Learning about Language教学内容

Unit 4

Pygmalion: Learning About Language

Grammar教学设计

云浮中学

伍玉燕

1 Ability goals Enable the students to use the past participle as the adverbial

2 Learning ability goals

How to use the past participle as the adverbial

3 Teaching important & difficult points

How to use the past participle as the adverbial 4 Teaching methods

Task- based activities

Step 1 Revision

Check the homework Step 2 Word study

Ask the students to finish Exercise 1 and 2 in the Learning about Language

Then check the answers with the class Step 3 Grammar

The past participle as the adverbial 一、过去分词作状语的基本用法。

过去分词作状语，主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件。表示原因，时间，条件，让步，方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。

用过去分词或过去分词短语完成下列句子，并指出它们属于哪类状语。

1.原因状语

他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。

Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 2.时间状语。

当被孤独的留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。

Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry. 3.条件状语 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人去人们一般预料的那么严重。

Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose.

如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。

Grown in the soil, these seeds can grow fast. 4.方式或伴随状语。 他静静的站在那里被感动得热泪盈眶。

He stood there silently, moved to tears. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下，走进了房间。

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 5.让步状语 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。

Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.

6.独立成分(插入语)

假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。

Given good weather, our ship will reach

Shanghai on Monday evening. 二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

1.逻辑关系

现在分词做状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于，两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别 1) 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。

他出去后将门随手关上。

He went out, shutting the door behind him. 由于不知怎么办才好，他去找父母帮忙。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间，构成逻辑上的被动关系。

在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。

Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. 3) 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost in;

seated;（坐着的）

hidden（藏着）; stationed(驻扎); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；

born in; dressed in; tired of(厌烦了) 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。

Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.

因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没听到那个声音。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.

2.时间概念 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。

现在分词的一般式doing表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，或在说话时正在进行。现在分词的完成式having done表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个主动动作。现在分词的完成式的被动式having been done常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for +一段时间)连用。表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个被动动作，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换。

注意：一般来说，不论是动词不定式作状语，—

ing分词作状语，还是动词的过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，但是，有一些非谓语动词短语，已经游离出来了，成为单独的短语，在句子中作状语。如：

（1）exactly/ honestly/ frankly/ generally speaking准确地说，/老实地说/坦率地说/一般地说

准确的说，今天早晨他是8点14分来到这里的。

Exactly speaking, he got here at eight fourteen this morning. 一般说来，蛇是不会攻击人的除非你冒犯了它。

Generally speaking, a snake won’t attack a man unless it is bothered.

(2) judging from/by...从/根据某东西判断

从他的口音来判断，他是上海人。

Judging by his accent, he is from Shanghai. (3)providing/provided...假如/如果

要是他按我们的建议去做，我们就能帮助他。

Providing he following our advice, we didn’t punish him.

如果他有空，他肯定会来。

Provided he is free, he is sure to come. (4) considering...考虑到/thinking of...想到,考虑到/talking of...谈到

考虑到时间不早了，我们就没有讨论这个问题了。

Considering it was late, we didn’t discuss the problem.

谈到数学，他就兴奋起来了。

Talking of math, he becomes exited.

此外，还有短语：taking ... Into consideration; calculating roughly; supposing... ; to tell you the truth; to be frank;

to begin with（首先要做的是）;

so to speak(可以这么说)

taken as a whole（从整体上来看）; put frankly(坦率地说); given that（鉴于）

Step 4 Do some exercises

Step 5 Homework

Finish the exercises in USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS