Learning about Language主要内容及教案内容

Attributive Clause ★

定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空和改错题中会考到，在写作中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。

Part One 基础知识回顾

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语的作用。

被定语从句修饰的词叫做___________。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由

关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

如：Rose is the lady who met Jack.

二、关系词小结

关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句、代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：

词例

who whom that which 先行词

人

人

人&物

物

充当成分

主语

宾语

主语、

宾语

主语、

宾语

例句

This is the doctor who saved my life . She is the new student (whom)

I want to tell to you. （指人相当于who或whom，指物

相当于which）

1.

Please pass me the book which is

lying on the table.

2. The novel (which)

Tom bought is very interesting. The earth, as is known to all, is round. 关系代词

as 物

主语、

宾语

whose =of whom /of which 人&物

定语

The professor whose

daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams.

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when=at/in/ 时间

状语

We’ll never forget the day when

the People’s Republic of China was founded. on/during 关which 系where=at/in/ 地点

副to which 词

why=for 原因

which 状语

状语

This is the house where he lived. I know the reason why

she works so well. Exercise：

1. This is the film _______________ is very famous in the world. 2. Jack and Rose are the hero and the heroine _____________ loved each other very

much in the film .

3. The man and the woman ___________ you see in the picture are Jack and Rose. 4. This is the film ___________ name is Titanic.

三、定语从句的种类

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

从句与先行从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果词的关系

省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整

确。

标

点

从句和主句之间不用逗号分开

指人who (that) whom 关系

代词

指物which / that

人和物的whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时, 可以省去

从句只修饰一个名词或代词

定语从句译在被修饰词的前面

从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开

指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）

指物which 人和物的whose 关系代词一般不可省

可以修饰一个词也可修饰整个主句

定语从句通常被译成另一个独立

的句子

修饰

翻译

Translation: God helps those who help themselves.

___________________________ Smile does good to our health, which we all know. ______________________________

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Part two易混知识区分

一、关系词的区分

1、that , who 与which的区别

☆

只能用that做关系代词的情况：

只能用that做关系代词的情况

1 当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外) 2 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时

3 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

4 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，

并同时兼指人和物时

当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等修饰时

.在疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that

当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略

当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略

例句

Pay attention to everything that

I do. He has little time that he can spare. This is the best novel (that) I have read. They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. This is the last time that I I want to see you. Which of the students that knows something about history. This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. China is not the country (that) it was.

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☆

指物只能用which 不用that的情况:

1 2 只能用which 不用that的情况: 例句

在非限制性定语从句中

在介词后面

St Petersburg, which

was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city. This is the room in which we lived last year.

☆指人时只能用who不用

that的情况:

只能用who不用

that的情况

例句

先行词为one, anyone, no one, all, Those who break the law must be punished. nobody, anybody, none, those时

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Exercise: 1. Mo Yan is the first Chinese __________ has got the Nobel Prize. 2. Mo Yan is the one _________ merges folk tale and history with hallucinatory realism

and the contemporary. 3. He wrote many novels, some of ____________have been made into films. 2、as 与

which 的区别

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时不同之处主要有三点：

(1)

as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一

个主句；另外，as有

“_________________”的意思

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句__________。

a. Diaoyu Islands belong to China, _____________is known to all. b. ___________ is known to all, Diaoyu Islands belong to China. (2) 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用___________ a. I have never heard such a story _______ he tells. b. This is the same book ______ I lost last week.

★

注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。

She wore the same dress that

she wore at Mary’s wedding.

她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.

她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(3) as 引导定语从句用法补充

This is such an interesting book ___________we all like. This is such an interesting book ___________we all like it. 3、关系代词和关系副词的区别

解题步骤：

a. 找出先行词

b. 准确判断先行词在______________中充当的成分。

c. 指时间，地点或原因的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，用_______或______引导

从句。做状语，则用相应的关系___________。

1). He will never forget the day ____________ he was trapped on the highway. 2). He will never forget the day ____________ he spent on the highway. 3). This is the reason ____________ they discussed about the issue. 4). The reason _____________ he gave wasn’t convincing.

5). This is the city ___________ is worth a visit. 6). This is the city ___________ people can see many special stores.

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二、易混句型的区分

定语从句与并列句的区分

区分方法：

并列句：由__________and, but, or等或_______把两个或两个以上的________连在一起。

1). I am reading Harry Porter , _________ is an interesting book. 2). I am reading Harry Porter ; _________ is an interesting book. 3). I am reading Harry Porter, and __________ is an interesting book. 4). He has two sons, both of ____________ are teachers.

5). He has two sons ; both of ____________ are teachers. 6). He has two sons , and both of ______________ are teachers.

Part three典型错误解析

1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two. 2. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 3. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. 5. Guangyu Temple, which covers an area of 900 square meters.

Part four链接高考

1. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away __________ there was a garage .

2. Jane paused in front of a counter __________ some attractive ties were on display.

3. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _________ had been his teacher.

4. Behind him were other people to __________ he was trying to talk, but after some

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minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.

5. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, ________

made her feel like a star.

Part five Exercise 含有定语从句的实用句式

1.___________________________________

(……的人……) 例句：_____________________ violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

2. The reason __________ +句子~~~ is that +句子

(……的原因是……) 例句：The reason ________ we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

3.

________________________________________________ (众所周知，……)

_____________________________, it is important for the students to know the

world outside campus．

4. __________________________________________ (俗话说: “…….”)

____________________________“Where there is a will，there is a way.”

5. He _______laughs last laughs best.

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

6. All ________glitters is not gold.

闪闪发光的不都是金子。

7. True friendship is like sound health, the value of _________is seldom known until

it is lost.

真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。

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