Grammar and usage(1): Direct speech and reported speech教案教学设计导入整理

Teaching plan

Direct speech and indirect speechⅡ

Ⅰ. Teaching aims

⒈

Get students to master the usages of Commands and Requests and review direct speech and indirect speech. Command: ⑴

Do that now!

⑵

Open the door. Request: ⑴

Would you please… ?

⑵

Please…

⒉

Get students to practice Commands and Requests by role-playing. ⒊

Get students to summarize the grammatical rules and encourage students to apply the rules into practice. Ⅱ. Key points of this period ⒈

Train students’ speaking skills. ⒉

Master the grammatical rules. Ⅲ. Difficult points of this period ⒈

Get every student involved in the learning activities. ⒉

Get every student to be active in class. Ⅳ. Teaching methods ⒈

Situational Approach and Communicational Approach. ⒉

Elicitation-Inquiry. Ⅴ. Teaching aids Blackboard, chalk, pictures, etc. Ⅵ. Teaching procedures Step 1 Lead in

⒈

Review Direct speech

(直接引语) : 一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内；

Indirect speech (间接引语) : 用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号；

⑴

陈述句: ①

人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

②

时态的变化：

a. 如果主句的谓语是现在时或是将来时，间接引语时态不变。

b. 如果主句的谓语是一般过去时，间接引语的谓语的时态按下列规律变化：

He said he…

Direct speech Indirect speech

plays football

is playing football has played football played football had played football will play football 变化

指示代词

直接引语

this these now today tonight tomorrow 时间状语

yesterday last night played football was playing football had played football had played football had played football would play football 间接引语

that those then that day that night the next / following day the day before the night before two days before three days before the next / following week before there take go

③

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：

the day before yesterday three days ago next week

ago 地点状语

方向性动词

here bring come 从句时态无须变化的情况：

a.

当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时；

b.

当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象；

c.

当直接引语是谚语、格言等；

Practice:

“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday,” she said. She said (that) her mother had taken her to an exhibition the day before. ⑵

疑问句：

①

一般疑问句：

用连词whether 或if 引导，谓语动词said 改为asked，宾语从句用陈述句语序；

Practice: “Is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?” he asked. He asked whether / if my son was going to Shanghai that day or the next day.

②

特殊疑问句：

宾语从句中用原来的特殊疑问词并且从句要用陈述句语序。

Practice:

“What

did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother?” the

teacher asked.

The teacher asked what Edison had done to help the doctor operate on his mother.

Step2 Show game ⒈

Get two of the students to come to the front to play a show game. ⒉

Instruction: Student A make commands and Student B does what he / she is told. ⒊

Example: ⑴

Point to your left eye. ⑵

Open the door. ⒋

Get students to report what Students A and B did. ⑴

Student A told Student B to point to his / her left eye. ⑵

Student A told Student B to open the door.

Step3 Command and Request ⒈

In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something. Please look at the three sentences and tell the difference. Open the window.

Please open the window. Would you please open the window? →→Command: If someone in authority commands you to do something, they tell you that you must do it.

(not polite) Request: If you make a request, you politely or formally ask someone to do something.

(very polite)

⒉

Look at these expressions and classify them into Commands and Requests.

Commands: Correct your spelling mistakes.

Go and …!

Do that now!

Hold that elevator!

Say that again!

Go and buy some more petrol!

Take the dog for a walk!

Requests:

Please…

Can I sit here and wait for the doctor? How do you spell that please?

Would you please …?

Can I please…?

Would you please speak more slowly?

Could you repeat the sentence?

⒊

Grammar points:

⑴

E.g. “Look at this example,” the teacher said to us.

The teacher told us to look at that example.

→→当祈使句表示要求或是命令时，变间接引语时常采用tell / order / command sb. to do sth. 的形式。若祈使句为否定形式，变间接引语时不定式前加not 或never. Practice: He said to me, “Don’t go out.”

→He ordered me not to go out. ⑵

E.g. “Please don’t come late.” he said.

He asked me not to came late.

→→当祈使句表示请求时，变间接引语常采用request / beg / ask sb. to do sth.

的形式。祈使句中的please必须省去。

Practice: “Come here and sit down, please.” he said. →He asked me to go there and sit down.

⑶

E.g. He said, “Let’s go to the museum.”

He suggested that we (should) go to the museum.

→→有些表示建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变间接引语时，可用suggest, insist, offer 等动词加以转述，此时要注意这些词的固定搭配。

Practice: “Let’s play basketball.” she said.

→She suggested that we (should) play basketball. ⑷

E.g. “Can you possibly give me a lift?” he said.

He asked me to give him a lift.

→→有些疑问句并非提出询问，而是表示请求和乞求，这种疑问句变间接引语时常采用ask / beg / request sb. to do sth.

结构。

Practice: “Would you (please) help me with my work?” he said.

→He requested me to help him with his work.

Step 4 Practice

⒈

Read these sentences and decide which is a command and which is a request. Then retell them in indirect speech. ⑴

The children said to their teacher: “Would you please sing a song for us?”

(R) →

The children asked their teacher to sing a song for them.

⑵

The mother said to her child: “Turn off the radio!”

(C) →

The mother told her child to turn off the radio.

⑶

John said to his classmate: “Can I borrow your pen please?”

(R) →

John asked his classmate if he could borrow his pen. ⑷

The teacher said to his students: “Come up to my office!”

(C) →

The teacher told his students to come up to his office.

Ⅶ. Summary In this lesson, we learnt command and request in direct and indirect speech. We should not only know the meaning of command and request, but also learn to use it. In addition, we reviewed the grammar points in Unit 1, you should do more exercises after class. Ⅷ. Homework 巩固讲义

Ⅸ. Blackboard design

Direct and Indirect Speech Ⅰ.Review

Ⅱ.Grammar

Ⅲ. Practice 1.

陈述句

Command:

Ⅳ.Homework 2.

疑问句

Request:

Ⅹ. Reflection