Grammar and usage(2): Modal verbs: comparisons课程导入

高邮市第二中学

2018级高一英语导学案

2018—2019学年第二学期高一英语导学案

课

题

课

型

情态动词

语法新授

课

时

主

备

1课时

徐建

时

间

审

核

2019-5-28 王石桂

M4U2 Sports events Grammar and usage——Modal verbs 

We use modal verbs to talk about ________, ________, ________, ________. 

We also use modal verbs to make ________, ________, ________, and give ________. I. 表示能力: can/could/ be able to

can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力, 而

be able to 则能用于各种时态。且在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。

1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.

A. can’t

B. couldn’t

C. may not

D. might not

2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.

A. had to

B. would

C. could

D. was able to II. 表示许可: may / might, can / could

在问句中，表示征询对方意见或请求时用“could...? 或might...? ”

以使语气委婉客气，但回答一定要用can或may。(mustn’t 表示禁止，不许可) 1. ——Could I borrow your dictionary?

——Yes, of course you _______.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should 2. ——May I pick a flower in the garden?

——________.

A. No, you needn’t

B. Not, please.

C. No, you mustn’t

D. No, you won’t

III. 表示推断或判断: can/may/must 1. 在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。must语气最肯定；may表示事实上的可能；can表示逻辑上的可能，常译成“有时会......”。

2. 在否定句中只能用can和may。can’t译为“不可能......”；may not译为“可能不......”。

3. 在疑问句中只能用can。

Practice (I) Multiple-choices. 1. I thought you _______like something to read, so I have brought you some books.

A. may

B. might

C. would

D. must

2. I didn’t hear the phone. I _______asleep.

A. must be

B. must have been

C. should be

D. should have been 3. ——

There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.

——

It _______a comfortable journey. A. can’t be

B. shouldn’t be

C. mustn’t have been

D. couldn’t have been

4. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _______ be rather cold sometimes. A. must

B. can

C. should

D. would (II) Fill in the blanks with can, could, may, might. 1. ——Is John coming by train? ——He should, but ________not. He likes driving his car.

1 Victory won’t come to me unless I go to it.

---- Moore

American poetess

高邮市第二中学

2018级高一英语导学案

2. Peter ________ come with us tonight, but he isn’t sure yet.

3. Sorry I’m late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 4. That_______not be Mary. She is in hospital. 5. How________ you be so stupid? IV. must 1. 表示“必须”、“应该”之意，

其意与have to相近(must表示主观意志，have to表示客观需要)。其否定式mustn't，表示“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意。

2. 对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn’t或用don’t (doesn’t) have to 来回答，而不用mustn’t。

3. 用于疑问句时，还可以表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，译为“偏偏，偏要”。

Practice 1. ---- Must we finish the work tomorrow?

---- No, you ________, but you ________finish it in three days. 2. John, look at the time. Must(___) you play the piano at such a late hour? (Translate the sentence.) V. shall/should shall

1. 用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。例如：

Shall we begin our lesson?

2. 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。例如：

You shall fail if you don’t work harder．

He shall have the book when I finish reading．

should

1. 表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，与ought to 同义。ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强。在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。

2. 表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：

He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

He should/ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)

Practice 1. ——What does the sign over there read?

——“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”

A．will

B．may

C．shall

D. must 2. ——I think I’ll give Bob a ring.

——You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.

A. will

B. may

C. have to

D. should 3. ——When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ——They _____ be ready by 12:00.

A. must

B. should

C. may

D. need VI. will/would will

1. 表意志或决心

If you will wait, the manager will be here soon. If you will take off your clothes, we will try the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

2 胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。

——

美国女诗人

穆尔

高邮市第二中学

2018级高一英语导学案

2. 在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表请求（would比will更为委婉）Will you please…

? 3. 表习惯性动作，译为“总是”或“总会”

Fish will die without water.

Whenever he meets me, he will come over and say hello to me.

would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。例如：

During the vacation he would visit me every week．

VII. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词：need/dare 1. need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。

2. dare作为情态动词有两种形式：dare和dared。

Practice：T/F？

How dare you say such a thing?

（

）

He daren’t to speak English before such a crowd, did he?

（

）

Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.

（

）

These dishes needed be cleaned carefully.

（

）

VIII. 情态动词+ have +过去分词

用法

例句

表推测：

1. ---I didn’t see Mary at the meeting yesterday.

may/might have done

---She might have been ill, I guess. can’t/couldn’t have done

2. The streets are all dry. It couldn’t have rained during the night.

must have done 3. The streets are all wet. It must have rained during the night. 表虚拟：

1. ---Did you listen to the speech? could have done

---No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on should/ought to have our way. done 2. The flower is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. needn’t have done 3. ---Mr. Smith didn’t come last night, did he?

---No. We needn’t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted. 1. ——Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

——Great! You _____read widely and put a lot of work into it.

A. must

B. should

C. must have

D. should have 2. ——I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

——Oh, did you?

You ________with Barbara. A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would stay

D. must have stayed 高考真题

1. We

have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.

A．may not B．needn’t

C．can

D．mustn’t

2. ——______I take the book out? ——I'm afraid not.

A. Will

B. May

C. Must

D. Need 3. ——____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?

——Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.

A. Can

B. Should

C. Must

D. Would 4. One of our rules is that every student

wear school uniform while at school.

A. might

B. could

C. shall

D. will

3 Victory won’t come to me unless I go to it.

---- Moore

American poetess

高邮市第二中学

2018级高一英语导学案

5. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao” just as I__do in China.

A. must

B. might

C. can

D. should

6. I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

A. won’t

B. can’t

C. can

D. will

7. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?

A. should face

B. might face

C. could have faced

D. must have faced 8. ——What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? ——Well, it ______be big——that’s not important. A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. won’t 9. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they___just be quiet people. A. must

B. may

C. should

D. would 10. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but_____say where he was. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't 11. John promised his doctor he ______not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might

B. should

C. could

D. would 12. ——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ——I am afraid you ______ , in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will

B. must

C. may

D. can 13. You ____ park here! It’s an emergency exit.

A. wouldn’t

B. needn’t

C. couldn’t

D. mustn’t

14. Liza______well not want to go on the trip——she hates traveling. A. will

B. can

C. must

D. may 15. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _______ it differently. A. could express

B. would express

C. could have expressed

D. must have expressed 16. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

A. shall

B. should

C. can

D. must

17. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _____ I have put it?

A. can

B. must

C. should

D. would 18. The biggest problem for most plants, which _____ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.

A. shan’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. mustn’t

19. ——

What do you think we can do for our aged parents?

——You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

A. don’t have to

B. oughtn’t to

C. mustn’t

D. can’t

20. ——I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.

——Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.

A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may

课后反思——整理回顾，反思总结

4 胜利是不会向我走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。

——

美国女诗人

穆尔