Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction优质课教学设计

桃源县第八中学2018年英语必修3导学案

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Sports events

Grammar and usage Modal verbs (情态动词)

（Book P28-31）

年级：高一

编写人：王大敏

审核：高一英语备课组

日期2018-6-6

1.To master the usage of the modal verbs: may,

might, can, could, will, would, shall, should, must,

Learning aims（学习目标）: can’t. 2.To practice some exercises of the modal verbs: may, might, can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, can’t.

Learning important & 1.

Comparisons of the usage of the modal verbs. difficulties points（学习重难点）: 2.

How to do the exercises of the modal verbs. Notes Learning procedures（学习过程）

（笔记）

温馨提示Step 1 Definition (定义) 1：

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。

本节学案

请大家好好保存，Step 2 Revision (复习) 不要弄丢写出情态动词的过去式、否定式或缩略形式。

了。

(方法指导：根据初中所学过的知识独立完成，写完后可借助字典校对

答案)

情态动词

否定形式

缩略形式

can can not

couldn’t

may may not

might not

must must not

ought to

shall shall not

should not

will will not

would not

need need not

dare dare not

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。

桃源县第八中学2018年英语必修3导学案

Step 3 General introduction (简介)

(课本P28) 1.

情态动词可用来表示：

①

能力

(ability)

例：He can run the 100 metres in 11 seconds. ②

职责

(obligation)

情态动词ought to/should 、have to 和

must均可表示职责，从ought to/ should→have to→must的语气由弱到强。

例：You must work hard to win the gold medal. ③

确定

(certainty) might 表示非常不肯定，从may→could→should→ought to→will语气逐渐增强。

例：She might win a medal in the Olympics. ④

许可

(permission) 在非正式场合或英语口语中，常用can或could表示许可，could更有礼貌。而在正式场合或书面语中，则常用may或might表示许可，might 更正式。

例：A：Can I watch the Olympics?

B：Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 2.

情态动词还可用来表示：

①

提出要求

(make requests)

在从非正式场合至正式场合的过渡中，依次使用will→can→could→would.

例：Can you help me with my training? ②

给出建议

(make suggestions)

例：Shall we do some exercise this morning?

③

提供帮助(make offers) 例：I’ll wash your sports jacket.

Shall I get a ticket for you? ④

提出忠告(give advice) 例：You should not /ought not to eat a lot before swimming. (在否定句中，not置于ought和to之间。) 3.

用于情态动词后的其它动词必须是不带to的不定式。

例：She could win the gold medal. 4. 情态动词后的动词如果是进行式，表示正在进行中的动作；情态动词后的动词如果是完成式，则表示过去可能做过的动作。

例：The boys may be playing football on the playground.

He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot.

结论：情态动词可表示能力、责任、义务、允许、请求、建议、劝告、胆量、邀请、禁止等含义。但本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和不带to 的不定式（即动词原形）搭配构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。有些情态动词有过去式，有些没有。

温馨提示2：

请同学们务必预习左边关于情态动词的简介，并在课本P28的相应位置做好记录。

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。

桃源县第八中学2018年英语必修3导学案

温馨提示1. can / be able to

①

can和be able to都可用来表示能力，但be able to 更为正式，而3：

can更常用。(can一般指一个人的能力；be able to指经过努力后而达到情态动词的一定程度。) 的比较和

例1：My brother

/

play table tennis very well. 运用是本

练2：My brother

dive under water for 10 minutes. 节学案的

②

can可用来表示将来可能发生的动作或表示某事有时候是真的。

重点和难

例1：Let’s get some exercise. We

go running in the park. 点，不过

例2：It

be as hot as 38℃

in my home town in summer. 只要你独

③

be able to可用于不同的时态，还可用于不定式或其它的情态动词学专心，之后。(而can不能，且只有过去式。) 你一定能

例1：I’m sorry I

to play tennis with you recently. 做好的！

(完成时)

例2：It’s nice to

attend the lecture. (不定式to后)

例3：Wang Gong might

win the chess game.

(情态动词might之后) 2. shall / will ①

shall用于第二、三人称，常表命令、警告、允诺、威胁。

will常常表示决心或决定。

例1：Don’t worry. You shall have the tickets for the games. (shall在句中表

)

例2：Liu Mei will go and buy the tickets for the games. (will在句中表

)

练3：You

go to the front at once．(命令)

练4：Don’t worry．You

get the answer this afternoon．(允诺)

练5：He

be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告)

练6：I

never give up even if I fail a thousand times. (决心)

练7：Mike

spare no effort to study. (决心) ②

shall用于第一、三人称，可表提供帮助或给出建议。

will用于第二、三人称，可表询问意愿。

例1：Shall we take you to the new stadium this weekend?

(shall在句中表

) 例2：A group of students are waiting to see you outside. Shall they come in?

(shall在句中表

) 例3：Will you go watching the game with me this afternoon? (will在句中表

)

例4：Will he pay for me?

(will在句中表

) 练5：If you

listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English．

(意愿) 练6：

I clean the blackboard for you? (提供帮助)

3. mustn’t / needn’t

mustn’t 意为“禁止、不许”，语气强烈。

Step 4 Comparisons (比较) Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。

桃源县第八中学2018年英语必修3导学案

needn’t 意为“不需要、没必要”，语气缓和。

例：①

You mustn’t miss this football match. It’s very important.

(mustn’t在句中意思为

) ②

You mustn’t enter the stadium without a ticket.

(mustn’t在句中意思为

)

③

You needn’t watch the game if you don’t want to.

(needn’t在句中意思为

) ④

You needn’t practice basketball five times a week.

(needn’t在句中意思为

)

练：⑤

You

miss the speech to be delivered tomorrow. It’s of great importance.

(选词：mustn’t / needn’t)

⑥

You

do that if you don’t want to. (意思：不必)

注意：—Must we clean the classroom?

(以must开头的疑问句)

—Yes, you

. (肯定回答) / No, you

. (否定回答)

4. must / have to

①

must 意为“必须”，表主观看法；

have to意为“不得不”，侧重于客观需要。

练1：We

be strict with ourselves in everything．

练2：In cities with many cars, some people

wear masks．

②

must只有现在时(must)；

have to有现在时(have/has to)、过去时(had to)和将来时(will have to) 练3：We

work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination．(must)

练4：Two years ago, the poor girl

leave school for lack of money．

(have to)

③

must意为“一定”，表肯定推测；还可意为“偏要”。

练5：Tom

be at home, because the light is on.

(一定)

练6：John, look at the time. _____

you play the piano at such a late hour?

(偏要)

5. need / dare

①

作情态动词时，need意为“必要”，dare意为“敢”，后接动词原形(即不能接to)；常用于疑问句和否定句。(提示：在疑问句中直接将need/dare提到主语的前面；在否定句中，其否定式为needn’t / dare not) 例1：—Need I help you?

—Yes, please. 例2：You needn’t

him now. (选词：telephone / to telephone)

例3：How dare you talk to the teacher like that?

例4：The girl dare not

alone at night.(选词：go out / to go out) ②

作实义动词时，后常跟有to；可用于各种句式和时态。(提示：

need to或dare to的现在式为need/needs to或dare/dares to；否定式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need to或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t dare to.) 练5：We need to tell him the news. You don’t need

him the news. (选词：tell / to tell) 练6：I didn’t dare

you the truth. (选词：tell / to tell) Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。

桃源县第八中学2018年英语必修3导学案

练7：Would you dare

the snake with your hand?

(选词：catch / to catch) 练8：The boy dares

anything he likes. (选词：do / to do)

③

need还可作vt.(及物动词)，意为“需要”，后接n.、pron.、v-ing、to be done作宾语。

例1：We need more time to finish the work. (need在句中意为

)

例2：My computer needs

. (repair的v-ing形式)

My computer needs

. (repair的to be done形式)

6. 情态动词+have done ：

could / might have done：本来能够/可以做某事而未做

can’t /couldn’t have done：“不可能已经…”，表示对过去的否定推测。

must have done：“一定已经…”，表示对过去的肯定推测。

needn’t have done：本来不必做某事而实际上做了

should have done：本来应该做某事而未做

oughtn’t to / shouldn’t have done：本来不该做某事而做了

翻译：①You needn’t have mentioned it.

②You might have been more diligent.

③She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

④You oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have told him about it.

Step 5 Practice 挑战高考题：

1. The biggest problem for most plants, which _____ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (湖南2007) A. shan’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t D. mustn’t

[点拨] 句意：对绝大数受到威胁时而不能起身逃跑的植物来说, 最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。根据句意, 此处表示能力。

2. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be boring, and pilots often _____ work at inconvenient hours.

(湖南2006) A. can; have to

B. may; can

C. have to; may

D. ought to; must [点拨] 句意：飞行员工作的某些方面可能是枯燥的, 而且他们经常得在不方便的时候工作。第一空表示情况或事情在理论上或一般的可能性。第二空表示客观上的必须。

3. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _____ I have put it?

(福建2007) A. can

B. must

C. should

D. would

[点拨] 句意：我的MP4不在包里, 我会把它放在哪儿呢？此空表示猜测。

can have done 表可能；must have done表示关于过去的肯定的猜测；should have done表示本应该做却没有做；would have done用于虚拟语气。

4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations；

you _____ take Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。

桃源县第八中学2018年英语必修3导学案

care of your luggage. (北京2007) A. can

B. may

C. must D. will [点拨] 句意：在像飞机场和火车站这样拥挤的地方, 你必须照看好你的行李。根据句意，

此处译为“必须”。

5. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents? —You ______

do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (重庆2007) A. don’t have to

B. oughtn’t to

C. mustn’t

D. can’t

[点拨] don’t have to相当于needn’t, 意为“不需要”。

能力再现：

6. — _

I water the trees on Tuesday?

— No, you needn’t.

A. Can

B. Must

C. May

D. Shall

7. I _____

such a mistake again.

A. shall never make

B. may never make

C. can never do

D. need 8.

—

_____

I turn on the radio?

—

You’d better not. It’s noisy enough in this room.

A. Shall

B. Must

C. Need

D. Do 9. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.

A. it must rain

B. it must have rained

C. it must be rained

D. it must have been rained 10. If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would

B. could

C. had to

D. ought to 11. —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.

—She_____

. I’ve already borrowed one.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

12. —What does the sign over there read? —“No person _____

smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”

A. will

B. may

C. shall

D. must 13. They _____

that far; but they stopped to have a snack on the way.

A. might be gone B. needed go C. could have gone D. ought to have gone

14. I was really anxious about you. You ___

home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t leave

Step 6 Test (课本P29&P31) Step 7

Learning reflection 意见或建议：

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。