Grammar教学实录与评析

Period 2

Grammar—Non-defining relative clauses ■Goals ●To learn about non-defining clauses and contraction of relative clauses ■Procedures Step 1: Understanding relative clause Non-defining relative clauses When a relative clause merely describes an object without having the function of defining or identifying to which object the speaker or writer is referring, the clause must be placed between commas. Such a clause can be called a non-defining or non-limiting relative clause, i.e., a non-defining relative clause gives extra information about a noun or noun phrase and has commas at both ends.(非限定性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词做附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。非限定性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。)

The door, which was bright red, was very conspicuous. My sister, who lives in Beijing, is coming to stay with me next week. (‘who

lives in Beijing’ is not essential, which means that I only have one sister and she does not need to be defined by the relative clause) ‘Who’ and ‘whose’ are used for people. ‘Which’

and ‘whose’ are used for things. ‘That’ cannot be used in a non-defining relative clause. Step 2: Understanding the differences between defining and non-defining relative clause 1.

My sister, who is studying German, wants to travel to Switzerland. 2.

The girl (who, whom, that) you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer. 3.

Mr. Henry, whom we will meet tomorrow, will be our guide. 4.

His uncle, to whom we send a birthday card every year, is ninety-one years old. 5.

Is that the student to whom you lent your dictionary? 6.

Wang Hong has a cat which follows her everywhere.

7.

The package that arrived last night is on the table.

8.

The TV set in the corner, which is covered in books, is mine.

9.

He lives in Boston, which is only half an hours ride from here. 10.

My cousin, whose family lives in Europe, will visit us for a few weeks. 11.

He is the very worker whose picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday. 12.

The tree, the branches of which overhung the street, was covered with blossoms. 高考链接

1. New York, ____ last year, is a nice old city. (2003北京)

A. that I visited

B. which I visited

C. where I visited

D. in which I visited 2. ---It’s thirty years since we last met. (2006四川)

---But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. none 3. I have many friends,

some are businessmen.(2005 山西)

A．of them

B．from which

C．who of

D．of whom 4. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (2005浙江) A. which

B.

hat

C. this

D. it 5. The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is

the heaviest. (2005江苏) A. which; where

B. at which; which

C. at which; where

D. which; in which 答案：1-5 BBDAC Step 3: Practicing non-defining relative clauses

1. There is a hotel doctor on call, _____ A. who will provide emergency medical treatment. B. where you can sweat out the dirt from the city. C. where you can get your hair done.

D. where you can keep fit.

2. There is a team of highly qualified secretaries available, _____

A. where you can unwind over a few drinks.

B. where you can sweat out the dirt from the city.

C.

where you can keep fit.

D. who will help you with your paperwork.

3. There is 24 hour room service, _____

A.

who provides a manicure(修指甲) service in your room.

B. which will take you to and from the airport.

C.

which provides an excellent selection of snacks and drinks.

D.

where you can send and receive faxes.

4. There is a typical English pub, _____ A.

where you can get seats for all the hit shows. B. who provides a manicure service in your room.

C. which will take you to and from the airport.

D. where you can enjoy a pint of bitter.

5. There is a gymnasium in the basement, _____ A.

where you can unwind over a few drinks.

B. where you can sweat out the dirt from the city.

C.

where you can keep fit.

D. where you can buy goods at duty free prices.

6. There is a qualified chiropodist(手足病医生) available, _____ A.

where you can get seats for all the hit shows.

B. who provides a manicure service in your room.

C. where you can relax over a gourmet meal.

D. which will clean your clothes overnight.

7. We have a ticket reservation(预定) service, _____ A.

where you can get seats for all the hit shows.

B. where you can relax over a gourmet meal. C. which will clean your clothes overnight.

D. where you can send and receive faxes.

8. There is a top class hairdressing salon on the ground floor, _____ A.

where you can sweat out the dirt from the city.

B. where you can get your hair done.

C.

which stays open until 4.00 a.m.

D. where you can buy goods at duty free prices.

9. There is a typical English fish and chip restaurant, _____ A.

where you can have cod(鳕) and chips.

B. which will take you to and from the airport

C.

which provides an excellent selection of snacks and drinks.

D.

where you can enjoy a pint of bitter.

10. If you have a problem, contact the senior receptionist, _____ A.

where you can have cod and chips.

B. who will deal with it as a top priority.

C.

which will take you to and from the airport

D. where you can enjoy a pint of bitter.

11. There is a fax machine at the front desk, _____ A.

where you can unwind over a few drinks.

B.

who will look after your small children whilst you go shopping.

C.

where you can relax over a gourmet meal.

D.

where you can send and receive faxes.

12. There is a dry-cleaning service available, _____ A.

where you can unwind over a few drinks. B. where you can relax over a gourmet meal.

C.

which will clean your clothes overnight.

D. who will help you with your paperwork.

13. Be sure to speak to our tourist guide, _____ A.

who will deal with it as a top priority.

B. who will tell you about interesting places to visit.

C. which provides an excellent selection of snacks and drinks.

D. where you can enjoy a pint of bitter.

14. There is a sauna(桑拿浴) in the hotel, _____ A.

where you can unwind over a few drinks.

B. where you can sweat out the dirt from the city.

C.

which stays open until 4.00 a.m.

D. where you can buy goods at duty free prices.

15. There is a night club in the hotel, _____ A.

where you can unwind over a few drinks.

B. who will deal with it as a top priority.

C.

which stays open until 4.00 a.m.

D. where you can buy goods at duty free prices.

16. There is a five-star restaurant, _____ A.

where you can unwind over a few drinks.

B. where you can relax over a gourmet meal.

C.

where you can keep fit.

D. who will help you with your paperwork.

17. There is a trained nursery nurse available, _____ A.

where you can unwind over a few drinks.

B.

who will look after your small children whilst you go shopping.

C.

where you can get your hair done.

D. who will help you with your paperwork.

18. There is a shuttle bus service, _____ A.

where you can get seats for all the hit shows.

B. which will take you to and from the airport.

C.

which will clean your clothes overnight.

D. where you can send and receive faxes.

19. For a late drink, come to our night-club, _____ A.

where you can have cod and chips.

B. who will deal with it as a top priority.

C.

which stays open until 4.00 a.m.

D. where you can enjoy a pint of bitter.

20. For that perfect gift, come to our gift shop, _____ A.

where you can have cod and chips.

B. who will tell you about interesting places to visit.

C.

which stays open until 4.00 a.m.

D. where you can buy goods at duty free prices.

Keys: 1-5 ADCDC

6-10 BABAB

11-15 DCBBA

16-20 BBBCD Step 4: Absorb information concerning National College Entrance Examination 高考链接

定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。它的难度主要是通过改变句子的正常语序或借助于其它语法项目来体现的，为了提高同学们的应变能力，

现对定语从句的一些常见考点归纳和总结如下：

一、疑问句中考查定语从句

1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?

A. where

B. the one

C. on which

D. /

【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。

二、倒装句中考查定语从句

2. We came to a place, ________ stood a big tower.

A. which

B. that

C. /

D. where

【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。

三、

拆分词组和固定搭配

3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

A. of which

B. where

C. to do

D. that

4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?

A. which

B. on which

C. when

D. where

【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of, play a part (in)。

四、添加插入语或状语

5. The scientist has made another discovery, _______ I believe is of great importance.

A. that

B. /

C. which

D. why

【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

五、插入非谓语动词

6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________ the radio for me?

A. who; repaired

B. that; repaired

C. whom; repairing

D. that; repair

【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.