Learning about Language教学实录

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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Part 1 Teaching Design 第一部分

教学设计

Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (Revise the verb tenses )

Introduction

In this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions, and then to revise the verb tenses . The following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by revising the verb tenses ,

reading aloud to the recording, discovering useful words and expressions, reading more about Davidson Black, revising the present perfect continuous tense, discovering useful structures and closing down by looking and saying.

Objectives To help students revise the verb tenses To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures 1. Warming up by revising the verb tenses Active Tenses

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Simple Present Present Condition Action or General Truths Action 

I Non-action; Habitual Future Time like 

The music. 

I hear you. 

Here comes 

There are thirty 

I run on train days September. in Tuesdays and Sundays. leaves at 4:00 p.m. the bus. Present Progressive Activity in Progress Verbs of Perception 

He is feeling 

I am playing soccer now sad Simple Past Completed Action Completed Condition 

The weather was 

We visited the museum yesterday. rainy last week. Past Progressive Past Action interrupted by Past Action that took place over a period of time another 

We 

They were climbing for twenty-seven days. were eating dinner when she told me. Future

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With will/won't -- Activity or event that will or won't With going to -- future in relation to exist or happen in the future circumstances in the present 

I'm hungry. 

I'll get up late tomorrow. 

I'm going to get something to 

I won't get up early. eat. Present Perfect With verbs of state that begin in the To express habitual past and lead up to and include the or continued action present 

He 

He has lived here for With events occuring at an indefinited or unspecified time in the past -- with ever, never, before has 

Have you ever been to worn glasses many years. all his life. Tokyo before? Present Perfect Progressive To express duration of an action that began in the past, has continued into the present, and may continue into the future 

David has been working for two hours, and he hasn't finished yet. Past Perfect

to describe a past event or condition completed before another In reported speech event in the past 

Jane said that she had 

When I arrived home, he had already called. gone to the movies. Future perfect to express action that will be completed by or before a specified time in the future

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

By next month we will have finished this job. 

He won't have finished his work until 2:00. THE PASSIVE TENSES

Simple present active: 

The company ships the computers to passive: 

Computers are shipped to many many foreign countries. foreign countries. Present Progressive active: 

The chef is preparing the food. passive: 

The food is being prepared. Simple Past active: 

The delivery man delivered the package passive: 

The package was delivered yesterday. yesterday. Past Progressive active: 

The passive: producer was making an 

An announcement was being announcement. made. Future active: 

Our representative will pick up the 

The computer will be picked up. passive: computer.

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Present Perfect active: 

Someone has made the arrangements passive: 

The arrangements have been made for us. for us. Past Perfect active: 

They had given us visas for three passive: 

We had been given visas for three months. months. Future perfect active: 

By next month we will have finished passive: 

By next month this job will have been this job.

finished. Modals active: 

You can use the computer. passive: 

The computer can be used. 2. Reading aloud to the recording

The more you read aloud, the better you get at it; the better you get at it, the more you like it; and the more you like it, the more you do it.

And the more you read aloud, the more you know; and the more you know, the smarter you grow. So listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pronunciation, stress and intonation.

3. Discovering useful words and expressions Turn to page 40 and fill in the blank to complete the two exercises. 4. Reading more about Davidson Black Davidson Black (1884-1934)

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Davidson Black was born in Toronto, Canada in 1884. He learned early on that good communication skills with other cultures would aide him in learning about them. Black not only befriended the Indians and learned their languages in his early days; he also got along extremely well with his Chinese colleagues. He was always eager to know more and this progressed throughout his life.

He earned a degree in Medical Science in 1906 from the University of Toronto, then went back to study comparative anatomy. By 1909, Black was an Anatomy Instructor. After realizing his passion for human evolution, he gained his big break. In 1919 he was offered a position at Peking Union Medical College in China. In 1927, Black began an enormous excavation at Zhoukoudian, which is near Peking. It was there that a hominid lower molar of unusual distinction was discovered. After studying this tooth with intense focus, Black recognized the existence of a previously unknown hominid genus and species. He also pointed out the close relationships among Peking man and Pithecanthropus Erectus.

Davidson Black inferred that the Peking man was ‘a thinking being, standing erect, dating to the beginning of the Ice Age.’ Some scientists were skeptical of Black’s findings, and in 1928, while Black was traveling to validate his beliefs to other scientists, half of a lower jaw was found with three teeth still intact. But the evidence he was really looking for was in the discovery of skull of the first Peking man. In 1932, Black was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His hard work and dedication carried him far in his experiments and discoveries, but the stress eventually got to him. He struggled with a congenital heart defect, which when he overworked would act up. He worked long days at his office, often returning again to work during the night, with very minimal sleep. This obsession eventually lead to his death at age 49, in March of 1934, while working alone in his office at night. 5. Revising the present perfect continuous tense Present Perfect Continuous

FORM

Present Perfect Continuous

[HAS / HAVE] + [BEEN] + [VERB+ing] EXAMPLES:

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I have been sitting here for two hours. She has only been studying Japanese for two years. NOTE:

When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Present Perfect Continuous (has been studying), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (has only been studying).

USE 1

Duration from the Past Until Now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.

EXAMPLES:

They have been talking for the last hour. She has been working at that company for three years. James has been teaching at the University since June.

USE 2 Recently, Lately

You can use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday". Without the durations, the this tense gives a more general meaning of "lately". We often use the words "lately" or "recently" in the sentence to strengthen this meaning. EXAMPLES:

Recently, I have been feeling really tired. She has been watching too much television lately. Mary has been feeling a little depressed.

IMPORTANT

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Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it suggests that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?" suggests that you can smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear, or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.

IMPORTANT

Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. To express the idea of Present Perfect Continuous with these exception verbs, you must use Present Perfect. EXAMPLES:

Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct

Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Present Perfect Continuous

EXAMPLES:

Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE

Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE

NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is rarely used in its passive form. 6. Discovering useful structures Now turn to page 40 and do exercises 1, 2 and 3.

7. Closing down by looking and saying Now to end this period, let’s look at the photo and say something about our ancestors. How did they live in the old days? What did they do for a living?

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