Learning about Language主要内容及教案内容

Book 8 unit 4 Pygmalion 教学设计 learning about the language—过去分词作状语

孟令艳 学习目标: 熟练掌握非谓语动词用法，在练习中正确运用非谓语动词。

【学案预习】

要求：填空并翻译句子。

1._________(give) more time, he can do it better. (表条件) 2._________(exhaust) by the journey , he soon fell sleep. (表原因) 3._________(defeat) again, the scientist didn’t give up. (表让步) 【自我提升】

过去分词（二）---------过去分词作状语

一．

功能及位置

1.功能：做状语的过去分词（短语）具有副词的特性，一般用于修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即谓语所表示的动作发生时的背景状况。过去分词（短语）作状语可以表示时间，原因，方式，条件，结果，让步等；过去分词作状语，一般情况下其逻辑主语是句子的主语，它们之间存在着被动关系。如：

Given better attention, the trees could grow better.

若照顾得好一些，这些树会生长得更好一些。

2.位置，如下图表

置于句首，句尾或主语时间状语

和谓语之间

一般置于句首，偶尔置

过去分词作状语

原因状语

于句尾或居中

条件状语

常位于句首

伴随或结果状语

让步状语

常位于句末

一般置于句首，偶尔放在句末

一般置于句末，偶尔放在句首

方式状语

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二．

与状语从句的转换

过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。

1.

过去分词（短语）做时间状语时，可转换为when, while或after等引导的时间状语从句。如：

Asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent = When they were asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent. 当被问及谁把花瓶打破时，孩子们都不说话了。

2.

过去分词（短语）作原因状语时，可转换为as，since或because等引导的原因状语从句。如：

Deeply moved by the story; the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. =Because they were deeply moved by the story; the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。

3.

作条件状语的过去分词（短语）可转换为if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。

If heated, water can be turned into vapour. =If it is heated, water can be turned into vapour. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。

4.

过去分词（短语）作让步状语时，可转换为although，though，even though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。如：

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. =Even though he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. =Although they were exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

5作伴随或方式状语的过去分词（短语）通常不能转换为方式状语从句，但可转换为一个并列分句。

Mrs Wang came in, followed by her daughter. = Mrs Wang came in, and she was followed by her daughter. 王女士走了进来，（她）后面跟着她女儿。

Dressed in black, she suddenly appeared before us. =She was dressed in black and suddenly appeared before us. 她穿着黑色的衣服，突然出现在我们面前。

三．表示状语的过去分词（短语）作状语

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有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不

表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词或短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）等。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没听见那个声音。

四．独立主格结构

1.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。

Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. (given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一个小时。) 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (seen为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语是主句主语the city，即城市被看。) 从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。

2.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，要使用独立主格结构，即分词必须有自己的主语。独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。如果主语和动词是被动关系，就要用过去分词；如果是主动关系，则用现在分词。

The signal given, the bus started. (the signal 是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语the bus 就不是given的逻辑主语。) 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。

Her head held high , she went by. 她把头昂得高高的从这走了过去。（her head是held high的逻辑主语，因此主句主语she就不再是held high的逻辑主语。）

3.独立主格结构有时也可以用“with/without+名词（或代词的宾语）+分词”的结构，表伴随状况。其中with/without可以省略。

They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake. 他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。

感悟高考

1.

Children, when___________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. (2014·湖南高考改编) 2.

If __________(asked) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. (2013·江西高考改编) 3.

________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

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(2012·北京高考改编) 4 .When______________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012·安徽高考改编) 【自主设疑】

【合作解疑】(10m) 1. 据自主学习情况，个人没有解决的问题在小组内互帮互学

2 组长认真负责，确保人人参与，热烈讨论

3 讨论中的共性问题需要简单整理，并做好展示准备

【展示评价

】（15m）

任务要求：参考导学案设计第一组和第二组的语法部分，各组在黑板上展示本组分得的题目，每个任务有一个组负责书面展示在黑板上，一个组负责点评和质疑，并得出结论。

展示要求：行动迅速，字体工整；声音洪亮，吐字清楚；组内补充，彰显智慧

【课堂小结】(3分) 小组讨论总结这节课的主要内容，总结基本规律，可以让学生表格形式简单归纳一下

【课堂检测】

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______(know ) as 3M. 2. The disc, digitally _____( record ) in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. 3. —

How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? — The key ______( solve ) the problem is to meet the demand ______( make ) by the customers. 4. When first ______( introduce )

to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ (question ) at the meeting by my boss. 6. ______ ( compare) with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ (seat ) as the plane was

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making a landing. 8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______( keep ). 9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______( worry ). 10. —

What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ (call ) Green Peace are protesting against the summit. 11. He had his leg ______( break ) when playing football. 12. Your letter ______( date) Nov. 25 has reached me. 13. ______ (fill ) with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep. 4. Even if ______( invite ), I won’t go. A. d B. inviting C. I invited D. he invites 15. With the homework ______( finish), he was allowed to watch the football match. 16. With his finger ______( point ) to the ______ (break ) window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”

17. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ (bury ) deep in arms. 18. Though ______( warn ) of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 19. If ______( paint ) green, the door might look more beautiful. 20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou ____(include)，were chosen as model workers in this city.

【学案预习】答案

1. Given 2.Exhausted 3.Defeated 翻译：

1.如果给他更多的时间，他就能做得更好。

2由于旅途劳累，他很快就睡着了。

3.尽管再次被打败了，但这位科学家并不放弃。

【自我提升】

感悟高考

1.

accompanied 解析：句意：当被他们的父母陪同时，孩子们被允许进

入体育场。When accompanied by their parents 是一个过去分词短语

作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句when they are accompanied by their parents,此处省略了they are，故应填accompanied. 2.

asked 解析：句意：如果有人要求为他照看行李，请马上报警。根据

inform the police 可知，ask和逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，所以用ask 的过去分词形式。完整的句子是“If you are asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.”

3.

used 解析：句意：如果小心使用，一罐可维持六个星期。本题考查

非谓语动词作状语。空格处的非谓语动词与逻辑主语once tin之间为

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被动关系，故填used. 4.

asked 解析：句意：当被问及对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现

教学非常有趣而且很值得做。考查过去分词作状语。主语Philip与

ask 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。When askd 相当于状语从句

when he was asked。

【课堂检测】答案参考答案：

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. known 2. recorded 3. to solve; made 4. introduced 5. questioned 6. Compared 7. seated 8. kept 9. worried 10. called 11. broken 12. dating 13. Filled 14. invited 15. finished 16. pointing; broken 17.buried 18. warned 19. painted 20. included

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