the

English

which

was

spoken

by

native

villagers .)

2

②不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于不能后置的单个过去分词)则表示完成

,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句

We drank some boiled water and went on with our work. (=which

had

boiled

)

4. 小试牛刀：用动词过去分词改写下列句子。

1）I think cloning that is done by scientists is dangerous. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2）The problems that are created by cloning will be clear. _________________________________________________________________________________ 3）We don’t want beasts that are created by scientists to replace us one day.

_________________________________________________________________________________ 4）The only thing that is needed is a cell from your old pet. ____________________________________________________________________________ 三. 动词过去分词充当表语

位

置

位于系动词之后：

过去分意义

词作表语

系动词

已被形容词化，表示主语所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。

1.

be 动词

2. 表示保持的系动词

3.

感官系动词

4. 表象系动词

5. 变化系动词

6. 终止系动词

1.

意义

过去分词作表语，可以看作是过去分词的形容词化，说明的是主语在该动作完成后所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。其前可有quite, very, rather等修饰词。

2. 常见的作表语的过去分词如: closed(关闭的)

婚的)

lost(丢失的)

known(著名的)

married(已gone(遗失的)

3. 即学即练

worried(担忧的)

interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的)

pleased(高兴的)；

surprised(吃惊的);

He ______ _______ after reading the letter．看完信后, 他看起来担忧。

3

He ______ _____ ________ at the idea．听到这个想法, 他似乎相当高兴。

I ___ ____ ______ at the news．

听了这消息我非常高兴。

4.系动词类别

1）be词

可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher. （表示主语的身份－－性质）

He is ill. 他病了。（表示主语的状态）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired.

He seems (to be) very sad.

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

He became mad after that.

She grew rich within a short time.

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

四. 动词过去分词充当宾语补足语

意义

过去分词结构

做宾补

动词

•

说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。

•

过去分词与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾（被动关系）

1.

介词+宾语+宾语补足语

2.

主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词

1.表“希望”、“意愿” 、“爱憎”、“要求”的动词：

2.表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语) 4

3. 表示“致使”意义的动词

1.意义

●能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。

●作宾语补足语的动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。

2. 基本结构：主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词(宾语补足语) （1）.介词+宾语+宾补

with, without + n. + 动词过去分词

With many flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 周围种了许多花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。

They left without a dish touched. 他们离开时一盘菜都没碰。

The _____ _____ ____ ____ his works _________. 这位伟大的作家逝世时作品未完成。

____ ____ ___ _______ __ ____ his hands ____ behind his back. 小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。

（2）. 主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词(宾语补足语) •

在这一结构中, 动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。

•

如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。

3. 能接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词

①

表“希望”、“意愿” 、“爱憎”、“要求”的动词：

want

, wish

, like

, hate

, order

, expect + 宾语

+ (to be) done I want

the

work

finished

on Sunday.我想在星期天完成工作。

I wish

my

homework

finished

before five o’clock.我希望在5点之前完成我的作业。

He won’t like such questions

discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。

Jim ordered

the

room

cleaned . Jim要求房间被打扫。

②

表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)：

feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, observe, notice, find, think, consider + 宾语

+ 动词过去分词

We

saw

the

thief

caught

by

the police. 我们看到小偷被警察抓。

People

found

the

water

polluted . 人们发现水被污染了。

They

thought

the matter settled . 他们认为这问题解决了。

5

③

表示“致使”意义的动词: get

, have

, make

, keep

, leave __ ___ ___ ____ _____ ___ _________. 他昨天拔了牙。

_ ____ __ ____ ___ once a month. 我每个月理一次发。

___ ______ _____ _____ __ _____ _______ _____. 你应该说大声点让别人听到。

He couldn’t keep his eyes shut to all this.

Don’t leave those things undone.

4. “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义

① (请人)把某事做完。

She had her house repaired．

她请人把屋子修好了。

Where did you have your hair cut?

你在哪儿理的发?

②遭遇某种意外情况。

He had his hat blown away on his way home．

在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。

She had her wallet stolen yesterday.

昨天她的钱包被偷了。

③

完成某事

(自己也可能参与)。

I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．

我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。

He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．

他今年已存了1000元。

5. 即时练习：根据所给提示填充句子。

1) As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself ____. (understand) 2) I ________________________ yesterday. (寄信）

3) You must make yourself＿＿＿＿

when you talk in front of the class. （hear) 4) After the robbery, they found the windows ________.(break)

5) You mustn’t make the secret between us ________to the public. (know)

6）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year.

A．carry out

B．carrying out

C．carried out

A. making herself hear

B. to make herself hear

C. making herself heard

D. to make herself heard D．to carry out 7）Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷) 五．

动词过去分词充当状语

过去分词做状意义

语

结构

1. 过去分词短语+逗号+主句

2. 主句+逗号+过去分词短语

说明动作或状态发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。

逻辑主语：主句的逻辑主语

6

与状语从句或“连词+过去分词”结构转换

1. 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。可转换成相应的状语从句。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。表示被动或完成。

①表示时间

,可换成when , while , after 等引导的时间状语

从句

Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. =When

it

is

seen

from space, the earth looks blue.

②表示条件

,可换成if

, once 或unless 等引导的条件主语

从句

Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. =If

they

are

kept

in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.

③表示原因

,可换成because

, as

, since

等引导的原因状语

从句

Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry. =As

they

were

deeply

moved , the children began to cry.

④表示伴随情况

,可换成and

连接的并列句

She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.

=She walked out of the house, and

was

followed

by her little daughter.

⑤表示让步

,可换成although

/though

引导的让步状语

从句

Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.

=Although

he

was

beaten

by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.

2. 有些过去分词(短语) 因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语) 常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。

Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.

3. 有时为了加强时间、条件或让步的意味，还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，

When

given

a medical examination, you should keep calm.

当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。

Though

beaten

by

the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart.

尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。

7

六．

现在分词，过去分词和动词不定式的区别

作状语现在分词：

过去分词：

doing:

不定式：

现在分词：

作定

语过去分词：

不定式：

being done:

8