Learning about Language优质课教案

Book8 Unit2Learing about language

Teaching goals 教学目标

1. Target language目标语言

a. 词汇和短语

differ, undertake, object, obtain, forbid, accumulate, pay off, cast down, in favor of b. 重点句子

1. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.

2. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to

accumulate evidence of the abundant

medical aid that cloning could provide.

3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where

it is leading us.

2. Ability goals能力目标

Let the students focus on the language points. 3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Teach the students some basic use of the vocabulary, phrases and sentences. Teaching important points 教学重点

Vocabulary and phrases Teaching difficult points 教学难点

Sentence pattern Teaching procedures 教学过程

Step

ⅠVocabulary 1. Think about how they differ.

differ vi.

different, difference

常见的结构有：

differ from ... 与……不同

differ in … 在……方面不同

differ with sb. on / about / over sth.

与某人在某事上意见不同

【典型例题】

Thoughts of Oriental (东方人) differ much ____ westerners in a number of ways. A. between

B. between those

C. from

D. from those of 【点拨】此处应该用指代的词，结构和thoughts of一样，但用those代替。

D 用适当的介词填空。

1) I’m sorry to differ ____ you _______ the matter.

2) The customs here differ ____ those of

the south. 3) The two girls differ __ language. 4) There are many differences _______ living in the city and living in the countryside. 2. It is a difficult task to undertake.

undertake vt.

观察示例:

The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然, 这个过程很难实施。

The scientist undertakes the experiment.

科学家从事这项实验。

I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。

The lawyer undertook a new case.

那个律师接了一个新的案子。

undertake是及物动词, 主要有两个义项: 着手做, 从事, 进行; 担任, 承担, 答应, 同意。

完成下列句子。

1) He will _________ __ _______ next month (去旅行).

2) He __________ __ ____ ____ (承担一项新任务). 3. …, Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections…

object

v. 不赞成, 反对

n. 物品, 目标

[派生词] objection

n.

不赞成, 反对

[常用搭配] object to sth./doing sth.

object to sb. 反对某人

object that …

反对……

反对(做)某事

have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对……表示反对

raise an objection to (doing) sth.

对……提出异议

归纳拓展：

object 不及物动词时后接介词to或against; 及物动词时可接that引导的从句。

objection 与have, take, feel等连用构成词组：

have objection to

take objection to feel objection to 句型转换。

1) Have you any objection to my opening

the window?

= Would you ______ __ my opening the

window? 2) take objection to smoking.

= I ______ __ smoking. 3) “But he is too young,” she argued.

= She ________ that he was too young. 4. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, …

obtain

vt.

观察示例:

Meanwhile you will obtain a lot of information.

同时你将获得大量的知识。

She obtained her doctor’s degree in 1996.

她1996年获得博士学位。

The books can be obtained from the library.

这些书可以在图书馆里取得。

His achievement obtained him great fame.

他的成就使得他获得很大的名声。

辨析：obtain, get, gain obtain指通过努力从特定的地方获得非常想要的东西。

get指得到, 所取得的东西不一定跟努力、意志有关。

gain指通过努力取得对自己有益或有价值的东西。

将下列句子译成汉语。

1) She has obtained a driving licence. _________________________

2) He obtained entrance to Beijing University. ___________________________ 5. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, …

forbid vt.

[词义] vt. (to command someone not to do something) 禁止, 不准

[反义词] allow

允许, 准许

[常用搭配]

forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止(做)某事

forbid sb. to do sth.

禁止某人做某事

forbid that … 禁止……

allow sth./doing sth. 允许(做)某事

allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

[词语辩析] forbid, ban, prohibit

都含“禁止”的意思, 具体区别如下:

1) forbid是常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”, 禁止, 不准, 不许。如：

The doctor forbids him to smoke.

医生禁止他吸烟。

Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏厅内不准吸烟。

2) ban语气较重，指权威机机关“正式禁止”, (法律上)禁止, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语, 如:

Ban atomic and nuclear weapons!

禁止原子武器和核武器! 3) prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令”, 如:

The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark.

天黑后士兵不准离开营房。

[注意事项]

1) forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语, 而是跟动名词作宾语, 但是可以跟不定式作宾语补足语(forbid sb. to do sth.), 类似的动词还有: allow, permit,

advise等。

2) forbid后接that引导的从句时, 从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气, 即should +动词原形, should可以省略。

[原文再现]

Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.

根据汉语提示完成句子。

1) He ___________________ (禁止员工吸烟) during office hours.

2) Many parents ___________________ _____________ (禁止他们的孩子独自外出) at night. 3) Marriage _____________ (被禁止) during college time in the past. 6. … but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.

accumulate

vt. 积累，积聚

e.g. He accumulated fortune by hard work.

他因努力工作而积蓄了一笔财富。

The purpose of education is not just accumulating information.

教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。

vi. 积聚

e.g. Dust accumulated during my absence.

我不在期间灰尘积聚了起来。

归纳拓展：

accumulate可作及物动词和不及物动词，表示: 收集, 聚集, 堆积。

accumulation

n.

积聚

如: the accumulation of knowledge 知识的积聚

[考例]

Clinical evidence began to _____, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.

A. operate

C. approve

B. strengthen

D. accumulate

[点拨]

越来越多的临床证据表明，这些新药的用途比以往在动物身上做实验所预测到的更广泛。operate操作，运转；strengthen加强；approve批准，赞成。

D 完成下列句子。

1) He quickly ___________ _____ ______

(积蓄了一大笔财富).

2) Clouds began to __________ __ ___

____ (在天空中聚集). StepⅡ

Phrase 1. But at last the determination and patience of scientists paid off in 1996

with a breakthrough.

pay off

得到好结果; 取得成功; 付清

[观察] 阅读下列句子，观察pay off在

句中的意思。

1. The house is finished at last. All their

hard work has paid off.

2. It took them three years to pay off

[归纳]

pay off作不及物短语动词，意为“______________________”（句1）；作及物短语动词，意为“______”（句2）。

[词语联想] pay (sb.) back sth.

还(某人)某物

pay sb. back for sth.

因……而报复/惩罚某人

pay for sth.

付……的钱；为……付出代价

pay out 为某事而付出大笔款项

the debt.

pay up

付清

[注意事项]

pay off 当“(努力、辛苦)得到好结果；(事业、计划)成功”讲时，为不及物动词短语，用主动语态。

用pay 相关短评的适当形式完成句子。

1) I’ll ___________ (还你钱) next month.

2) You must ______ (为……付出代价) your rude words. 3) _______________ (他努力没有白费) when the manager accepted his proposal.

4) She ____ 200 yuan ___ (付……的钱) Tom’s bike.

2. Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.

研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上，这让他们很沮丧。

cast down

使沮丧

e.g. Don’t be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. 不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！

归纳拓展：

cast down

毁掉；使沮丧

cast away 丢弃

cast off 放弃；丢弃

cast out 赶走

将下列句子译成英语。

1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。______________________________

2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。

____________________________

3. Is it in favour of cloning or against it?

in favour of 赞成；支持

e.g. The score was 80 to 78 in favour of the guest team.

比分是80比78，客队获胜。

The exchange rate is in our favour today. 今天的兑换率对我们有利。

[拓展]其他表示此类意思的短语：

be for

支持

be against

反对

agree with

同意

disagree with 不同意；持不同意见

thumbs up

翘大拇指，赞扬，同意

thumbs down 不赞成，不满

将下列句子翻译成英语。

1. 你赞成她独自一人去那个村庄吗？

2. 在昨天的会议上，我们大家一致赞成经

理的建议。

StepⅢ

Sentence 1. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.

[分析]

a. 本句的主干是newspapers wrote of evil leaders。

b. although引导的让步状语从句中，needed for cloning research是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰human egg cells and embryos。

c. 在主句中，hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions是动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰

__________。

2. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.

[分析]

a. 本句是一个由but连接的并列句。

b. 第一个分句中有两个并列的谓语动词：began和________。

c. 第二个分句中，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词medical aid。

3. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where

it is leading us.

[分析]

a. 本句的主句是scientists still wonder。

b. whether和where分别引导两个从句，

作wonder的宾语。

[仿写]

_________________________________

我们仍怀疑我们的计划能否在明天的会议上通过。

StepⅣ

Exercises I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 写出各单词的正确形式。

1. There are twenty boys and twenty girls in our class. That is to say there are forty

students a________.

2. By buying two books every month, he soon ___________ (积累) as many books as a good library.

3. The lawyer u________ the case for free because the old man was poor. 4. What is the _____ (准确的) meaning of what you said just now? 5. Could you explain the p________ for shutting down the computer? 6. The fans complained about the apparently a_______ distribution of tickets for the next game. 7. She blushed, c______ her eyes down. 8. The book places a high m____ value on marriage and the family unit. 9. Doctors have made a great _____________ (突破) in the kidney transplant. 10. We took a s_____________ route to the seaside, which saved us a lot of time. II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. I have a strong ________ (object) to getting up early every day. 2. What you did wasn’t actually illegal, but it was _______ (moral) wrong. 3. It is _________ (disturb) for a five-year-old boy to explain a scientific theory.

4. Visitors are _________ (forbid) to touch the exhibits. 5. I used to like their music but they’ve become very __________ (commerce). 6. The role of the news _____ (medium) in forming public opinion is very important.