Grammar名师教学设计2

The Third Period

Grammar Teaching goals

教学目标

1. Target language

目标语言

a. 重点词汇和短语

hardware, high-speed, computer system, search engine, software, keyboard, CD-ROM, mobile phone, website, web browser, hard disk, web traffic, note work b. 重点语法

Three types of compound words. The definite article and zero article. 2. Ability goals 能力目标

Enable the students to learn the formation of compound words and deduce the meanings of the words. Enable the students to use the definite article and zero article. 3. Learning ability goals

学能目标

Enable the students to learn how to use the articles properly. Teaching important points

教学重点

Compound nouns, the definite article and zero article.

Teaching difficult points

教学难点

How to use the definite article and zero article correctly. Teaching methods

教学方法

Introduction method and practicing.

Teaching aids

教具准备

A projector.

Teaching procedures & ways

教学过程与方式

Step Ⅰ

Revision The purpose of this part is to go over the word formation and lead in new grammar. Divide the students into two groups and have a word contest to see which group can make more derivatives by adding prefixes and suffixes.

T: Last class I asked you to make a list of compound words by adding prefixes or suffixes. Now I will divide you into two groups to have a word contest to see which

group can write more words. Are you clear? Ss: Yes. T: The left four lines is Group 1 and the rest lines, Group 2.

Sample answers:

GROUP 1

practical

national musical

restart reread

trainee actor

actress writer

helpless dreadful

explanation encouragement development production

GROUP 2

discover

useless disable

disappointing dismiss

trainer rewritten

reddish unexpected

successful rebuilt

illegal useless

remove introduction

friendship

sunny

friendly

T: Time is up. Let’s look how many words you have written. Group 1 has got 15 words while Group 2 has got 18 words. Group 2 has won the game. Let’s congratulate them. You have done a wonderful job. Please look at the screen, I will show you more words.

Show the following. 1. bookstore

outlook

daybreak

horthand

toothpaste

outpour 2. noise-killing

good-looking

sleeping-pills

warm-hearted

cold-blooded

easy-going 3. computer center

search engine

coffee cup

reading room

washing machine

swimming pool T: What characteristics do these words have? S: They are all formed by two words, but in different ways. They are quite different from the words we went over just now. S: There is no prefix or suffix. S: The two words are joined together in different ways, some have “-”

in between, some haven’t and some only put two words together. T: Yeah! You are quite right. Step Ⅱ

Grammar 1

The purpose of this part is to provide the students with different forms of compound words. Try to teach the students how to guess the meanings of the words by using word formation. At last, they need to finish some exercises. T: All these words belong to compound words. That is the main grammar we will learn today. They are the basic types of compound words. S: Sorry, can you explain what “compound” mean?

T: Compounding is also an important means by which you may deduce the meanings of unfamiliar words. When two words are joined together to make a new one, the word formed in this way is called a compound word. The forming process is described as compounding. Are you clear? Ss: Yes. T: If you happen to know the meaning of each word making up the compound words, you will be able to guess the meanings of the compound words. For example, sun-up and firefighter. Could you tell me the meanings of these two words?

Write the two words on the blackboard.

S: Sun-up means sunrise. S: Fire-fighter means person who fights fire. T: Well done. But do you know some compound words may have special meanings, quite different from the meaning simply added together. Can you guess the meaning of “greenhouse”?

S: No. T: OK. It means a building used for growing plants that need protection, not houses painted green. Now I will give you more information. Compound words are subdivided into compound nouns, com-pound adjectives, compound verbs and compound adverbs.

Show the following to the students. SCREEN 1 Compound nouns Compound nouns may be written together or with a hyphen in between or simply two separate words. (1)

Without a hyphen: cowboy (cow+boy), rainstorm (rain+storm), railroad (rail+road), slaughterhouse (slaughter+house), dryland (dry+land) (2) With a hyphen: cheek-bones, take-off, life-story (传记), water-level, get-together (联欢会) (3) Separate: dancing party, film star, price list，railroad station, news broadcast (新闻广播) SCREEN 2 Compound adjectives (1) Without a hyphen: overspeed (over+speed)，runaway (run+away ) (失去控制的)，widespread (wide+spread ) (广泛的)，heartfelt (heart+felt) (由衷的), outgoing (out + going ) (开朗的) (2) With a hyphen: good-looking, well-known, new-born, snow-white, Chinese-designed, do-it- yourself (3) Separate: computer controlled，world famous SCREEN 3

Compound verbs uphold (up+hold ) (拥护), whitewash (white+wash) (粉刷)，overhear (over+hear ) (无意中听到)，

air-condition (调节……的空气)，mass-produce (大量生产) Compound adverbs beforehand (before+hand) (事先)，southwest (south+west ), upside-down (颠倒地)，above-ground, warm-heartedly T: OK. We have known a lot about compound words. Now let’s do some exercises. Please turn to Page 53, Activity 1. One minute later, check the answers. T: Next, let’s come to Activity 2. Two minutes later, check the answers. T: OK. So much for the exercises. Next, I will show you some more words, please try to guess the meanings of these words. Show the following screen to the students. SCREEN 4 1.handball

handbook

daydreaming

businessman

shorthand

pickpocket

outbreak

outpour downfall

horseback

roommate

cookbook 2. coffee cup

tooth brush

computer study shopping list

mobile phone

First Aid Center student union

refuge camp

reading room tomato juice 3. go-between

grown-up

whereabout frequent flier

decision making

story teller waiting room

double-dealer Sample answers: 1. 手击球

手册

白日梦

商人

速写

扒手

爆发

排放

垮台

马背

舍友

烹饪手册

2. 咖啡杯

购物单

学生会

西红柿酱

3. 媒人

牙刷

电脑学习

移动电话

急救中心

避难所

阅览室

成年人

决策

行踪

讲故事的人

常坐飞机的人

候车室

两面派

Step Ⅲ

Grammar 2

The purpose of this part is to go over the usages of the articles. First, go over the usages of the Articles; second, explain the usages of the definite and zero articles; at last, do Activities 1-4 to consolidate the grammar. T: So much for the compound words. Next we will learn another grammar —

the definite article and zero article. Please turn to Page 55. Let’s look at Activity 1. Read through the words and tell me why we use “the”

before these words? One minute later, check their answers. S: Because they are all unique. T: Do you think this is necessary? Why? How can we know when to use the definite article and when to use the indefinite articles? S: Yes, it is necessary. But I am not sure about the usages of articles. T: What are articles?

S: Articles contain “a”, “an” and “the”, which come before nouns to modify or describe them. T: Very good. Do you know why we have to use articles in English? Do we use them in Chinese?

Ss: We are not sure. T: Articles do not exist in Chinese, or in a lot of other languages. Therefore, it is a bit difficult for Chinese to master the usages of the articles. Now I will explain the usages of articles to you. “The” is called the definite article because the noun it goes with refers to something specific. As in this sentence, “Put the book on the table in the

dining room.”

That means we put “not just any old book on any old table”, we’re talking about specific things —

the book, the table and the dining room. The definite article is also used to point out something that is unique —

like “the moon”

or “the earth.”

Indefinite articles don’t refer to a specific noun. I might use “a”

in this sentence, “Please give me a pen”. It means any pen. “A”

goes before a consonant while “an”

goes before a vowel. Now that you know the usages of the articles, could you give me some examples? S: So, we could go to “the grocery store” to buy “a bunch of carrots,” “a head of lettuce,” “a loaf of bread”and “a box of cereal.”

S: We might also buy “an apple,” “an apricot” and “an orange.”

T: Yes. You are quite right. Have you understood the usages of articles? Ss: Yes. T: If so, let’s come to Activity 2 on Page 55. First, you will be divided into several groups to discuss. And then write two or three examples in each category. Three minutes later, collect the answers. T: Why do we use zero article before these words? S: Generally speaking, we don’t use articles before mass nouns, abstract nouns and plural nouns. T: Very good. Now let’s come to Activities 3-4 on Pages 55-56. Two minutes later, check their answers. Step Ⅳ

Summary

T: OK. We still have a few minutes left. Now let’s go over what we have learnt today. In this class, we have learnt two important grammars. When we use them, we should pay attention to the following:

a. Three types of compound words.

Type 1. one word:

earthworm, sightseeing, shorthand, earthquake, software, hardware, toothbrush, Type 2. two words with “-”:

hiding-place, break-through, snow-white, fast-printing, high-speed Type 3. two words:

teaching building, mobile phone, woman doctor, computer study

b. We should use the definite article to talk about specific things, countries such the USA, the UK etc. c. We use zero article before material nouns, abstract nouns and plural nouns. Step Ⅴ

Homework

1. Exx. 1-3 on Page 97. 2. Prepare SPEAKING AND READING on Page 57 and Reading on Page 99. 3. Consolidate the grammar we’ve learnt today.