Learning about Language公开课参赛课教案

状语从句

用法：

（一）时间状语从句的用法：

1、注意点：

⑴在时间、条件状语从句中，谓语动词一般不用将来时态表示将来，而用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，用一般过去时态代替过去将来时态，用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态。如：

When he comes here，I will let you know. When I have finished reading the book，I will tell you. 注意：when可以引导时间状语从句，还可以引导宾语、主语等名词性从句；if可以引导条件状语从句，也可以引导宾语从句（引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果，假如”，引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”）；注意当它们引导时间和条件状语从句时，要用一般现在时态表示将来，引导宾语等名词性从句时，仍然要用一般将来时态表示将来。如：

When he comes here, please tell me. When he will come here hasn’t been decided yet. If he has any questions，he will come to ask me. Tell me if you will go to school tomorrow. (2)时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句常常可以转换成省略形式或简单句句子成分。

①when，while，as，if，though，as if等引导时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句时，若从句和主句的主语一致或主句的主语是it且含有be动词时，可以将从句中的主语连同后面的be动词一起省略。如：

As（he is）a child，he began to learn English. If（he was）alive，he must be at least ninety years old. Although（she was）told to stop，she kept on working. The boy looked as if（he were）afraid of nothing. If（it is）possible，I will come to see you. ②since，before，after引导的状语从句有时可以变成介词短语或分词短语。如：

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They had not met any more since leaving（=since they left）school. Having finished（After he had finished）middle school，she entered Beijing University. ③原因状语从句如果主从句主语一致，也可以将从句省略为分词短语，介词短语或独立结构。如：

Being（=As he is）the oldest，Bill looks after his little sisters. Because of smoking（=Because he smokes）too much，Linda doesn’t look healthy. ④so that，in order that引导的目的状语从句，若主从句主语一致，可以用动词不定式短语so as to或in order to代替。如：

I left early so as to（=so that I could）catch the first bus. ⑤so that，so…that引导的结果或程度状语从句如果主从句主语一致，可以用“enough + 不定式”或“too…to”结构代替。如：

Tom studied hard enough to pass（=Tom studied hard so that he passed）the examination. She was too tired to（so tired that she couldn't）go any farther. ⑥if引导的条件状语从句，常可省去从句中的主语和系动词，转换为介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或独立结构。如：

If（it is）possible，I will help you. With her help（=If I had help from her），I could do the experiment. ⑦as，than引导的比较状语从句中，与主句相同的部分可以省略。如：

He is a head taller than I（am tall）. 2、when，while，as（均表示“当……的时候”）引导时间状语从句的异同：

when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时性动词，从句的动作可以和主句动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生；while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，强调主从句谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生或存在的；as引导时间状语从句时，主从句的谓语动作同时发生，也可以用来说明两种正在发展和变化的情况，从句的谓语动

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词一般应具有延续性(可译为一边……，一边……，或随着……)。如：

When I came here，I found him lying on the ground. While/When I was reading，I saw a bird. As I was getting on the bus，someone called me. 注意：

(1)when引导的从句是系表结构且主从句主语一致时，可以用as引导的省略句来代替。如：As（=When he was）a young man，he went to France for French. (2)when/while引导的时间状语从句，如果主从句主语一致时，可以用“when/while + 现在分词”结构表示时间状语。如：While（=While he was）taking a walk in the street，he saw an accident. (3)when有时连接两个并列分句，起并列连词的作用，意为and then或at that time，表示某一动作正在进行或即将发生而突然出现的情况。如：Lin Tao and Lily were walking around the school corner when the traffic accident happened. (4)while也可以引导并列句，译为“然而……”。如：

He is reading, while his sister is watching TV. 3、before，after引导的时间状语从句的用法：

before，after引导时间状语从句，表示“在......以前/以后”,注意before从句中谓语不用否定式。常用before的句型是：It be（not）+ 时间 + before + 从句。如：

Before they reached the station, the train had gone. It will be years before we meet again. 再过多年我们才会见面。 It will not be long before we meet again. 过不了多久我们还会再见面的. 4、as soon as，no sooner…than…，hardly/barely/scarcely…when…，immediately，directly，instantly，once（均表示“一……就……”）引导时间状语从句的异同：

⑴as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作相继发生。如：As soon as she heard the news，she came to tell us about it. ⑵no sooner…than…，hardly/barely/scarcely…when…结构中，主句一

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般要用过去完成时态，从句用一般过去时态；如果no sooner或hardly/barely/scarcely放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

如：He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away.=No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. She had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.=Hardly had she sat down when the telephone rang. ⑶immediately，directly，instantly等表示时间概念的词引导时间状语从句时，表示主从句动作相继发生，相当于as soon as. 如：I went to see him immediately I heard from him. ⑷once引导时间状语从句时，与as soon as一样，表示主从句动作相继发生，但as soon as更强调时间衔接的紧密，而once则含有条件的意味，意为“一旦”。如：Once you begin，you must go on. 5、until/till引导的时间状语从句的用法：

until引导的时间状语从句可以用语句首或句中，而till引导的时间状语从句只用于句中而不可用于句首。同时，till/until引导的时间状语从句用于肯定句时，表示主句谓语动作一直延续到till/until所表示的时间才终止，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“直到...…为止”；用于否定句时，表示主句谓语动作直到till/until所表示的时间才发生，主句谓语动词必须是瞬时性动词，表示“直到.....才”。如：They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. Ｉdidn't leave until he came back. 注意：not...until结构如果在强调句型中成为了被强调部分时，必须将not和until连在一起并前移。同时，如果将not until置于句首时，主句需要用倒装语序。如：It was not until he came back that I knew it.=Not until he came back did I know it. 6、since引导的时间状语从句的用法：

在since引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是延续性的也可以是瞬时性的，但意义有所不同。在“It is/has been + 时间段 + since 从句”结构中, 如果since从句的谓语动词为瞬时性动词表示“自从......以来已经多长时间了”，为延续性动词时，表示“自从不......以来已经多长时间了”。同时，在“It is/has been + 时间段 + since 从句”结构中，since 从句常常用一般过去时

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态。如：It is three years since he lived here.（他不住在这里已经有3年了。） It is three years since he joined the League.（自从他入团以来已经有3年了。）

7、each time等表示时间的名词词组引导的时间状语从句的用法：

这些引导时间状语从句的名词词组主要有三类：①“形容词 + time”表示“当......时”。常见的有each time，every time，any time，last time，next time，the first time，all the time，the whole time等。如：They shake hands with each other each time they meet. ②“the + 瞬时性名词”表示“一......就......”。常见的有the moment，the instant，the minute，the second等。如：She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake. ③“the + 段时间名词”表示“在......的那一......”。常见的有the day，the night，the year等。如：He came back the day I was born.

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