4a—4d教学实录及点评

Drills and Guide to Techniques of Reading Comprehension ---Guessing the meaning 阅读训练与解题技巧之猜测词义

一、

构词法（Word Formation）

1.

派生法（Derivation）

在一个词的词根(root)前或后加上某个词缀(affix)来产生新词。

前缀(prefix)：_____________________________________________ 后缀(suffix)：_____________________________________________

常见前缀及派生词：

un-

happy-----unhappy

lucky----unlucky

__________________

dis-

like-----dislike

agree----disagree

__________________

re-

view-----review

gain----regain

__________________

mis-

understand----misunderstand

__________________

trust -----mistrust

常见后缀及派生词：

-er/or

____________________________________________________ -ness

____________________________________________________ -tion

___________________________________________________ -al

___________________________________________________

2.

复合法（Compounding）

把两个或两个以上独立的词结合在一起构成新词的方法叫做复合法或合成法(Compounding),用复合法构成的词叫做复合词(Compound). 复合词：

blackboard

_______________________________ greenhouse

________________________________ bookshelf

_______________________________ overweight

________________________________ snowstorm

_______________________________

3.

转化法（Conversion）

转化法是指单词的词形不改变，只通过词性的改变来使新单词具有新的意义和作用，而这种单词叫转化词。

Exercise:

(1)

The road

narrows

gradually

(2) To get there, they had to journey

over a desert.

(3) She clocked 23.5 seconds in the women‘s 200-meter finals. (4) These products show a new high in China‘s science and technology. (5) The dog nosed

out a rabbit.

二、

语境法（Content Clues）

1.

定义法

定义：通过定义，定语从句/词组、同位语/词组来确定词义。

Key words:

______________________________________ _______________________________________________

Exercise；

(1)

His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. (2)

The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

2.

对比法

定义：通过对比前后文来确定词义。

Key words:

______________________________________ _______________________________________________

Exercise: (1 )Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

(2)

John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.

3.

因果法

定义：根据上下文或整句的理解，运用其因果关系，猜出改生词的意义。

Key words:

______________________________________ _______________________________________________

Exercise: (1)The river is so turbid

that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. (2)She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.

练练手：

1.

Time is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going

by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who’s in

charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.

The underlined word “ally” in Para.3 most likely means somebody or something that is

____________. (

)

A.

Your slave and serves you

B.

Your supporter and helps you

C.

Under your control and obey you D.

Under your influence and follow you

2. Thousands of products have been prohibited because government officials judged them to be dangerous.

(

)

A. offered

B. supported C. provided

D. forbidden

3.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.

(

)

A. deciding in advance

B. believing to control events C.

without any money

4.

Don’t listen to his nonsense.

(

) A.having no meaning

B. meaningless words C. humorous speech

D. having no differences

5.

“You could win prizes，’’our teacher told US as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing，“The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. ”

We studied the board critically. Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten—dollar grand prize，each and every one of US. I'm going to spend mine on candies，one hopeful would announce，while another practiced looking serious，wise and rich.

The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means________ . (

)

A. formed an idea for

B. made an outline for

C. made some space for

D. chose some colors for