Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction教案和课堂实录

MODAL VERBS Teaching Aims：

1.Get to know about the Modal verbs with different functions.

2.Help students compare similar modal verbs.

3.Learn to use modal verbs with exercises.

Importance：

Learn to use modal verbs with exercises.

Difficulties：

How to use modal verbs correctly. Procedures Before Class: Translation: 1.

nest (n) __________

2.torch (n)__________

3.stadium (n) __________ 4. pass something on ________ 5. roof (n) __________ 6.transport (n) __________ 7.

citizen (n) __________

8.vest (n) __________

9. underwear (n) _________ 10. kettle (n) __________

11. otherwise (adv) __________

1. ability

ex. He can run 100 metres in 11 seconds.

Can this little girl read before she goes to the primary school?

can / be able to

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can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：

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Accidents can happen. Anybody can make mistakes．

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在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was／were able to而不能用could。如：

It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside．

The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test．

I’m sorry I haven’t been able to play tennis with you recently.

2. Obligation ought to/should ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法, 用于各种人称。

ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：

We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work．

You shouldn’t spend so much time playing.

She is your mother, so you ought to support her．

Ought he to go? Yes, I think he ought (to).

must/have to must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。

1) must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：

We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination．

Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money．

3. certainty

might / may/ could / should / ought to / will / must

very uncertainty

almost certainty She might win a medal at the Olympics. She may be at home now. She could read and write at the age of 4. She should come to join us. She ought to / will / must help me whenever I am in trouble.

4.permission

can / could / may / might

informal / spoken

formal / written could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉

—Can I watch the Olympics ? —Yes, you can. No, you can’t.

—May I watch TV after finishing my homework? —Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.

5. make requests

will / can / could / would

informal

formal

—Will / Can/ Could/Would you help me with my training? —Yes, I will/can/can/will.

6. make suggestions

shall常用于第一，三人称，表示征求对方意见。

— Shall we / I / he / she / they do some exercise this morning? — Yes. — Shall he come in?

— Ok.

7.

make offers

I’ll wash your sports jacket.

Shall I get a ticket for you? Shall we carry the books for you ? Shall I clean the blackboard for you? [来源:学#科#网]

8. give advice You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming. The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.

和其他时态的连用[来源:学科网]

The boys may be playing football on the playground. The boys may have finished their homework by the time school is over. He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot. Our headmaster must have been to USA, for he knows the country so much.

must have done 的反意疑问句

You must have seen the film, haven’t you?

You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?

His parents must have beaten him, haven’t

they?

His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didn’t they?

shall / will shall可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：

Shall she go to the concert with us this evening? (征求意见)

You shall go to the front at once．(命令)

Don’t worry．You shall get the answer this very afternoon．（允诺）

He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution．

(决心) [来源:Zxxk.Com]

will在肯定句中表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。在疑问句中用于第二、三人称表示意愿。如：

Will you go hiking with me in the mountain?

Will he pay for me?

If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English．

If you will come this way, the manager will meet you．

mustn’t / needn’t

mustn’t 解释为“不准，不许”，语气强烈；needn’t “不需要，没必要”, 语气缓和。

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You mustn’t miss this football match. It’s very important.

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You needn’t watch the game if you don’t want to.

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—Must we clean the classroom?

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—Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t. [来源:学科网]

need / dare 作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句。

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—Need I help you?

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—Yes, please. •

You needn’t telephone him now.

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How dare you talk to the teacher like that?

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The girl dare not go out alone at night. 用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式．

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We need to tell him the news. You don’t need to tell him the news.

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Do the flowers need watering? •

I didn’t dare to tell you the truth.

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Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? •

The boy dares to do anything he likes. Homework: 语法作业