Reading and vocabulary教学评价实录

Module 4 A Social Survey--- My Neighbourhood 课标导航：

七级词汇：neighborhood, local, suburb, hometown, attractive, fortunate, pretty, sound, tourist, bother, rent, district, approach, harbor, park, traffic, committee, organization, unemployed, employment, exchange, afford, survive 八级词汇：architecture, starve, occupation, gallery 知识网络：

词汇：attractive, fortunate, pretty, sound, bother, approach, employment, exchange, afford, survive 短语：put up, go up, get away from, a number of, afford to do, on the committee, in employment, so far, up to now, enjoy doing sth. 重点句型：It’s/ has been years since sb. did sth.

This/It’s the first/ second time that sb. has/have done sth.

There are times when …

语法：现在完成时

交际用语：Sounds OK to me.

Congratulations!

Am I all right in thinking that …?

It’s fascinating!

We make it! 名师导学：

Reading and Vocabulary 1. It has been six years since we last saw each other, you know. 我们已经6年没见面了。

由since, ever since引导的副词从句

该组副词从句表示主句动作的开始时间，从句中谓语动词通常用一般过去时态，而主句中谓语动词通常用现在完成时态。

I haven't seen John since he returned from Paris.自从约翰从巴黎回来后我就再没见过他。

It has been raining ever since I came home. 自从我回家后一直在下雨。

当主句是表示一段时间时也可以用一般现在时替代现在完成时。

例如：It is five years since he joined the army.= It has been five years since he joined the army.

他参军5年了。

2. This is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.这是我第一次来拜访你的家乡。

It is／

was ／will be the + 序数词

+ time that 从句。

该句型意为“这是／那是／这将是某人第某某次做某事了”。主句谓语动词用is时，从句用现在完成时；主句的谓语动词用was时，从句用过去完成时；主句的谓语动词用will be时，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来。如：

1）She understood what I was talking about, even though it was the first time we had spoken together.

尽管这是我们第一次在一起谈话，但是她明白我们在谈些什么。

注意：句型中

it 可以用this 或

that，time 可以用成

week，year，month 等表示时间的名词。如：

This is the first month that/ year I have been here.

这是我在这儿的地一个月/第一个年头。

3. This is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to.这是我去过的的最迷人的地方之一。

attractive: adj. 有吸引力的，有着吸引能力的

引申：attract v. 吸引

The fire attracted significant coverage from the media. 大火引起传播媒介的重视

We were attracted by the display of lights.我们被灯展吸引

4.It’s so lively and everyone seems so friendly.如此的生气勃勃，人们如此友好。

lively（生气勃勃的）, friendly 均为形容词。英语当中有一些以ly结尾的形容词,如：lovely, friendly, lively, brotherly(亲兄弟般的)等。

lively adj. 活泼的，有精神的；（讨论等）热烈的；（色彩等）鲜明的；（描述等）生动的，逼

真的

He is a very lively boy. 他是一个很活泼的小男孩。

The question set off a lively discussion. 那个问题引发了一场热烈的讨论。

She likes lively colors. 她喜欢鲜明的色彩。

The boy gave a lively description of what happened just now. 那个小男孩对刚才发生的一切做了生动的描述。

辨析: alive; live; lively; lovely

alive意为“活着的(有时含有虽有死的可能，但仍然还活着的意思); 有活力的，活泼的”。通常用在系动词之后作表语，有时也用作定语，但要放在所修饰的名词之后，而不能放在其前。

He has been missing for a long time. No one knows whether he is dead or alive.

他已经失踪很久了。没有人知道他是生是死。

I am the happiest man alive.

我是世上最幸福的人。

My grandfather is still very much alive, more alive than many young people. 我的祖父还很有活力，比很多年轻人更活跃。

live用作形容词时，意为“活着的（多修饰动植物）；（节目等）现场直播的”，用作副词时，意为“现场直播地”。

Many people are against doing experiments on live animals. 很多人反对用活着的动物做实验。

There will be a live broadcast of the football match tonight. Don’t miss it.今晚将会有这场足球赛的现场直播。不要错过哦。

The President’s speech was broadcast live to the country. 总统的演讲向全国观众现场直播。

living表示“活着的”，修饰人，物皆可。

He is considered as the greatest living artist. 他被认为是当代最伟大的艺术家。

living things生物（通指所有有生命的物体）

5．I feel very fortunate living here.我觉得住在这很幸运。

fortunate: adj. 幸运的

He's fortunate having a good job, since business is bad nowadays. 他有一份好工作真幸运,因为近来生意不好做。

I was fortunate to catch today's last bus to the county at the last minute. "我在最后一分钟赶上了今天最后一班去县城的长途车,真是幸运。

引申：fortune n. 1)运气

He decided to go home for the holidays, and his fortune turned for the worse. 他决定回家度假，没想到他的运气变坏了

She had the good fortune to be free from illness.她运气好，没得病。

2)财产，财富

常用搭配make a fortune赚钱，发财

He made a fortune by selling houses.他靠卖房子发了财。

fortunately: adv. luckily

幸运地

Fortunately this has not happened."幸运的是,这一情况并未发生。" 6.What’s the climate like?=How is the climate? 气侯怎么样？

句型What’s sth. like?= How is sth.? “…怎么样？”

7.Pretty hot and wet in the summer. 夏天很热也很潮湿。

Pretty: adv. 相当；颇

You’ve done pretty well.你做的相当好

It was a pretty serious accident.这是一次相当严重的事故。

此外，pretty: 还可以用做形容词表示“漂亮的；迷人的；可爱的”a pretty girl漂亮的女孩

What a pretty dress your sister is wearing today! 你妹妹今天穿的衣服多漂亮!引申：

fairly -quite-rather/pretty-very 同做副词的区别：

弱fairly -quite-rather/pretty-very强

共同点：都可修饰形容词原级

不同点:

rather 1)还用于比较级之前

2)用于too/like之前（相当。。。）

quite (1）表示“完全”,常与perfect, impossible, dead等不分等级的词连用

(2）quite a(some)+n.指某人或某物不同寻常

(3）quite a few; quite a lot (of):很多

(4）

quite some time相当长的时间

fairly一般修饰表积极意义的词汇

. The book is rather too difficult for me. 这本书对于我来说太难了。

The weather was rather worse than I expected. 天气比我想象的糟糕的多。

It’s quite impossible for them to come.

他们不可能来。

The two are pretty

much the same.

这两个基本是一样的。

8.There are a lot of tourists around.附近有很多游客。

round: adv.在附近

Why is there never a policeman around when you need one? 怎么当你需要警察帮助时，附近从没有警察？

Jake went down to the bar, but there was no-one around that he knew. Jake到了酒吧，却没有一个认识的人。

9.Don’t they bother you? 难道他们没打扰你吗？

bother: v. 1)打扰；烦扰

Will it bother you if I turn the television on? 我开电视会不会吵着你? I'm sorry to bother you, but can you direct me to the railway station? 劳驾,你能不能告诉我到火车站怎么走? 2)（常与about, with, to连用）麻烦

bother sb. (for sth.) (为某事)麻烦某人

bother to do/doing 麻烦去做某事

bother about/with sth.为某事而麻烦/费心

Don't bother about answering his letter.你不必回复他的信。

n.麻烦；焦虑

We had a lot of bother finding our way.我们经过很多麻烦才找到这里。

引申：bothersome: adj.引起麻烦的, 令人烦恼的

10. They can be a nuisance in the summer. 在夏天，他们是很令人讨厌的。

nuisance: n. 讨厌的人；讨厌的事

What a nuisance! I've forgotten my ticket.真讨厌，我忘记带票了。

Setting off firecrackers is seen not merely as a nuisance, but also as a big threat to man's life and property.燃放鞭炮不仅仅被看作讨厌的事,而且还被认为是对人的生命财产的严重威胁。

11.They have put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.最近他们建起很多高楼。

put up:1)建立；建造They're planning to put a hotel up where the museum used to be.

2)举起；抬起；张开（伞）to put up a tent架起帐篷

Why don't you put up your umbrella? 为什么不打开伞呢？

Put up your hands if you have any question. 有问题请举手。

3) to put up a notice张贴布告

4)

高价格

I see they've put up the price of fuel again.他们又一次提高燃料价格。

12.Now we are leaving the business district and approaching the harbour. 现在我们正离开商业区前往港口。

approach: v. 走近；靠近

We approached the museum.我们走近博物馆。

The time is approaching when we must be on board.我们上船的时间快到了。

The total cost is approaching 5 million.总成本接近500万

n. 1)走近；

靠近

The approach of winter brings cold weather.冬天快到了,天气要转冷了。

2)途径；通路

All approaches were blocked.所有道路都堵塞了。

3) 方法；步骤

The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline. 学校决定采用另一种方式解决纪律问题。

She took the wrong approach in her dealings with them. 她用错误的手段和他们打交道。

13. That sounds great!太好了！

sound 在此句中是连系动词，后加形容词构成系表结构，类似的连系动词还有：appear(显得), be(是), become(变得), seem(似乎), fall (变得), feel(摸起来), sound(听起来)，

taste(尝起来), smell(闻起来), get(变得), stay(保持), turn(变得)等。

如：

She appear very tired.她显得很疲劳。

The sky turned to pink at dawn.天空在黎明时分变成了粉红色。

"How can you stay so cool, and calm after such a hot argument?" "这样一场激烈的争论过后,你怎么还能保持如此心平气和,镇静自若?"

14．A friend’s told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. 一个朋友曾经告诉过我这附近有一个很好的小鱼馆。

该句中的’s是has的缩写。还要注意英语中几个形容词共同修饰一个名词时的顺序。

多个形容词并列一般按照如下顺序：

冠词+限定词+描绘性adj+大小，长短

高低--形状-年龄，新旧--颜色--国籍，地区，出处—物质材料—用途，类别+n. 限定，描绘，大，长，高

形状，年龄和新老，

颜色，国籍，出材料，

作用，类别别挨着

如：another three English books另外三本英语书

all these last few days最近的这些日子

some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花

a high red brick wall一堵高高的红砖墙

a beautiful white Japanese military car一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车

15.I’m starving!我饿了！

Starve: v.（使）挨饿

Lots of people starved to death during the long drought.长期的干旱，许多人饿死了。

It’s obvious that he has been starved.很明显，他饱受饥饿之苦。

starve 常用搭配：starve to death 饿死；starve for sth 渴望得到某物；be starved of 非常需要，没有

如：The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start. 发动机没有油了，启动不了。

In recent years the Department has been starved of financial resources. 在近来几年部里非常需要金融方面的资源。

starving: adj.

非常饥饿:

The cats were neglected and starving.这只猫没人照顾正在挨饿。

Isn't lunch ready yet? I'm starving. 饭还没好吗？我太饿了。

引申：starvation

un.

挨饿；饿死

Twenty million people face starvation unless a vast emergency aid programme is launched.除非启动一个大的紧急援助项目，否则2千万人将面临饥饿。

The animals had died of starvation.动物们饿死了。

Listening and vocabulary: 16. occupation: n.1)工作；职业

What is his occupation?他的职业是什么？

2)占领；占有He is in occupation of a large house. 他拥有一个大房子。

引申：Occupy: v. To fill up (time or space):占用：占用（时间或空间）：

a lecture that occupied three hours.长达三个小时的讲座

17．Number of adults in employment.有工作的成年人人数。

employment: n. 被雇用

be in employment: to have a job有工作

He left his home to look for employment.他离家去找工作。

引申：employ: vt.

雇用How many people does your company employ?你公司有多少人？

employer

n. 雇主

employee n. 雇员unemployed adj.

失业的unemployment n.

失业

He was unemployed for two months after leaving college.他离开大学后已有两个月没有工作了。

18．Would you like to be on the committee when you are older ? 当你年老时，你愿意成为委员会的一员吗？

介词on的用法表示“是。。。

的成员”

如：How many people are on your staff? 你们有多少工作人员？

She's a researcher on a women's magazine。她是这个妇女杂志的研究员。

Writing：

19.I have always enjoyed living in them.我很喜欢住在城市里。

enjoy doing sth.英语中有一些动词只能接ing作宾语，如：avoid(避免), admit（承认）, appreciate（欣赏，感激）, excuse（原谅）, imagine（想象）, finish（完成）, deny（否认）, keep（一直做）, mind（介意）, miss（错过）, prevent（阻止）, suggest（建议）, stand（忍受）

例句：I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我，朝我跑过来。

I really appreciate your helping me.我真的很感激你的帮助

20. People can meet and exchange ideas.人们聚在一起交换意见观点。

Exchange: v. （常与for, with连用）交换，互换

exchange sth. (with sb.) (与某人) 交换某物

exchange sth. for sth. 用某物交换某物

John exchanged gifts with Mary.约翰与玛丽交换礼物。

May I exchange seats with you?我和你调一个座位好吗? The deputy manager exchanged the company's interest for his personal honour. 这个副经理为了个人荣誉而出卖了公司的利益。

The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.两国之间的技术合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。

n. 交换，互换

He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake.他给我一个苹果，换一块蛋糕。

Let's have an exchange of views on the matter.我们对这件事交换一下意见吧。

21. There are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise. 有时我需要到乡下，远离噪音，尘埃。

get away（from）离开，离去，摆脱

I’m afraid I can’t get away from the meeting. 恐怕我无法从会议中脱身。

I caught a really big fish that day, but it got away. 我那天钓到了一条真正的大鱼，不过让它逃脱了。

拓展：get away with带某人/某物逃跑；（做了坏事却）逍遥法外

Get away from 离开

I'll get away from work as soon as I can.

我会尽快摆脱工作

Everyday English: 22. A good many修饰可数名词。

类似可以修饰可数名词的词组a large number of, 等。

修饰不可数名词的词组有：a great deal of, a large amount of等。既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的有：plenty of, lots of, a large quantity of,等

A smaller number of families may raise children.少数家庭可以抚养孩子。

He has a great deal of experience.他有丰富的经验。

He has earned large amounts of money他赚了大量的钱。

He ate a small quantity of rice.他吃了少量的米饭。

23. Congratulations! 祝贺，恭喜！

“对…表示祝贺”通常接介词on. 如：Congratulations on your success! 引申：Congratulate: v. congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事

I congratulated my friend on her birthday.我向朋友祝贺生日。

Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.我祝贺你喜获千金。

celebrate与congratulate的辨析

celebrate表达“庆祝、祝贺”之意，限于用事，如节日、胜利、结婚纪念、生日等。是指以仪

式、典礼等活动庆祝令人欢乐的事或日子。

congratulate指对人进行祝贺，常构成短语congratulate sb. on sth.表达“为某事而祝贺某人”。

Cultural corner: 24. There are a number of reasons for this.（导致）这种现像的原因有很多。

a number of 很多，大量的（修饰可数名词）

A number of workers were waiting to see the boss at the gate of the factory.很多工人在工厂门口等着见老板。

辨析：a number of/the number of

a number of 意为“很多，大量的”用于修饰可数名词，在number 前可用great, large, small, good等修饰；

the number of 刚则指“……的数量”，其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

The number of the boys in our class is 30. 我们班男生的数目是30。

25.The price of homes goes up.房价上涨。

go up:1)涨价；上涨Prices have gone up again.物价又上涨了。

2)兴建，建造New buildings are going up everywhere.到处都盖起新的大楼。

26.People from the area can’t afford to buy a house there. 从这个地区来的人在那买不起房子。

afford: vt. ，

“担负得起(……的费用、时间)”，常与can, could, be able to连用，表示“有足够的(时间、金钱等)条件(做某事)”。

afford +n./pron, . afford to do sth. Now many people can’t afford the medical treatment in the country. 现在在农村许多人看不起病。

I can’t afford the time for it. 这时间我花不起。

We can’t afford to buy this new house. 我们买不起这新房子。

I can't afford an hour for lunch.抽不出一小时吃午饭

27.All these things mean that many villages in western Europe are fighting to survive.所有的事实表明，在西欧很多村民在努力生存。

Survive: vt. vi. 经历（灾难等）后还活着；在……中幸存，生还下来；比……长寿

Only one passenger survived the terrible car crash.在那次可怕的撞车事故中只有一个乘客生还。

Few buildings survived (after) the earthquake. 地震过后，所剩房屋寥寥无几。

The man survived in the desert for a week on biscuits and water.那个人依靠饼干和水在沙漠里生存了一个星期。

The lady survived her son.那位老妇人活过了她的儿子。

Few survived after the flood.洪水过后，生还者极少。

The man was very ill, but he survived.这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了

引申：Survival: n. 幸存；生存；死里逃生

The man's survival was surprising, as the doctors thought he would die.

这个人能活下来真是出人意外，因为医生们认为他必死无疑。

We need food and water for survival.我们为了生存需要食物和水。

Task: 28.Contact your neighbourhood committee.联系你的小区委员会。

Contact: vt. 联络；

contact sb. 联系（某人）

She contacted me as soon as she arrived.她一到就和我联系了。

n. 联系；关联

常用搭配：come into contact with 接触

be in/ out of contact with sb.保持联系/失去联系

She comes into contact with many people.她和许多人有联系。

29.现在完成时

现在完成时由have/has+过去分词组成，规则动词的过去分词与过去式同形，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。与现在完成时连用的时间状语主要有两类，一类是表示不确切的时间状语，如just，

ever，

never，

yet，

already，

before等；另一类是表示包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days，

since…，for a long time，

this year，

so far，

up till now 等。

该时态的主要用法如下：

a. 用来表示从过去到现在这段时间里已完成且对现在有影响的动作，例如：

-John has been to Beijing.（说明他现在已经返回）

去过北京

John has gone to Beijing.（说明他现在不在此地）去北京了

I have seen the film many times.（说明对电影内容很熟悉）这个电影我看过很多次了

b. 表示从过去延续到现在的动作或状态，例如：

How many pages have you covered today? 你看了多少页了？

It has rained a great deal since you left. 自从你走后，总是下雨。

She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了。

c. This/It is the first /second time…结构中

This is the first time I have eaten Pizza.

这是我第一次吃比萨饼。

This is the first time they have seen a panda. 这是他们第一次看见熊猫。

It is the first time John has played golf. 这是他第一次玩高尔夫球。

d. 另外，关于现在完成时还有以下几个值得注意的问题：

1）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

在单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时；若谈一件已经发生的事情，不考虑它是什么时候发生的，而主要考虑对现在的影响，则多用现在完成时。

Did you get up very early? (强调动作本身) 你起的早吗？

Has he got up? （强调现在的情况）他现在起来了吗？

What did you have for lunch? （只是想知道所吃事物而已）你午餐吃的什么？

Have you had lunch? （所关注的问题是现在肚子饿不饿）你吃午餐了吗？

My sister studied English for two years.（只说明过去学过英语，可能现在已经忘了。）

我姐姐曾经学过两年英语。

My sister has studied English for two years.（说明现在懂英语）我姐姐已经学两年英语了

2）

瞬间动词不能用带有表示一段时间的状语的现在完成时，例如下面几句均正确：

Her granny has died.她祖母死了。

Her granny died a year ago.她祖母一年前死了。

Her granny has been dead for a year.她祖母已经死一年了。

但不能说：Her granny has died for a year. 3）

It is + 一段时间

+ since + 一般过去时或现在完成时"结构举例如下：

It is three years since I (last) saw Bill. It is three years since I worked there. 我不在那里工作已经3年了。

名师导学

1.This

girl is Linda’s cousin .

A．pretty little Spanish B．Spanish little pretty C．Spanish pretty little D little pretty Spanish

A．

本题考察的要点是多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序。按照“限定，描绘，大，长，高

形状，年龄和新老，

颜色，国籍，出材料，”的原则看，答案应该是A。

2 That night I felt especially lazy and went to bed ____ earlier than usual. A. quite

B. rather

C. fairly

D. so B．

本题考察的是副词用法。这四个副词的共同点是都可以修饰形容词副词原级，但是只有rather能修饰比较级，因此该题答案是B。

3．What he said __________ . A. is sounded pleasant

B. sounds friendly

C. was sounded nicely

D. sounded wonderfully B．

该题考察的是连系动词加形容词构成系表结构的用法，sound没有被动语态，所以可以排除A和C，又因为是wonderfully副词而friendly是形容词。

4.----You’ve made great progress in your studies of English, haven’t you?

---- Yes, but much ______.

A. remains to do

B. is remained to do

C. remains to be done

D. is remained to be done C．

本题重在考察remain的用法，首先应该明确remain是不及物动词没有被动语态，而后通常接不定式，又因为much和do是被动关系所以要用不定式的被动式，因此答案为C. 5. ______ is known to us all is _____China has launched Shenzhou VI spaceship successfully. A. That ; that

B. What

; that

C. It ; that

D. As;

that B．

本题考察的是名词性从句。首先，该句中包含一个主语从句，该主语从句中缺少主语，因此用what;其次，又有一个表语从句，表语从句中不缺成分，所以选that，因此，该题答案为B 6.---If you like the new house, I suggest you buying it. ---But it’s really too expensive. I can’t______ it.

A. get B. afford C. supply D. support B．

该题考察四个常用动词。B afford与can，be able to连用，表示“负担得起……的费用、买得起……”，与题意相符；get则表示“得到”；supply表示“提供”；support表示“养活”。

7. There is no doubt that the price of oil will ____ again in the coming months. A put up

B. go up

C. bring up

D.raise B．

该题考察的是四个同义词组，都可以表示“提高价格”，但put up, bring up, raise必须是人做主语即:sb./company/government put up/ bring up/ raise the price, 因此该题答案为B 8.It took her many years to

from the fact that her son died. A. get over

B. get away

C. get out of

D. get along B．

本题考察get词组,get over痊愈

get along 相处融洽

get away from=get out of 因此答案是B 9.In the 2004 Shanghai Industrial Fair,

electronic equipment, good in both quality and style, will be shown. A. a large number of

B. a good many

C. masses of

D. supply of C．

equipment是不可数名词，而a large number of, a good many只能修饰可数名词，supply of虽然能修饰可数和不可数名词但意思不对，是”供应”的意思，因此答案为C ,masses of =a mass of

接可数或不可数名词，表示“一团，一块”“大量”

10．Scientists say it may be five or ten years

it is possible to test this medicine on human patience. A. since

B. before

C. after

D. when B．

本题考察连词用法。when 和after的意思不对,since 时态不对，从句应该用过去时，而before的典型用法“…才”，因此答案为B.