Learning about Language教学设计案例

The Past Participle as the Adverbial 张家口市正博高级中学

周超

Analysis of students: Before this class, students learned how to use the past participle as the attribute, the predicative and the object complement, but the non-finite verb, especially the past participle as adverbial, is difficult for them to understand and use. Therefore, the key of this class is how to change the difficult point into what students can understand. As is known to all, there is some relevance between the adverbial clause and the past participle as adverbial. And most of students are familiar with the adverbial clause. Thus, students can be taught to find the relevance and then change the adverbial clause into the past participle as adverbial.

Analysis of materials: In the textbook, only several sentences appear in the first text. And in the part of learning about language, it doesn't provide enough examples and doesn't refer to the methods about how to learn the past participle as adverbial.

Teaching goals

1. To help students understand and use the past participle as adverbial

2. To help students develop the ability of co-operating, analyzing and concluding

Teaching important and difficult points

1. To understand and use the past participle as adverbial 2. To understand the Independent Nominative Structure

Teaching methods

Practice, cooperative—based methods

Teaching procedures and ways

教学过程

Step Ⅰ Lead-in

T: Hello, everyone. In this class, we will learn the past participle as adverbial. And before this class, we have learned some usages of it. So first read the following passage and tell the usage of the underlined past participle.

Group work: (show the slight to the students)

A farmer saw the soil broken through by the young shoots. Although they grew taller and taller day by day, he still admired the rice planted by others. Not satisfied with the growing plants, he could not sleep. Suddenly an idea hit him. He jumped out of the bed and dashed to the field. By the moonlight, he began working on the rice seedlings. One by one, the young plants pulled up by him grew by half an inch. The pulling finished, it was already morning.

With his back straightened, he was excited, 1

saying to himself, “Look, the field is covered with taller plants!”

Shocked, his son heard what his father had done. Now the sun had risen. The young man’s heart was broken to see all the pulled-up young plants dying.

T:

Time’s up. Each group can recommend one person to represent your group to show your answers.

S1 (Group 1):

In the first sentence, “broken through

” is used as the attribute and in the second sentence “planted by others” is used as the attribute.

S2 (Group 2): First, I don’t completely agree with group 1’s idea. I think “broken through

” is used as the object complement. And next, I think “Not satisfied with the growing plants” is used as the adverbial and “pulled up by him” is used as the attribute.

S3 (Group 3): I think “The pulling finished”

used as the adverbial and “straightened” used as the object complement.

S4 (Group 4): I think “Shocked” used as the adverbial, “broken” used as the predicative and “pulled-up” used as the attribute.

T：From your answers, I find some students still have difficulty understanding how to use the past participle. So let’s do some exercises to review it further.

Individual work: (show the slight to the students)

1. Did you attend the meeting ______yesterday?

A. to be held

B. having been held

C. held

D. being held

2.Can you see that _______________(破了的窗户)?

3. Don’t play with fire or you will get_____.

A. burnt

B. burning

C. to burn

D. burn

4. The students of Senior2 Class5____________ to see their team win.（激动的）

5. I want the work finish by Friday.（改错）

6. People found the water in Oujiang River polluting.（改错）

Translate sentences coming from the text

1. Worried about the journey, I was upset for the first few days. 2. Hit by lack of fresh air, my head ached.

T: Now, let’s check the answers.

S1: Choose C.

S2: broken windows

S3: A

S4: were excited

….

S8:由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头疼。

Step Ⅱ Learning the past participle as adverbial from adverbial clause

T: From the translation, we can see that when the past participle is used as adverbial, 2

it is usually translated into the adverbial clause. Therefore, we can learn it from the adverbial clause. Next, please observe the changes between the two sentences in each group. And then learn to imitate（模仿）

how to change sentence A into sentence B.

(show the slight to the students) 思考：句中划线部分表示什么(时间，条件，让步，原因，伴随)，起什么作用（作主，宾，表，宾补，定，状语）？

When the earth is seen from space, the earth looks blue. If these vegetables are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.

S1: In the first sentence, the underlined sentence refers to time, and functions as adverbial. In the second sentence, the underlined sentence refers to

conditions and serves as adverbial

T: Very good. What they have in common is that the clause and the main sentence have the same subject and the passive voice in the clause. If it can satisfy these two demands at the same time, we can change the adverbial clause into the past participle as adverbial. So the first example can be changed into: Seen from space, the earth looks blue. And the second can be changed into: Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. And now do the following exercises:

Pair work: (show the slight to the students)

1. As they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.

2. Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. 3. She walked out of the house, and she was followed by her little daughter. 4. Because he was absorbed in his work , he refused to let out the secret.

T: Now, let’s check the answers.

S1: In the first sentence, the underlined sentence can be changed into

“Deeply moved by the story”. S2: In the second sentence, the underlined sentence can be changed into

“Beaten by the enemy”.

…

Step Ⅲ

Draw a conclusion(show the slight to the students)

过去分词短语做状语可表示

等意义。这种过去分词语相当于一个

等状语从句；当表示伴随时，相当于由

连接的并列句。当过去分词作状语，分词的主语通常是整个句子的主语，句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成

__________，即是该分词动作的承受者。

Ss：时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随，时间、原因、条件、让步，and，动宾关系

T: So far, I believe you have understood and know how to use it. Now, complete the sentences.

Individual work: (show the slight to the students)

1.因为写的匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

3

(1)

（状语从句），this article was not so good.

(2)

（分词做状语），

this article was not so good.

2.虽然被对方打败了，但是队员们没有丧气

。

(1)

he opposite team（状语从句），the players were not discouraged.

(2)

the opposite team（分词做状语），

the players were not discouraged 3.他在屋子里走来走去，陷入了沉思。

(1)He walked up and down in the room,

.（并列句）

(2)He walked up and down in the room,

.（分词做状语）.

T: Now, time’s up and let’s checks the answers.

S1: Because（As）

it was written in a hurry；Written in a hurry

S2:

Although they had been defeated by ；Defeated by

S3:and he was lost in thought; lost in thought

Step Ⅳ

Explaining two difficult but important aspects

T: Next, I will add two difficult but important aspects of the past participle as adverbial. The first is that when the past participle is used as adverbial, we can also add such words as “when, if, once, though and unless” previous to it in order that we can find it is used as that adverbial. For example: (show the slight to the students)

Once the dish is tasted, the dish is hard to forget Once tasted, the dish is hard to forget. If the tree had been given more attention, the tree could have grown better. If given more attention, the tree could have grown better.

T: Another is the Independent nominative structure. Now read the definition together.

Ss:当分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己的独立主语，二者构成独立主格结构。

其构成为：名词或代词的主格

+ 分词

其功能为：在句中作状语

其位置为：句首，句中或句末

T: In order to help you understand it, I will take two group sentences for example. (show the slight to the students)

Because the boy was touched by his teacher, the boy cried.

Touched by his teacher, the boy cried.

When our homework was finished, we went home.

Our homework finished, we went home.

T: In the first group examples, the subjects are the same but in the second group 4

examples the subjects are different. So when we change the adverbial clause into the past participle as adverbial, we must keep the subject of the clause. Now finish next two sentences.

Pair work: (show the slight to the students)

1. Because her glasses had been broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. 2. Although time had been reduced, he finished the work on time.

T: Now, time’s up and let’s checks the answers

S1: Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.

S2: Time reduced, he finished the work on time.

Step Ⅴ Consolidation

T: At last, let’s do some exercises in order to check if we have known how to use the past participle as adverbial.

ⅰ. Individual work: (show the slight to the students)

1. _______into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order .(2012天津) A. Translating

B. Translated

C. Having translated

D. To translate

2.

an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.(2012四川卷) A. Offer

B. Offering

C. Offered

D. To offer 3. Film has a much shorter history, especially when

such art forms as music and painting.(2012全国新课标) A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to

D. compared to

4. An important decision

more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.(2012北京卷)

A. is based

B. based

C. basing

D. having based 5.

, anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012陕西卷) A. Operated easily

B. This machine was easily operated C. This machine easily operated

D. To be easily operated

T: now, tell the answers together.

Ss: BCDBC

ⅱ. Group work: use the Past Participle as the Adverbial in real condition (show the slight to the students)

T: when you finish it, I will ask some students to show your answers on the screen

5

如果能再给一次机会（分词作状语），我一定会对你说抱歉。由于担心被你瞧不起（分词作状语），我那次对你说了慌。我很惊讶发现关于这件事你已经知道了一些（分词作状语），但是我又没有完全告诉你实情。然而随着时间的推移（with结构），我意识到我错了…

S1 (group 1): Given a chance once more, I will say sorry to you. Worried about being looked down upon by you, I told a tie. Surprised to find that you had known something about it, I didn’t completely tell you the truth. However, with time going by, I realized that I was wrong…

…

Step Ⅵ Homework:

1. Review the grammar.

2. Finish the exercises in using Words and Expressions.

Step Ⅶ

Dismiss the class

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