Lesson 8 A Universe of Thought教学目标设计

Lesson 31 学习目标

英汉互译

A）重点单词和短语

1. 冠军_____________

2. 亲戚____________ 3. stand on one foot_______________ 4. set a new world record_____________

5.break a record ____________

6. have to____________

7. be late for____________

1.champion 2.relative 3.一只脚站立 4.建立一项新的世界纪录 5.打破记录 6.不得不 7.吃到 B）重点句型

1.

And how do you feel?

__________________________________.

2. How long will I have to do this?

___________________________________________

3.我已经单脚站立超过三分钟了。

____________________________________________ 1.那你现在感觉怎么样？

2.我需要站多久呢？

3.I have been standing on one foot for more than three minutes. 合作探究

探究一

And how do you feel?

本句句意为“那你现在感觉怎么样？”。How do you feel?用来询问对方的感觉，feel后可用about连接所评判的事物。其答语是表示具体情绪的形容词或是表示评判的形容词。

拓展：询问对方对某事物的看法，还有句型“How do you like it?”或“What do you think of it?”。

—How do you feel today?你今天感觉怎么样？

—I’m very happy.我很开心。

—How do you feel about the new book?你觉得这本新书怎么样？

—It’s too boring.太枯燥无聊了。

—How do you like the movie?你觉得这部电影怎么样？

—I think it’s very interesting.我觉得它很有趣。

探究二

How long will I have to do this? 本句句意为“我需要站多久呢？”have to表示“不得不，必须”。

辨析：have to, must 1）have to指客观上的不得不。

2）must指主观上的必须。

太晚了，我该走了。It’s too late. I have to go now.

妈妈没有在家，我不得不照顾我小妹妹。

My mother isn’t at home. I have to look after my little sister.

我必须努力学习。I must study hard.

探究三

I have been standing on one foot for more than three minutes. 本句句意为“我已经单脚站立超过三分钟了。”

本句用的是现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去，则由下文而定，这个动作可能还在继续，也可能刚刚结束。这种时态中多用延续性动词，如live, learn, lie, stay, sit, stand, wait等。其结构为：have been doing。常和all this morning, all this week, all this month, all night, all the morning等状语以及since和for引导的短语或从句连用。

我写了一上午信。（动作不再继续）I have been writing letters all this morning.

他在生病，已卧床三周了。（动作会继续下去）He is ill. He has been lying in the bed for three weeks.

达标测评

一、单项选择

1.—I like the party so much, but I ________ go home. It’s too late. —What a pity! A. must B. have to C. may D. can 2.Uncle Wang and my father _________ together since they came to the company. A. have been working B. worked C. work D. are working

3.—Why not________ John a toy car for his birthday? —Good idea! He is crazy about cars. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 4.—Let me help you carry the box, Li Ming. —Thank you, Li Lei. It’s very nice________ you_________me. A. of; to help B. for; to help C. of; helping D. for; helping 5.—_________ can I get to the nearest cinema by bike? —In ten minutes. A. How soon B. How long C. How much D. How many 二、根据汉语完成句子

1.现在英语比以前重要多了。

Now English is ________ ________ ________than it was before. 2.稍后我会给你带一片来。

I ________ ________ you a piece later. 3.你不能一只脚走到那里。

You ________ ________ there on one foot. 4.史密斯先生从1998年以来就一直住在中国。

Mr. Smith ________ ________ ________ ________ China since 1998. 5.轻音乐是最流行的。

Light music is ________ ________ ________. 1－５ＢＡＡＡＡ

1.much more important 2.will bring 3.can’t walk 4.has been living in 5.the most

popular

Lesson 32 学习目标

英汉互译

A）重点单词和短语

1. thick_____________

2. photograph____________ 3. life_______________

4. 有……重_____________

5. 千克____________

6. 三个以上；一些____________

7. 充满____________

8. 顺便说一下____________ 1.厚的 2.照片 3.举起；抬起 4.weigh 5.kilo 6.several 7.be full of 8.by the way B）重点句型

1.Mine flew farther than Jenny’s airplane, but Brian’s flew the farthest.

__________________________________.

2.By the way, our school held its spring sports meet several days ago.

___________________________________________ １．我的纸飞机比詹妮的飞得远，但是布莱恩的飞得最远。

２．顺便说一下，我们学校在几天前举行了春季运动会。

合作探究

探究一

Mine flew farther than Jenny’s airplane, but Brian’s flew the farthest. 本句句意为“我的纸飞机比詹妮的飞得远，但是布莱恩的飞得最远。”

farther adv.＆adj.更远（的）（far的最高级）

1）farther可作定语或表语，主要指时间或距离上的更远。

2）形容词far的比较级形式还有further，当further意为“较远；更远”时，等于farther，但是further还意为“更进一步地；更多地”，这时不能与farther互换，further多指时间、程度、数量上的更进一步。

3）farther还可为副词，修饰动词，作状语，表程度。

你家是远的，我家更远。Your home is far. My home is farther. 我太累了以致于不能再走了。I’m too tired to walk any farther. 让我们更深入地考虑这一点。Let’s consider this point further. 他比别人跳得更远。He jumped farther than the others. 探究二

A train must weigh more than 30000 kilos! 本句句意为“一列火车一定重3万多千克！”weigh作动词，意为“称……的重量”。

weigh与way（路）是同音词。

weight作名词，意为“重，重量”。

weighty作形容词，意为“重的，沉重的”。

kilo作名词，意为“千克”。

kilo=kilogram(me)，意为“千克”。

含有kilo的合成词有：kilometre千米；kilowatt千瓦；

kilolitre公升

我每周量体重。I weigh myself every week. 医生建议他减轻体重。The doctor advised him to lose weigh. 露西好像心事重重。Lucy seemed to have something weighty on her mind. 一千克大米多少钱？How much does a kilo of rice cost? 这本书重大约2千克。The book weighs almost 2 kilos.

用所给词的适当形式填空

(1)Do you know how much he ________ (weigh)now? (2)The ________ (weigh)of your suitcase is about 20 kilos. (1)weighs (2)weight 探究三

By the way, our school held its spring sports meet several days ago. 本句句意为“顺便说一下，我们学校在几天前举行了春季运动会。”

several作代词，意为“三个以上；一些”，只能修饰可数名词复数，其含义比a few稍多，比many少，等于some，有肯定意味。

在某些情况下，人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。In some cases, people have to wait several weeks for an appointment.

达标测评

一、单项选择

1.Jim jumps ________ than any other boy in his class. A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest 2.—_________is the _________of the pears? —Ten kilos. A. What, weigh B. How, weigh C. What, weight D. How, weight 3.—Hi, Ann! I won the first prize in the English Speech Contest. —Congratulations! And I guess your parents must_________ you. A. be mad at B. be proud of C. be angry with D. be impolite to

4.That T-shirt_______ be expensive because it’s by a famous designer. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. must D. should

5.—Could you tell me________ yesterday? —Because my bike was broken on my way here. A. why you came late B. why do you come late C. why you come late D. why did you come late 1.B

由关键词than可知本句用比较级，far的比较级为farther。

2.C

What’s the weight of…?是询问某物重量的句型。

3.B

be proud of以……而自豪，因为获得一等奖，所以她的父母以她为骄傲。

4.C

must be意为“肯定是”，表示肯定的猜测。

5.A

宾语从句要用陈述语序，因此B和D不正确。有时间状语yesterday可知，这里要用一般过去时态，故选A。

根据句意及汉语提示完成句子

1.Can you __________（举起）the heavy box all by yourself? 2.The pig__________（重）173_________（千克）.

3.The castle walls are two metres_________（厚的）. 4.________（一些）of the windows were broken. 5.There are some__________（照片）of mine. 1.lift 2.weighs, kilos 3.thick 4.Several 5.photographs

Lesson 33 学习目标

英汉互译

A）重点单词和短语

1. athlete_____________

2. compete_____________ 3.married____________

4. host_______________

5. amazed_____________

6. Olympic____________

7. 精神；精灵____________

8. 代表；象征____________

9.与……竞争；对抗

____________

10. 惊讶于……____________

1.运动员 2.竞争；比赛 3.结婚的；已婚的 4.主办；主持；主人 5.惊奇的；惊讶的 6.奥林匹克运动会的 7.spirit 8.represent 9.compete against 10.be amazed at…

B）重点句型

1.But those first Olympics were very different from today’s.

__________________________________.

2.Women couldn’t take part in the games.

___________________________________________

1.但是那些早期的奥林匹克运动会与今天的是不一样的。

2.女子是不能参加比赛的。

探究一

The ancient Greeks wanted to have the best athletes compete against each other. 本句句意为“古希腊人想让最健壮的运动员互相对抗。”

compete作动词，意为“竞赛，比赛”。

compete with/against sb.和……竞赛

compete for sth. 争夺……

市场上许多公司相互竞争。Many companies in the market are competing each other.

我们能与最好的队竞争。We can compete with the best teams.

那位年轻的网球运动员常与著名球员对抗比赛，

可是到目前为止，

他总是输的。The young tennis player has often competed against famous players, but so far he has always been beaten.

他很聪明，有能力去竞争数学奖学金。

He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship. 探究二

Women couldn’t take part in the games. 本句句意为“女子是不能参加比赛的。”take part in是固定短语，意为“参加”。

辨析：join, take part in 1）join+组织、团体

2）take part in+活动

李明已入团。Li Ming has joined the League.

我们加入了英语俱乐部。We joined an English club.

课后你经常参加什么体育活动？What sport do you usually take part in after class? 探究三

But those first Olympics were very different from today’s. 本句句意为“但是那些早期的奥林匹克运动会与今天的是不一样的。”

different是形容词，意为“不同的”，其名词是difference。

be different from与……不同，其反义短语为be the same as和……一样

英文名字与汉语名字是不同的。English names are different from Chinese names.

他的回答和他妈妈的不一样。His answer is different from his mother’s. 达标测评

一、单项选择

1.He never competes ________ his friends ________ a prize. A. with; to B. /; for C. with; for D. for; with 2.We’re going to have a picnic this weekend, do you want to ________us? A. come B. join C. invite D. see 3.Peter_________ Mary last year. A. married B. was married with C. got married D. has married

4.—Mike, please turn down the music. _________Lucy_________Lily are sleeping. —Sorry, I’ll do it right away. A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not only; but also 5.He asked his father_____________? A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen １－５ＣＢＡＣＣ

根据句意及汉语提示完成句子

1.On the trip to Hawaii, we were all in high__________（情绪）. 2.At the Olympics, athletes________（竞争）for medals. 3.How many_________（运动员）competed at the 2012 Olympics? 4.I always _________ ___________（与……竞争）him in English. 5.Whether he is_________（结婚的）or not is not important. 1.spirits 2.compete 3.athletes 4.compete against

5.married

Lesson 34 学习目标

英汉互译

A）重点单词和短语

1. America_____________

2. peace____________ 3. reflect_______________

4. feature_____________

5. 公正地____________

6. 代表____________

7. 保持不变____________

8.

触动某人的心灵____________

1.美洲；美国 2.和平 3.显示；表明 4.特征；特点 5.fairly 6. stand for 7. stay the same8. touch one’s heart

B）重点句型

1.The blue ring stands for Europe, the red ring for America…

__________________________________.

2.Some things have stayed the same, and some things have changed over the years.

___________________________________________ 1.蓝环代表欧洲，红环代表美洲……

2.一些事情保留原样，一些事情这些年已经发生了变化。

探究一

The blue ring stands for Europe, the red ring for America…

本句句意为“蓝环代表欧洲，红环代表美洲……”，stand for表示“代表”，后接所代表的对象。

America作名词，意为“美洲；美国”。

拓展：American是America的形容词形式，意为“美洲的；美国的”，还可作名词，意为“美国人”。

红色代表着我们国家。The red flag stands for our nation. 他来自美国。He is from America. 谁是第一个发现美洲的？Who discovered America first? 你觉得美洲食品怎么样？What do you think of the American food? 昨天3个美国人拜访了那位中国老艺术家。Three Americans visited the old Chinese artist yesterday.

探究二

And of course, the torch—a symbol of peace, light and friendship—is always there.当然了，和平、光明和友谊的象征——火炬一直在那里。

peace作名词，意为“和平”，是不可数名词，其形容词形式为peaceful，意为“和平的”。

我们应该维持治安。We should keep the peace. peace的固定搭配

at peace处于和平状态

keep the peace维持治安

in peace安静地

make peace with与……讲和

探究三

Some things have stayed the same, and some things have changed over the years. 本句句意为“一些事情保留原样，一些事情这些年已经发生了变化。”

Stay the same意为“保持不变；保持一致”。与keep the same相比较，stay the same侧重停滞不前，而keep the same侧重保持不变。

这个小村庄这些年一直保持原样。The small village stayed the same these years. 他们一直保持着女儿的房间不变。They keep their daughter’s room the same all the time.

达标测评

一、单项选择

1.SOS stands_________ “Save Our Souls”. A. at B. on C. for D. of

2.We arrived at Disneyland last Sunday, __________, we couldn’t get in. A. and

B. because C. however D. so 3.Chinese________ by the largest number of people in the world now. A. is spoken B. is speaking C. speaks D. spoke

4.The chairman’s words touched__________hearts. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 5.—What do you think of Mark’s report? —It’s quite good. But I think yours is________. A. good B. better C. best D. worse

１－５ＣＣＡＣＢ

根据句意及汉语提示完成句子

1.After years of war, the people hope for a lasting __________（和平）. 2.What is the main geographical___________（特色）of that country? 3.Canada is in north__________（美洲）, isn’t it? 4.Fast food restaurants are popular because they _________（反映）American lifestyle. 5.The ___________（大陆）of Africa has a long history and a rich culture. 1.peace 2.feature 3.America 4.reflect 5.continent

Lesson 35 学习目标

英汉互译

A）重点单词和短语

1. gold_____________

2. influence____________ 3. coach_______________

4. 梦之队_____________

5.对……有影响

____________

6. 多次；反复____________ 7.尽某人最大努力_______________ 1.金色 2.影响；作用 3.教练；辅导教师 4.dream team 5.have an influence on 6.time after time 7.do one’s best B）重点句型

1.All of the players must work hard and do their best for the team.

__________________________________.

2.By working together, they perform better, and they never give up.

___________________________________________ 1.所有的队员必须努力工作，为团队尽他们最大的努力。

2.通过合作，他们表现得更好，而且他们永不放弃。

合作探究

探究一

A dream team has not only the best players and the best coach, but also the best team spirit. 本句句意为“一个梦之队不仅有最好的队员和最好的教练，还要有最好的团队精神”。

Not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”，若连接两部分作主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，谓语动词单复数与较近的一致。

不仅是你，他也得离开。Not only you but also he has to leave. 被选中的不仅有男人也有女人。Not only men but also women were chosen. 探究二

All of the players must work hard and do their best for the team. 本句句意为“所有的队员必须努力工作，为团队尽他们最大的努力”。

do one’s best 尽某人最大的努力

do one’s best的同义短语是try one’s best，one’s要根据主语而定。该短语可单独使用，也可后接不定式作宾语。

别担心，我会尽力帮助你们的。Don’t worry. I can try my best to help you. 你必须尽最大努力完成这项工作。You must do your best to finish the work. 探究三

By working together, they perform better, and they never give up. 本句句意为“通过合作，他们表现得更好，而且他们永不放弃。”

give up意为“放弃”，相当于stop doing sth。give up后接名词、代词或动名词，不能跟不定式。

不要放弃希望。Don’t give up your hope. 警方没有放弃寻找那个失踪的小孩。The police didn’t give up searching for the missing child. 医生让我的父亲戒烟保持身体健康。The doctor asked my father to give up smoking to keep healthy.

达标测评

一、单项选择

1.Don’t worry. We’ll ________ to help you get out of the trouble. A. do our well B. do our better C. do our best D. do one’s best

2.Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better ________. A. give up it B. give it up C. take out it D. take it out 3.The famous film star has _________ influence on his fans. A. a B. an C. the D. / 4.We__________the first place in the sports meeting last year. A. win B. beat C. won D. beats

5.The doctors did their best ________her life. A. to save B. for saving C. saved D. saving

二、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子

1.Yi Siling won the first Olympic___________（金的）medal at London Olympic Games for China. 2.The youngest world___________（冠军）is Fu Mingxia.

3.Smoking does harm to brains and it can __________（影响）studies. 4.Do you know the _________（教练）of China’s football team? 5.If you___________（击败）someone, you will win the match. 一、1-5ＣＢＢＣＡ

二、1.gold 2.champion 3.influence 4.coach 5.defeat

Lesson 36 学习目标

英汉互译

A）重点单词和短语

1. rope_____________

2. race____________ 3.result _______________

4. 一个也没有_____________

5. 第二十____________

6. 掉下来____________

7. ____________

8. ____________ 1.跳绳 2.赛跑；速度竞赛 3.结果；成绩 4.none 5.twentieth 6.fall off B）重点句型

1.None of us could catch him!

__________________________________.

2.He came in twentieth.

___________________________________________

１．我们当中没有一人能赶上他！

２．他是第二十名。

合作探究

探究一

It was a race. 本句句意为“这是一场速度比赛。”

race作名词，意为“比赛”。

辨析：race, game, match 1)race通常指赛跑、赛马、赛车、赛船等速度比赛。

2)game常指有一定的规则的游戏或运动，且以输赢为主要目的。既可指户外的体育运动，也可指智力方面的运动，如做游戏、下棋等，还可指大型的国际体育运动会、比赛。

3)match一般指竞技比赛，常用于指预先安排好的较正式的球类比赛等。表示比赛时，美式英语常用game，英式英语常用match。

她赢得了100米比赛。She won the 100-metre race. 他们打开电视看比赛。They turn on the TV to watch the games. 他们和另一个学校打了一场篮球对抗赛。They played a basketball match against another school. 探究二

None of us could catch him! 本句句意为“我们当中没有一人能赶上他！”

none作代词，意为“一个也没有；毫无”。

辨析：no one, none和nobody

1）no one=nobody意为“没有人”，只可指人。作主语时谓语动词用单数，后不接of介词短语。

Nobody is here.

=No one is here. 这儿一个人也没有。

2）none指三者或三者以上没有人或没有物，常与of连用。none of作主语时，接可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数均可；接不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。none还可用于对how many或how much引导的疑问句进行回答，表示数量，可以单独成句。

None of them have been back yet.他们中没有一个回来的。

None of them likes swimming. 他们中没人喜欢游泳。

探究三

He came in twentieth.他是第二十名。

twentieth num.＆adj.＆adv.第二十

Today is my twentieth birthday.今天是我的第二十个生日。

twentieth的基数词是twenty。

基数词变序数词的规律：

基变序，有规律；词尾加上th。……………six—sixth, seven—seventh 一、二、三特殊记；结尾字母t，d，d。……one—first, two—second, three—third 八减t，九减e；……………………eight—eighth, nine—ninth f要把ve替，然后再加th。………………………five—fifth, twelve—twelfth

是ty结尾的，先变y为ie；然后再加th。…………thirty—thirtieth

记忆快门整十的基数词（十除外）对应的序数词为：基数词去掉词尾字母y，加ieth。例如：

thirty→thirtieth

forty→fortieth fifty→fiftieth sixty→sixtieth seventy→seventieth

eighty→eightieth

ninety→ninetieth

达标测评

一、单项选择

1.The maths question is so hard that ________ of the students can work it out. A. all B. each C. none D. nobody 2.—How old is your daughter? —_________. We had special party for her_______ birthday yesterday. A. Nine, nine B. Nine, ninth C. Ninth, nine D. Ninth 3.I couldn’t do it_______ your help. A. with B. without C. for D. to 4.Don’t keep them_______ for long. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. to be waiting 5.The baby _______ the chair and cried for a long time. A. fell off B. fell over C. fell down D. fell behind 二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子

1.The finish of the r_______was exciting. 2.W________any help, his father managed to repair the car all by himself. 3.We’ll have a party next Saturday for Lily’s ________（第二十个）birthday.

4.I have so many clothes, but__________（没有一个）are in fashion now. 5.He________（摔下来）his bike and hurt his left arm yesterday. 一、１－５ＣＢＢＢＡ

二、1.race 2.Without 3.twentieth 4.none 5.fell off