Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending课堂实录【3】

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Chapter 3 Subject-Predicate Consistency 2 Teaching & Practicing Audio resources, blackboard, multimedia devices, slides Students will be able to Knowledge aims: To know the right form of Subject-Predicate Consistency To form a concept of sentence structure Capability aims: to use Subject-Predicate Consistency correctly. Affective aims: Students will improve their English writing skills by using Subject-Predicate Consistency.

教学

重点

To use Subject-Predicate Consistency correctly.

二次备课

教学

目标

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难点

The usage of Subject-Predicate Consistency and numeral.

教学

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Heuristic teaching method，Communicative teaching method

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exercises

一次备课

Step 1 The rules of Subject-Predicate Consistency: 1．语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

Australia is an extremely rich country．澳大利亚是个非常富裕的国家。

What are advertisements made？广告是怎样制作的？

注意：anything，everyone，everybody，nobody，anyone，anybody，

someone，somebody等复合不定代词作语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：

二次备课

教学过程(含师生活动) If anybody calls，tell him I'll be back later．如果有人找，告诉他我一会儿就回来。

当主语后面跟有as well as，like，but，except等引导的词语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。如：

I as well as you am a football fan．不仅你是个足球迷，我也是个足球迷。

Nobody but Tom and Jane was there．除了汤姆和珍妮，没有人在那里。

2．意义一致原则。即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。如：

the Chinese are industrious．中国人是勤劳的。

the USA is a developed country．美国是个发

达国家。

另外，像works（工厂），politics（政治），physics（物理）等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，但表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词要用单数形式。相反，people，police等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：

This works was built in 2000．这家工厂建立于2000年。

Maths is my favourite subject．数学是我最喜欢的学科。

3．邻近原则。谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的数。另外，neither．．．nor，either．．．or，not only．．．but also连接两个名词或代词作主语时，或由there，here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的那个主语保持数上一致。如：

there is a dictionary and some books on the

desk．桌子上有一本词典和一些书。

Either her father or her mother calls for her

every afternoon．不是她父亲就是她母亲每天下午来接她。

Step 2除了上述三个原则外，还有一些特殊的情况需要注意：

1．表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度、数学运算等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作是一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。如：

Three weeks is a short time．三个星期是很短的时间。

Ten pounds is not so heavy．十磅并不太重。

9999 is a large number．9999是个很大的数字。

2．动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

To see is to believe．眼见为实。

It is not easy to master a foreign language．要掌握一门外语是不容易的。

Whether we go or not depends on the weather．我们去还是不去要看天气情况而定。

It is impossible that one can master a new language in such a short period of time．一个人要在这么短的时间内掌握一种新语言是不可能的。

Time is money．〔谚语〕时间就是金钱（一寸光阴一寸金）。

3．由and连接两个单词作主语时，要看其表示的意义来决定谓语动词用单数还是用复数形式。如果表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

Danish bacon and egg makes a good meal．丹麦咸肉炖蛋成了一顿美餐。（咸肉炖蛋看作一道菜肴。）

the writer and the teacher are coming．作家和老师走来了。（作家和老师是两个人。）

the poet and teacher is one of my friends．那位诗人兼教师是我的一位朋友。（诗人和教师指的是同一个人。）

4．集合名词people（人、人民），police一般看作复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。另外一些

集合名词，如family，enemy，class，

population，army等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当它们表示的是整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调或着重指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

Are there any police around？附近有警察吗？

there were few people present．出席的人寥寥无几。

His family isn't large．他家的人不多。

5．名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该动词后面名词的数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

His is a new bike．他的是一辆新自行车。

Ours are old bikes．我们的是些旧自行车。

6．many a意为“许多”，但因后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。如：

Many a person has had that kind of experience．许多人都有过这种经历。

Step 3 例题讲解

① Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (10湖南)

A. is B. are C. has

D. have 解析：考查主谓一致和语态。V-ing做主语，句子谓语动词用单数。再根据主语与caused的主动关系，选C。

②

…, he will say some words that is nice and warm.

are

(10重庆/短文改错81小题)

解析：考查主谓一致。定语从句谓语动词单复数由先行词（words）决定，需用复数。

考点归纳：本组例题体现了高考主谓一致题的第一种题型，属于“主语是什么，谓语用什么形式”的类别。

应对策略：记忆并运用以下具体规则：

规则1：①主语是（wh-词+）to do，doing和主语从句；②主语是some, any, no, every构成的不定代词；③主语是表示单位数量的时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词；④主语是复数形式的学科名词physics, politics或国家名the United States等，或书名、名人名言等——句子谓语动词用单数形式。

规则2：①主语是成双成套的名词shoes, trousers,

stockings, glasses等；②主语是集体名词people, cattle, police (人们、牛、警察)；③主语是“the+形容词”表一类人或物，或“the+姓氏复数”表一家人——句子谓语动词用复数形式。

规则3：主语是集合名词family, team, class, crowd, government, enemy, audience等时：①强调整体（译为家庭、班级、政府等整体单位），句子谓语动词用单数形式；②强调个体（译为家人们、同学们、队员们等个体成员），句子谓语动词用复数形式。

规则4：①主语是and连接的两个并列部分（标志通常是有两个冠词a/an/the），句子谓语动词用复数形式；②若and连接的两个部分指同一人、物、事件或概念时（标志通常是只有一个冠词a/an/the），句子谓语动词用单数形式。

规则5：定语从句谓语动词单复数由其主语决定：主语为单，从句谓语动词形式为单，主语为复，从句谓语动词形式为复。

高考实例2：

① Such poets as Shakespeare ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand.

(10四川)

A. are; are

B. is; is

C. are; is

D. is; are 解析：考查主谓一致。“as Shakespeare”只是一

个介宾短语作修饰语，对真正的主语poets和谓语动词不产生影响，谓语动词用复数。其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，从句谓语动词单复数由其主语决定，谓语动词也应是复数，故选A。

②

Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress. (10全国Ⅱ)

A. wear

B. wears

C. has worn

D. have worn 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。定语从句谓语动词单复数由其主语决定：who指代the only one of the women，谓语动词用单数。再根据句意，时态应为一般现在时，故选B。

③

—Why does the lake smell terrible?

—Because large quantities of water ______.

(09福建)

A. have polluted

B. is being polluted C. has been polluted

D. have been polluted 解析：考查主谓一致和时态语态。主语是large quantities of water，谓语动词由quantities决定，用复数。再根据句意，时态用现在完成时，且动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态，故选D。

④

—Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.

(08陕西)

A. were

B. have been

C. has been

D. was 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。被Every修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。再根据句意，“邀请”的动作过去发生、过去结束，故选D。

考点归纳：本组例题体现了高考主谓一致题的第二种题型，属于“主语被什么修饰或限定，谓语动词用什么形式”的类别。

应对策略：记忆并运用以下具体规则：

规则6：“as/like/as well as/with/together with/along with/except/but/other than/besides/rather than/including+名词”只是一个介宾短语作修饰语，对真正的主语和谓语动词形式无影响。

规则7：①

“one of+名词” 做主语，表“……其中之一”，其中的“of+名词”也只是一个of的介宾短语作修饰语，对真正的主语one和谓语动词形式也不产生影响。

②“the only one of +复数名词”为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是the only one，谓语动词用单数；“one of+复数名词”为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

规则8：every, each, many a/an, more than one等修饰主语时，句子谓语动词形式用单数。但each用作同位语时，对谓语动词形式不产生影响。

规则9：“none/neither/all (+of+名词/代词)”作主语，谓语动词可单可复，要看句意偏向。

规则10：①“many/a great many/few/a few/dozens of/scores of+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

②

“much/little/a little/ a good deal of/a bit of +不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

③

“half/most/all/part/some/lots/plenty/the rest/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词单复数由of后的名词决定；

④

“the number of+可数名词复数”作主语，中心词是the number，故谓语动词用单数；“a number of+可数名词复数”作主语，中心词是可数名词复数，故谓语动词用复数。

⑤

“amount of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词形式由amount决定，用单数；“amounts of+不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词形式由amounts决定，用复数。

⑥

“a large quantity of +名词”作主语，谓语动词形式可以由quantity决定，只用单数；也可由of后所跟名词决定，单复均可。“large quantities of+名词”作主语，谓语动词形式由quantities决定，只用复数。

⑦

“a pair of/2 pairs of +名词”这样的短语作主语时，谓语动词形式由pair或pairs决定。

高考实例3：

Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (09湖南)

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. be 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。either…or…连接

的并列主语，谓语动词形式就近一致；one of…表单数，故选B。

考点归纳：本组例题体现了高考主谓一致题的第三种题型，属于“主语由什么连接，谓语用什么”的类别。

应对策略：记忆并运用以下具体规则：

规则11：①

or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, there be…等连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数由最靠近它的主语决定。

②在倒装句中，谓语动词单复数由其后面的主语决定。

Step 4 练习

1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is

B. are/are

C. is/are

D. are 2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____. A. is/years

B. are/year old

C. is/years old

D. are/years of age 3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground. A. play

B. are playing

C. plays

D. is playing 4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand. A. are

B. has

C. have

D. is 5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive. A. are

B. is

C. were

D. be 6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is

B. are

C. was

D. has 7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now. A. are speaking

B. is speaking

C. were making a speech

D. have a speech 8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor.

A. wants to buy the book/his

B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/one's

D. wants to have the book bought/her 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room. A. are

B. is stayed

C. is

D. are left 10. Having arrived at the station, _____. A. it was found that the train had left

B. the train had left C. the train was found left

D. he found that the train had left

授课班级

51407-51412

授课时间

2lessons 教后记