Learning about Language教学设计范文

定语从句 授课教师：

课题名称

定语从句1 教学目标

教学重点

教学难点

掌握定语从句的基本用法—关系代词或关系副词的选择；会判断先行词在从句中的成分

定语从句主从句的划分；先行词的成分；合并句子组成定语从句；定语从句的翻译

设计意图

通过翻译句子掌握句子结构

（一）三个概念

1.定语从句：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。

2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。

3.引导词：引导定语从句的词就叫做引导词。引导词用以连接先行词与定语从句，引导词既有替代先行词的作用，又在从句中充当着一个成分。

例：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old.

先行词

引导词

定语从句

Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group.

先行词

定语从句

引导词

（二）要点

1.先行词与定语从句之间要有引导词（有时可省略:做宾语且前面无介词）

2.关系代词应紧跟在先行词之后

3.引导词代替先行词

4.引导词在定语从句中充当某一成分

（三）划分定语从句的主句和从句

基本步骤：先确定引导词，（1）若引导词前为一个词，则先从引导词处断开，然后从后往前找到第一个（谓语）动词，在此动词前断开，则中间部分为从句，其余部分组合构成主句。

Eg1:The girl/ who (that) is drawing/

is Jim’s sister.

主句：The girl is Jim’s sister.

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教学过程

从句：The girl is drawing(who代替the girl,需还原) Eg2:The man /who(that) lives next door/ is friendly. 主句：The man is friendly. 从句：The man lives next door.(who代替the man,需还原) （2）若引导词前为一句话（即包含主谓宾），则直接在引导词处断开，前面即为主句，后面则为从句。

Eg1:He is the man/ whom(that) we saw yesterday. 主句：He is the man. 从句：We saw the man yesterday.(whom代替the man,需还原) Eg2:A plane is a machine

which(that) can fly. 主句：A plane is a machine. 从句：The machine can fly.(which代替machine,需还原)

巩固练习：划分下列句子的主、从句

◆

1.Check the ways that you study for an English test.

主：___________________________从：___________________________________ ◆

2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.

主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ ◆

3.You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.

主：______________________________从：________________________________ ◆

4.I have some ideas that may help.

主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ ◆

5.They said something that you didn’t like.

主：_____________________________从：_________________________________

（四）引导词的选择

关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose

1.先行词是人时，关系代词用who/whom/that. (1) who/that表主格，在从句中作主语:

The girl who /that is drawing is Jim’s sister.

主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ The man who/that lives next door is friendly. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ (2) whom/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略，在从句中作宾语: The boy (whom/that) we talked about will come.

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主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ He is the man (whom/that) we saw yesterday. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ 2.先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that.

(1) which/that作主语: A plane is a machine which / that can fly. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ (2) which/that作宾语,可省略: The car (which /that) he bought was a second-hand one. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ 3.whose：表所有格，作定语，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物

The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________ The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long. 主：_____________________________从：_________________________________

总结：

成分

先行词

人

物

（五）定语从句的翻译

原则：先划分主、从句，然后将从句放在所修饰的名词前翻译并且加一个“的”字即可，关系代词可不予理睬；也可以将主、从句分开翻译。具体问题需具体分析，以翻译通顺、明了为主要原则。

（1）A Chinese who is called Mo Yan won the Nobel Literature Prize this year.

主→A Chinese won the Nobel Prize in Literature this year.

译→今年，一个中国人获得了诺贝尔文学奖。

从→A Chinese is called Mo Yan.

译→一个中国人叫莫言。

翻译→“今年，一个叫莫言的中国人获得了诺贝尔文学奖。”或“今年，一个中国人获得了诺贝尔文学

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主语

who、that which、that 宾语

whom、who、that which、that 定语

Whose （of whom）

Whose （of which）

奖，他叫莫言。”

（2）The Diaoyu Island which is rich in all kinds of natural resources is an inseparable part of Chinese territory.

主→________________________________________________________。

译→__________________________________________________。

从→________________________________________________________.

译→__________________________________________________。

翻译→_______________________________________________________。

（3）Gaokao is one of the important exams which will determine the fate of most of the students.

主→______________________________________.

译→______________________________________。

从→__________________________________________________.

译→________________________________________________________。

翻译→________________________________________________________。

（4）Do you know the man whom our teacher just talked to？

翻译→________________________________________________________________

（5）China is a country which has a history of more than 5,000 years. 

翻译→________________________________________________________________

（6）The Communist Party is a political party which will make China a greater and more powerful country. 翻译→________________________________________________________________ （7）"The Series of Transformers" which were made by Americans are very popular all over the world. 翻译→________________________________________________________________

（六）巩固练习

1.划分主、从句,并翻译

（1）The girl whose father is a scientist is very good at physics.

主→________________________________________.

从→________________________________________.

翻译→________________________________________________________________

（2）China is a country which has a history of more than 5,000 years.

主→________________________________________________.

从→________________________________________________.

翻译→________________________________________________________________

（3）He is a lovely boy who is loved by all the teachers and students.

主→________________________________________________.

从→________________________________________________.

翻译→________________________________________________________________



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（4）The Communist Party is a political party which will make China a greater and more powerful country.

主→________________________________________________.

从→___________________________________________________________.

翻译→________________________________________________________________

（5）"The Series of Transformers" which were made by Americans are very popular all over the world.

主→___________________________________________________________.

从→___________________________________________________________.

翻译→________________________________________________________________ （6）Check the ways that you study for an English test.

______________________________________________________________ （7）Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.

（8）You couldn’t understand people who talked fast.

______________________________________________________________ （9）I have some ideas that may help.

（10）They said something that you didn’t like.

______________________________________________________________ 2.合成句子：将两句话合并成含有定语从句的一句话

基本法则：五步法（找山寨产品进行调查）

第一步：找，即找到两个简单句中相同的部分，该部分即为先行词。

第二步：删，即删掉从句中的相同部分。

第三步：代，即代替，将被删掉的部分用相应的关系词代替。

第四步：调，即调整顺序，将关系词放在主句先行词之后，整个从句放在关系词之后。

第五步：查，即检查整个句子是否准确无误。

例题分析：

Look at the photos. I took the photos on my trip. 第一步：主句和从句中都有the photos。

Look at the photos. I took the photos on my trip. 第二步：将从句中the photos删掉。

Look at the photos. I took _______ on my trip. 第三步：由于photos是物，故用which代替。

Look at the photos. I took which on my trip. 第四步：将which放在主句photos后面，从句随其后。

Look at the photos which I took on my trip. 第五步：检查整句是否无误。

巩固练习

1.I can’t find the letter. The letter came this morning.

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 

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_________________________________________________________ 2.Please give me the book. The book is about travel. _________________________________________________________ 3.This is the bag. My mother bought it last week. _________________________________________________________ 4.The house is made of wood. Jack built the house last year. _________________________________________________________ 5.He was talking with a lady. Her son was ill. _________________________________________________________ 6.The girl is called Mary. I saw her yesterday. _________________________________________________________ 7.She is a person. Everyone likes to make friends with her. _________________________________________________________ 8.He is a hero, and we are all proud of him. _________________________________________________________ 9.The house is Tom’s. Its door faces south.

_________________________________________________________ 10.The reason is proper. He gave us the reason. _________________________________________________________

3.翻译含定语从句的长句

基本步骤：先找“的”前面为一句话的“的”字，“的”后面的名词即为先行词。

（1）若“的”后面为一句话，则将“的”前后断开，前面为从句，后面为主句。然后还原先行词在从句的成分，按照合并定语从句的基本步骤进行。

Eg1:正在画画/的/那个女孩是Jim的姐姐。.

主句：那个女孩是Jim的姐姐。The girl is Jim’s sister. 从句：（那个女孩）正在画画。The girl is drawing. 翻译：The girl who (that) is drawing is Jim’s sister. Eg2:住在隔壁/的/那个人很友好。

主句：那个人很友好。The man is friendly. 从句：那个人住在隔壁。The man lives next door. 翻译：The man who(that) lives next door is friendly.

（2）若“的”后面为一个名词，则将“的”前面断开，然后往前找到第一个主语和谓语动词，在此主

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语和动词前断开（若先行词在从句中作主语，则不需找主语；若先行词在从句中作宾语，则需找主语），则中间部分为从句，将“的”去掉后的其余部分组合构成主句。然后还原先行词在从句的成分，按照合并定语从句的基本步骤进行。

Eg1:他就是/我们昨天看见/的那个人。

主句：他就是那个人。He is the man. 从句：我们看见那个人。We saw the man yesterday. 翻译：He is the man whom(that) we saw yesterday. Eg2:飞机是一种/会飞/的机器。

主句：飞机是一种机器。A plane is a machine. 从句：一种机器会飞。A/The machine can fly. A plane is a machine which(that) can fly. 巩固练习：先划分下列句子的主、从句，再合并成定语从句。

1.你不能理解说话快的人。

主→________________________________________________________。

从→________________________________________________________. 合并→_______________________________________________________。

2.这是一本讲述宇宙飞船技术的书。

主→________________________________________________________。

从→________________________________________________________. 合并→_______________________________________________________。

3.他正在使用的录音机是日本制造的。

主→________________________________________________________。

从→________________________________________________________. 合并→_______________________________________________________。

4.跟你说话的那个人是一个科学家。

主→________________________________________________________。

从→________________________________________________________. 合并→_______________________________________________________。

练习：用定语从句翻译下列短语

◆

一个叫做Tom的男孩

__________________________________________________________ ◆

教我们英语的老师

__________________________________________________________ ◆

昨天我妈妈给我的钱

__________________________________________________________ ◆

矗立在河边的楼房

__________________________________________________________

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一位皮包被偷了的女士

__________________________________________________________ （1）先行词在从句中作主语

实例展示

◆

This book was left by John , who was here a moment ago . ◆

The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced ones . ◆

Here is the the mony that / which will be given to you . ◆

This is a book which tells about space rocket technology . ◆

This is the book whose cover is blue .= This is the book , the cover of which is blue. (从句中主语是whose cover / the cover of which ) 仿写练习

a.那些砍伐树木的人应该受到惩罚。（who ）

________________________________________________________________ b.无家可归的人数量多达250,000人。（who , as many as ）

________________________________________________________________ c.不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。（who）

_________________________________________________________ d.她上周买的房子非常好看。（which）

_____________________________________________________________ （2）关系代词在从句中作宾语

实例展示

◆

This recorder (which)he is using is made in Japan .

◆

The man (whom) you spoke to was a scientist . = The man to whom you spoke was a scientist .

◆

The city (which )she lives in is far away . 仿写练习

a.这是我要照顾的小孩。（whom）

________________________________________________________________ b.我的词典被偷了，那是我爸爸在美国买的。（which/ that ）

________________________________________________________________ c.北京是中国的首都，它是一座美丽的城市。（which）

_____________________________________________________________ d.Jim是我的外教，从他身上我学到了很多东西。（from whom）

________________________________________________________________

（3）用定语从句重新整理下列句子

Our class is a big family; It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

一、选择填空

1.

This is the dictionary

mum gave me for my birthday.

A. which

B. what

C. whose

D. whom 2.

Shaolin Temple

lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.

A. where

B. which

C. who

D. what 3.

I like the music

I can sing along with.

A. what

B. that

C. who

D. why 4.

Jack, there is someone in the office

would like to speak with you.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. whose 5.

The camel

I rode had a bad temper, and I got very tired.

A. that

B. whose

C. who

D. where 6.

Last summer I went to Lu Xun’s hometown and visited the house

he was born.

A. that

B. there

C. which

D. where 7.

The boy

won the first prize is called Roy.

A. when

B. whom

C. who

D. which 8.

The man

lives next to us is my English teacher.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. where

二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1. The house _______ we live in is very big.

2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

3. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

一、选择填空（9-20属于定从2内容，暂不做）

1. Look at that lady

name is Pochi. A. who

B. whose

C. whom

D. that 2. He is a teacher

I like very much. A. who’s

B. whose

C. /

D. which

3. Those pictures

were drawn by Tom are nice.

A. who

B. whose

C. whom

D. which 4. Those

will go to the park stay here. A. who

B. that

C. whom

D. whose 5.The girl

could sing well went to Europe. A. who

B. whose

C. whom

D. Which 6. The woman

came yesterday is my mother.

A.who

B. whom

C. whose

D. which 课堂练习

课后作业

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7. Is the American film

you have seen interesting?

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. when 8.Have you found the bike

was lost?

A. which

B. whose

C. when

D. where 9.

That was all the money

I had. A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. whom 10. Tom is the first boy

left the room.

A. who

B. that

C. whom

D. whose 11. This is the biggest ship

I’ve ever seen. A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. whose 12. You can read any book

I have. A. who

B. whom

C. that

D.

whose 13. This is all

she said about it A. who

B. whom

C. what

D. that 14. Look at the boy and his dog

are coming this way. A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whom 15. I like swimming,

is a very good sport. A. which

B. that

C. as

D. who 16.

everybody knows, swimming is a very good sport. A. Which

B. That

C. As

D. Who 17. They selected Tom,

they liked, as captain. A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. whom 18. That was the year

I went to America. A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which 19. We came to the town,

we stayed for 2 days. A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which 20. This is the reason

I came here. A. when

B. that

C. why

D. which

二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.

There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him. 2. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class. 3. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children. 4. Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 5. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

三、翻译下列句子

1. 她就是那个女孩，她父亲是我国著名的科学家。

________________________________________________________________ 2. 我要买一本在英语学习上对我有帮助的书。

________________________________________________________________ 3.手机是一种能帮助人们相互沟通的仪器。

________________________________________________________________

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4. 这是我们在阅读中经常碰到的单词之一。

________________________________________________________________ 5. 我今天下午4点来看你，那时候我有空。

________________________________________________________________ 6. 这就是我们要看那场精彩电影的现代化影院。

________________________________________________________________ 7. 他有两个兄弟，对我们都很好。

________________________________________________________________ 8. 他是我们村唯一不喜欢工作的村民。

________________________________________________________________

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