归纳与整理课程导入

有机物间的转化关系

C2H5COONaCH2CH21H3CCH34n5HCCH2262CH3CH2Cl107118CH3CH2OH91213141516CH3CHOCH3COOHCH3COOC2H5OO24CaC225CHCH*COONa2817262729HOCH2CH2OH18ClCH2CH2Cl1921OHCCHO20HOOCCOOH***22O23OnCCOCH2CH2OOO30Br313836OH37BrOH3233O

OHBrBr3534**Br39CH343ClCH2Cl40CH2OH41CHO42COOHCH344HOCH34546CH3COOCH3

*

CH≡CH→(加成)：

3 CH≡CH **

→CH3(取代)：

+CH3ClCOOH→COOHCH3+HCl *** CCOCH2CH2OOOn(缩聚)：

COOH+HOCH2CH2OHCOOH2n H2O+CCOCH2CH2OOOn

1.C2H5COONa→CH3CH3(脱羧)：C2H5COONa+NaOH 2.CH3CH3→CH3CH2Cl(取代)：

CH3CH3+Cl24.CH2=CH2→CH3CH3(加成)：CH2=CH2+H25.CH2=CH2→CH2CH2nCH3CH3↑+Na2CO3 CH3CH2Cl+HCl CH3CH3

CH2CH2n(加聚)：n CH2=CH2

6.CH2=CH2→CH3CH2Cl(加成)：CH2=CH2+HCl7. CH3CH2Cl→CH2=CH2(消去)：CH3CH2Cl8. CH2=CH2→CH3CH2OH(加成)：CH2=CH2+H2O9. CH3CH2OH→CH2=CH2(消去)：CH3CH2OH 10. CH3CH2Cl→CH3CH2OH(取代)：CH3CH2Cl+NaOH 11. CH3CH2OH→CH3CH2Cl(取代): CH3CH2OH+HCl12. CH3CH2OH→CH3CHO(氧化)：2CH3CH2OH+O2

CH3CH2OH+CuO 13. CH3CHO→CH3CH2OH(加成、还原)：CH3CHO+H214. CH3CHO→CH3COOH(氧化): 2CH3CHO+O2CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)]++2OH-

CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH3CH2Cl

CH2=CH2+HCl CH3CH2OH

CH2=CH2↑+H2O

CH3CH2OH +NaCl CH3CH2Cl+H2O

2CH3CHO+2H2O Cu+CH3CHO+H2O CH3CH2OH 2CH3COOH

CH3COO-+NH4++3NH3+H2O CH3COOH+Cu2O+2H2O CH3CHO+Br2+H2O→CH3COOH+2HBr 15.CH3COOH→CH3COOC2H5(酯化)：CH3COOH+HOC2H516. CH3COOC2H5→CH3COOH(水解)：H2O+CH3COOC2H5

NaOH+CH3COOC2H5

CH3COONa+HOC2H5

H2O+CH3COOC2H5

CH3COOH+HOC2H5

17.CH2=CH2→ClCH2CH2Cl(加成)：CH2=CH2+Cl2→ClCH2CH2Cl 18. ClCH2CH2Cl→HOCH2CH2OH(水解)：ClCH2CH2Cl+2NaOH19. HOCH2CH2OH→OHCCHO(氧化)：HOCH2CH2OH+O220. OHCCHO→HOCH2CH2OH(还原)：OHCCHO+2H221. OHCCHO→HOOCCOOH(氧化)：OHCCHO+4Cu(OH)22NaCl+HOCH2CH2OH 2H2O+OHCCHO HOCH2CH2OH HOOCCOOH+2Cu2O+4H2O

COOHO22. →COOHOOOCOOHHOCH2(酯化)：+COOHHOCH2O2H2O+OO

OO23. OOOCOOHO(水解)：→COOHOO+2H2OOCOOHHOCH2+

COOHHOCH224.CH≡CH→CH2=CH2(加成)：CH≡CH+H2CH2=CH2

25.CaC2→CH≡CH(水解): CaC2+2H2O→Ca(OH)2+CH≡CH↑

26. CH≡CH→ClCH2CH2Cl(加成): CH≡CH+2HCl27. ClCH2CH2Cl→CH≡CH(水解)：ClCH2CH2ClCOONaCOONaClCH2CH2Cl CH≡CH+2HCl 28. →(脱羧)：+NaOHNa2CO3+

29. →(加成)：+3H2

30. →Br(取代)：+Br2Br+HBr 31.Br→OH(水解)：Br+NaOH→OH+NaBr 32.OH→O(氧化)：2OH+O22O+2H2O 33.O→OH(还原)：O+H2OH

34.→Br(取代)：+Br2Br+HBr 35.Br→Br(加成)：Br+3H2Br

36.Br→OH(水解)：Br+H2OOHOH+HBr OH37. OH→BrBrBr(取代)：OH+3Br2→BrBrBr↓+3HBr

38. OH→OH(加成)：OH+3H2OH

39. CH3→CH2Cl(取代)：CH3+Cl2CH2Cl+HCl 40. CH2Cl→CH2OH(水解)：CH2Cl+NaOH→CH2OH+NaCl 41. CH2OH→CHO(氧化): 2CH2OH+O22CHO+2H2O 42. CHO→COOH(氧化)：

CHO+2Cu(OH)2COOH+Cu2O+2H2O 43. CH3→ClCH3(取代):

CH3+Cl2ClCH3+HCl 44. ClCH3→HOCH3(水解)：

ClCH3+H2OHOCH3+HCl 45. HOCH3→CH3COOCH3(酯化): CH3COOH+HOCH3H2O+CH3COOCH3

46. CH3COOCH3→HOCH3(水解)：

CH3COOCH3+H2OCH3COOH+HOCH3