Grammar教案和学案内容

英语语法学案A———冠词

（一）考纲要求

考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

（二）命题导向

冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。

一、冠词的分类：

冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。

不定冠词有 a/an 定冠词有 the 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则

用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。

二、不定冠词的用法:

1.表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。

1）I gave him a book yesterday. 我昨天给了他一本书。

2）I am reading an interesting story . 我在读一本有趣的故事书。

2.表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。

1）A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。

2）A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。

3）A steel worker makes steel. 炼钢工人炼钢。

3.不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。

1）We often go to school two times a day.我们常常一天两次去学校。

2） The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin. 土豆卖三毛钱一斤。

4.不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。

1）A boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。

2）I got this tool in a shop. 我在商店买的这件工具。

5.不定冠词用于某些词组。

如：a few 几个 a little 有点

1）She has a few friends in this city. 她在这个城市中有几个朋友。

2）There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有点牛奶。

3）Only a few students are in the classroom.只有几个学生在教室。

三、定冠词的用法。

1.定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。

The bag in the desk is mine. 桌子里的书包是我的。

It is not the car we are looking for. 这不是我们要找的车。

2.定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。

I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop. The book costs 15 yuan.

我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。

3. 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。

如：the sun，the moon，the earth， the sky，the world，

the winter night

The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。

I can see a bird in the sky. 我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。

4. 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。

The dog is not too danger. 狗不太危险。

The cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。

5. 用在序数词、形容词最高级或两者之间比较及only, very, same 等形容词前。如：

the second floor, the biggest room,

He is the taller of the two.他们两个人中，他更高。

This is the very book that I am looking for.

6. 与形容词或分词连用表示一类人或一种抽象概念。如：

the poor穷人; the young 年轻人；

the false 谬论；the true真理

7. 用于表示乐器的名词前面。

如：

He plays the piano. 他会弹钢琴。

8. 用于姓氏的复数前，

表示一家人。如：the Greens格林一家人

9. 用于逢十的复数名词之前，指世纪的某个年代。如：

in the 1970’s

在20世纪70年代

10. 用于有些国家和民族的形容词之前，泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员。如：

the Japanese日本人，the French法国人，

the English英国人

四、

不使用冠词的情况

1. 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；

2. 泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；

They are teachers. 他们是教师。

3. 抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；

Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母。

4. 物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；

Man cannot live without water.

人离开水就无法生存。

5. 在季节、月份、节日、

假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；

We go to school from Monday to Friday.

我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6. 在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；

The guards took the American to General Lee.

士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7. 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词

如：have breakfast，play chess

8. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；

I can't write without pen or pencil.

没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。

9. 当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train；

10. 有些个体名词不用冠词；如：

school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；

go to hospital

去医院看病

go to the hospital

去医院

(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)

11. 不用冠词的序数词；

a. 序数词前有物主代词

b. 序数词作副词

He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中

at (the) first,first of all,

from first to last 记忆口诀：

一、不定冠词口诀

挑帽子----a/an用法口诀

冠词a, an两种帽, 许多名词常需要. 单词开头读元音,

an帽儿你可挑. 辅音起首戴a帽, 二、定冠词用法小结口诀：

记住规律莫乱套. 1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖）

2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus;

3.有山无峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黄山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰）；

Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）. 4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the;

欧洲等七大洲不用the, 如，Europe,Africa,Asia,NorthAmerica,South America, Antarctica,Oceania 5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球类运动baseball,basketball

6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the 。如：The Constitution(宪法）; chapter one

7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;如：The University of Fudan; Fudan University 三、

零冠词口诀

月、季、星期、节假、洲，

呼语、头衔、职务前，

三餐、球类、惯用语，

学科、棋类、名词前。典型考题：（必做题）

1. My mother asked me to repeat ____ telephone number ____ second time so that she could write it down. A. the; a

B. an; the

C. an; a

D. the; the 2. —Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on ____ phone. —Who is calling? —____ Mr. Green. I don’t know who he is.

A. /; A

B. the; /

C. the; A

D. /; / 3. —Did you happen to see ____ black and ____ white cats?

—Are they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. the; the

B. the; /

C. a; /

D. a; the 4. Susan, ____ university student from Europe, teaches me ____ art in her spare time. A. an; /

B. a; the

C. a; /

D. an; the 5. He wrote ____ song, which turned out to be rather popular with ____ young. A. the; the

B. a; /

C. a; the

D. the; / 6. —Where are you going, Mr. Johnson? —I am on my way to ____ hospital to see my wife, for she is seriously ill in ____ hospital now. A. the; /

B. /; the

C. the; the

D. a; / 7. ____ singer and ____ dancer is to attend my birthday party, which will add to our pleasure. A. The; the

B. The; /

C. The; a

D. A; a

8. ____ New York Times carried an article on how to protect the mother river of China—____ Yellow River. A. The; the

B. The; /

C. /; the

D. /; / 9. —What did you have for ____ lunch? —I had ____ delicious lunch at my friend’s house and it is really unforgettable.

A. a; /

B. / ; a

C. /; /

D. /; the 10. ____ shortest as he is, he runs fastest in our school. A. The

B. A

C. /

D. An 11. The apple pies are so tasty. I would like to have ____ third one because ____ second one is rather too small. A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. the; a 12. She was caught in ____ heavy rain on her way to the lonely island, which was quite ____ experience. A. a; /

B. /; an

C. a; an

D. a; a 13. Last summer vacation, my parents took me to visit ____ Tian An Men Square and _____ Tsinghua University, and I really enjoyed myself very much. A. /; the

B. /; /

C. the; the

D. the; / 14. George W. Bush, __ President of the United States, visited China ___ third time. A. a; a

B. the; a

C. /; a

D. /; the 15. People all know that it will take years of practice to gain ___ skills of ___ expert. A. the; an

B. the; the

C. the; a

D. /; the 16. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday?

---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.

A. /, the, a

B. a, /, the

C. a, a, the

D. a, the, the 17. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.

A. /, /

B. /, a

C. the, /

D. /, the 18. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?

---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.

A. the, the, /

B. the, the, a

C. /, the, a

D. /, the, /

高考链接：（选做题）

1. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)

A./;

B. a

C. the

D. one 2.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour. （

MET1991 11）

A./;/

B. the ; the

C. the; /

D./;the

3. ---Where's jack ?

（

MET1992 36）

---I think he's still in _____ bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.

A./; /

B. the; the

C. the; /

D./; the

4. She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. （NMET1994 20）

A. the; the

B. the ; /

C. a; /

D. a ; the 5. Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another? （NMET1994 23）

A. a; /

B. the; /

C. a; the

D. the; the

6. .Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today. （NMET 1996 13）

A. a; /

B. the; an

C. the; the

D./;the

7.

Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century. （NMET 1999 8）

A. the ; /

B. the; the

C./; the

D./; / 8. It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education . （1999.上海

6）

A.90s; their

B. the 90s; /

C.90s; /

D. the 90s; their 9. Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food. (NMET2000 10)

A. the; a

B./; a

C. the ; the

D./; the

10.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.

---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)

A. a; the

B. the; the

C. the ; a

D. a; a

参考答案：

1-5 ACACC

6-10 ABABC

11-15 CCBCA