Using LanguageⅡ名师课堂实录

名词性从句专题复习

材料分析：

名词性从句从2006年陕西自主命题以来每年都作为一道传统单项选择考试题，同时在我们阅读，完型，改错中都会出现，学生写作也常要使用，对名词性从句的掌握程度直接影响这学生的高考得分问题，所以名词性从句是我们高三语法复习的重点内容之一。

学情分析：

高三一，六班的学生英语基础较弱，特别是句子的结构划分和掌握运用差，而名词性从句的学习恰恰体现在这一点上。但经过高一，高二对名词性从句的学习后，在他们大脑中有一定的概念，二轮复习需要帮助他们进行梳理和归纳，是他们对高考的出题动向做到心中有数。

学习目标：

知识目标：复习名词性从句的分类，及连接词和相关的固定句型。

能力目标：培养学生分析英语阅读中长难句的结构和理解能力。

情感目标：激发学生阅读兴趣，培养他们的自信心。

学习重点：

高考考点扫描

学习难点：

名词性从句连词的判断与选择和与其他从句区别

教法：任务型教学

归纳法

学法指导：

名词性从句一直很受高考命题者的关注，分析近五年来的名词性从句的考点，从出题者的角度，就是要考察名词性从句中的语序以及引导词之间的区别。有时候，会结合插入语或名词与同位语隔开，或使句子结构复杂化等使得难度增加。其实，总的难度和变化都不大。但是从考生的角度来说，如果考生对句子结构掌握不过硬，对某些词或词组的用法不了解，就会容易造成和定语从句、状语从句的混淆，造成根本环节的误判而用其他从句的规则去解题。造成丢分，为此，在复习备考中教师可以按照如下要求做好指导：

1. 扎实做好名词性从句基本用法的复习；

2．小心辨析，采用对比分析法，从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。

2．从结构入手，分析名词性从句和状语从句之间的关系及区别。

3．加强名词性从句引导词各自意义，用法，特点的辨析。

4．加强长、难句的分析和理解练习。

课时分配：4课时

教学步骤：1.复习相关概念

2。名词性从句分类

3.常见的连接词

4.八大常考点

5.练习

step 1 language pionts

名名词性从句的用法：

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连词：that（无任何词意）

whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）

as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）

以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. whichever, whomever

连接副词：when, where, how, why

不可省略的连词：

1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

比较：

whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。

但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：

1. whether引导主语从句并在句首；

2. 引导表语从句

3. whether从句作介词宾语；

4. 从句后有"or not"

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go.

It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 具体分类

1、主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句

（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句

（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

2、宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？

4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用

不同时态。例如：

he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）

he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）

I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）

he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：

We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

3、表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【点拨】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

4、

同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

三、对比与用法

1、同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；

that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

2、That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that…

有必要……

It is important that…

重要的是……

It is obvious that…

很明显……

b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that…

人们相信……

It is known to all that…

从所周知……

It has been decided that…

已决定……

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that…

……是常识

It is a surprise that…

令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that…

事实是……

d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

It appears that…

似乎……

It happens that…

碰巧……

It occurred to me that…

我突然想起……

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.

你非走不可真是件憾事。

3、否定转移

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。

I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。

注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。

It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

Step2

practice 1. I’m sorry I have no idea ___

a. what does this word mean b. what’s the meaning of this word

c. what this word means d. what meaning of this word 2. _____ is known that she is a famous doctor. a. That b. This c. It d. She 3. The reason for his absence was____ his mother was ill. a. because b. that c. why d. what 4. I haven’t seen you for ages. Can you tell me ___?

a. where have you b. where you have gone c. where have you been d. where you have been 5. ____ we will have a good harvest this year is still unknown.

a. If b. That c. Which d. Whether 6. _____ wasn’t’ quite clear.

a. Why did she do it b. Why she did it c. What did she do d. What she did it 7. ____ do you think is the top student in your class ? a. Whom b. Who c. Whose d. Which 8. ___ might do harm to other people . a. That you have done b. What you have done c. What have you done d. Which have you done 9. ____ gets home first starts cooking. a. Anyone b. Whoever c. Who d. Those 10. Is this ___ looking for ? a. what are you b. what you are c. that were you d. that you were 11. I’ll give this book to ____likes to have it . a. whomever b. whichever c. whatever d. whoever 12. His idea ____ we should finish the work ahead of time was accepted. a. that b. whether c. if d. which 13. This is all ____ our teacher explained to us in class. a. what b. that c. which d. of 14. I want to know ___ a. where are the experimental plots? b. where are the experimental plots? b. where the experimental plots are? d. where the experimental plots are . 15. The thing to do is ____ everyone is doing here . a. the thing what b. which the thing c. which d. what 16. It doesn’t matter____ today or tomorrow.

a. whether you come b. how you come c. when you come d. why you come 17. After graduation she asked to be sent to ____ a. where she was mostly needed b. where she was most needed

c. where was she needed d. where she needed 18. I don’t know if she ___ tomorrow ; if he ___, I’ll let you know .

a. comes , will come b. will come , will come c. will come , comes d. comes , comes 19.____ happens , don’t be afraid. a. What b. Anything c. Which d. Whatever 21. He didn’t pass the exam , ____ hard he had tried. a. how b. whatever c. however d. wherever 22. She did live far from ___ I am living . a. the place that b. the place which c. where d. the place 23. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning grey. a. while b. if c. that d. for 24. ____ he is a millionaire is known to all in the city . a. Since b. Because c. That d. / 25. ____ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known to all . a. Whenever b. That c. If d. Whether 26. the reason why I burst into tears is ___ I’m unwilling to part with my parents .

a. that b. because c. which d. / 27. The problem lies ____ I have no money . a. that b. in that c. in the fact d. in the fact that 28. I want to know ___ do to convince him . a. what can I b. how can I c. which I can d. what I can 29. ____ comes back first is supposed to win the prize. a. Whoever b. The one c. Those who d. Anyone 30. The old gentleman never fails to help ____ is in need of his help . a. who b. whoever c. whomever d. whom 31. I don’t remember ___ she said . a. when b. what c. where d. that 32. Robert came here to look for someone , but I didn’t know ___ was the one he was looking for . a. whomever b. who c. whoever d. whom

33. ____ puzzled the police was how he murderer had died. a. What b. The thing c. Which d. That 34. It seems ____ she is different from ____ she used to be . a. that , that b. that , what c. what , that d. what , what 35. You can depend on ____ promise he makes . a. anything b . which c. whose d. whatever 36. _____ is worth doing well . a. Whatever is worth doing at all b. That is worth doing at all c. What is worth doing it at all d. Whatever is worth doing it at all 37. A man’s worth lies not so much in ___ he has as in ___ he is .

a. that , that b. that , what c. what , that d. what , what 38. Give it to ___ you think can do the job well. a. whoever b. whomever c. who d. whom 39. Who ___ knows him would believe him ? a. that b. which c. those d. who 40. Keep away from such things ___ will do you harm . a. as b. that c. which d. what 41. No matter ___ hard it may be , I will carry it out . a. what b. how c. however d. whatever 42. This is ___ she means . a. that b. which c. what d. it 43. he asked me ___- I would ho . a. that b. which c. whom d. if 44. I know ___ he is an honest boy. a. what b. that c. which d. who 45. _____ she is late is evident. a. What b. That c. Whom d. If 46. I doubt ___ it will rain this evening . a. about b. whether c. what d. why 47. I have no doubt ___ she will be on time . a. whether b. if c. that d. how 48. ___ the earth is round is known to everybody . a. That b. This c. Why d. When

49. It makes no difference to me ____ he will come or not . a. why b. whether c. how d. when 50. I was excited at the news ____our team had won the game . a. of b. why c . as d. that 51. The subject of the sentence “What is interesting is that I do not even know him.” is _____

a. what b. interesting c. what is interesting d. I 52. ____? I think she is Ms Smith. a. Whom do you think she is b. Who do you think she is c. Do you think who she is d. Who you think she is 53. Do you remember where ___ my watch ? a. had I b. I had put c. did I put d. had I put 54. The problem ____ overworking all day long will harm his health. a. is b. is that c. is which d. that 55. The old man asked Henry ___New York next month. a. whether he will go to b. whether he is going to c. whether he would go to d. whether would he go to 55. Sam ___ he could improve his test scores , but he did not have enough time to study. a. knew how b. knew how that c. knew to d. knew how to 56.The whole family were worried about Rose because no one was aware ___ she had gone . a. where that b. of where c. the place where d. the place 57. I wonder how many years ago ____. a. did your father retire b. has your father retired c. your father has retired d. your father retired 58. Never be ashamed to ask about ___ a. that don’t you understand b. what don’t you understand

c. that you don’t understand c. what you don’t understand

59. This is a nice—looking car . I wonder___ a. it belongs to whom b. whom does it belong to c. whom it belongs to d. to whom does it belong 60. ___ or not you can succeed depends on __you can stick to the end . a. whether, how b. whether, whether c. if, whether d. if , if

step 3.Sum up(总结高考点) step4. Homework : Finish off the rest exercises Step 5.Blackborad design 1. 概念 2. 种类 3. 考点扫描 4. it作形式主语和形式宾语